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| 1 | Integrated study of the water–ecosystem–economy in the Heihe River Basin显示文摘The ecological water diversion project in the Heihe River Basin is the irst successful case in China in which the ecological systems in a river basin have been rescued. his project serves as a valuable example for the management of ecosystems in other inland river basins. his paper reviews the integrated studies of the water–ecosystem–economy relationship in the Heihe River Basin and concludes that sustainable development in inland river basins requires the basin to be considered as a whole, with the relationships between the upstream, midstream and downstream areas of the basin coordinated appropriately. Successful development in these basins will be relected in an improved output per cubic meter of water and the implementation of integrated river basin management practices. | Guodong Cheng Xin Li Wenzhi Zhao Zhongmin Xu Qi Feng Shengchun Xiao Honglang Xiao | 2014 | National Science Review2014，1，3： | 55 |
| 2 | Prediction of permafrost distribution on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the next 50 and 100 years显示文摘Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2001 reported that the Earth air temperature would rise by 1.4-5.8℃ and 2.5℃ on average by the year 2100. China re-gional climate model results also showed that the air temperature on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) would increase by 2.2-2.6℃ in the next 50 years. A numerical permafrost model was developed to predict the changes of permafrost distribution on the QTP over the next 50 and 100 years under the two climatic warming scenarios, i.e. 0.02℃/a, the lower value of IPCC’s estima-tion, and 0.052℃/a, the higher value predicted by Qin et al. Simulation results show that ( i ) in the case of 0.02℃/a air-temperature rise, permafrost area on the QTP will shrink about 8.8% in the next 50 years, and high temperature permafrost with mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) higher than ?0.11℃ may turn into seasonal frozen soils. In the next 100 years, perma-frost with MAGT higher than ?0.5℃ will disappear and the permafrost area will shrink up to 13.4%. (ii) In the case of 0.052℃/a air-temperature rise, permafrost area on the QTP will reduce about 13.5% after 50 years. More remarkable degradation will take place after 100 years, and permafrost area will reduce about 46%. Permafrost with MAGT higher than ?2℃ will turn into seasonal frozen soils and even unfrozen soils. | NAN Zhuotong LI Shuxun CHENG Guodong | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，6： | 40 |
| 3 | Isotopic evidence for the moisture origin and composition of surface runoff in the headwaters of the Heihe River basin显示文摘We investigated the moisture origin and contribution of different water sources to surface runoff entering the headwaters of the Heihe River basin on the basis of NECP/NCAR(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) re-analysis data and variations in the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios(δ D and δ 18O) of precipitation,spring,river,and melt water. The similar seasonality in precipitation δ 18O at different sites reveals the same moisture origin for water entering the headwaters of the Heihe River basin. The similarity in the seasonality of δ 18O and d-excess for precipitation at Yeniugou and Urumchi,which showed more positive δ 18O and lower d-excess values in summer and more negative δ 18O and higher d-excess values in winter,indicates a dominant effect of westerly air masses in summer and the integrated influence of westerly and polar air masses in winter. Higher d-excess values throughout the year for Yeniugou suggest that in arid inland areas of northwestern China,water is intensively recycled. Temporal changes in δ 18O,δ D,and d-excess reveal distinct contributions of different bodies of water to surface runoff. For example,there were similar trends for δ D,δ 18O,and d-excess of precipitation and river water from June to September,similar δ 18O trends for river and spring water from December to February,and similar trends for precipitation and runoff volumes. However,there were significant differences in δ 18O between melt water and river water in September. Our results show that the recharge of surface runoff by precipitation occurred mainly from June to mid-September,whereas the supply of surface runoff in winter was from base flow(as spring water) ,mostly with a lower runoff amount. | ZHAO LiangJu YIN Li XIAO HongLang CHENG GuoDong ZHOU MaoXian YANG YongGang LI CaiZhi ZHOU Jian | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，4： | 35 |
| 4 | Thawing and freezing processes of active layer in Wudaoliang region of Tibetan Plateau显示文摘The interaction between permafrost and atmosphere is accomplished through transfer of heat and moisture in the overlay active layer. Thus, the research on the thermal and hydrodynamics of active layer during the thawing and freezing processes was considered a key to revealing the heat and moisture exchanges between permafrost and atmosphere. The monitoring and research on active layer were conducted because permafrost occupies about two thirds of the total area of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on the analysis of the ground temperature data and soil moisture data of monitoring near the Wudaoliang region of the Tibetan Plateau, the thawing and freezing processes of active layer were divided into four stages, i.e. summer thawing stage (ST), autumn freezing stage (AF), winter cooling stage (WC) and spring warming stage (SW). Coupled heat and water flow is much more complicated in ST and AF, and more amount of water is migrating in these two stages. Heat is transferred mainly via conductive heat flow in the | Lin Zhao Guodong Cheng Shuxun Li Xinmin Zhao Shaoling Wang | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，23： | 31 |
| 5 | Influences of local factors on permafrost occurrence and their implications for Qinghai-Xizang Railway design显示文摘The construction of the Qinghai-Xizang Railway is facing some challenges posed by the presence of warm and ice-rich permafrost and predicted climate warming. To resolve these issues and ensure the railway a success, adjustments will have to be made in design strategies and principles. This paper presents several examples of permafrost-distribution anomaly caused by site-specific conditions. It analyzes the mechanism through which these local factors influence the occurrence and preservation of permafrost by modifying the heat convection and conduction patterns, and the amount of solar radiation received by the ground surface. A good understanding of these anomalies in permafrost occurrence is significant as it may provide some hints on the techniques and measures we can use to artificially simulate similar effects. A number of measures can be taken to lower ground temperature and to counter the effect of cli-mate warming. These measures include use of proper roadbed material and configuration, in order to adjust solar radiation, heat convection and conduction patterns. It is recommended that a new proactive approach be adopted in the railway design. This approach emphasizes the use of all the above-mentioned measures to cool down the roadbed. This is different from previous methods of preventing permafrost from thawing by utilizing more thermal resistant materials. | CHENG Guodong | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，8： | 26 |
| 6 | Integrated research methods in watershed science显示文摘We discuss the concepts, research methods, and infrastructure of watershed science. A watershed is a basic unit and possesses all of the complexities of the land surface system, thereby making it the best unit for practicing Earth system science. Watershed science is an Earth system science practiced on a watershed scale, and it has developed rapidly over the previous two decades. The goal of watershed science is to understand and predict the behavior of complex watershed systems and support the sustainable development of watersheds. However, watershed science confronts the difficulties of understanding complex systems, achieving scale transformation, and simulating the co-evolution of the human-nature system. These difficulties are fundamentally methodological challenges. Therefore, we discuss the research methods of watershed science, which include the self-organized complex system method, the upscaling method dominated by statistical mechanics, Darwinian approaches based on selection and evolutionary principles, hydro-economic and eco-economic methods that emphasize the human-nature system co-evolution, and meta-synthesis for addressing unstructured problems. These approaches together can create a bridge between holism and reductionism and work as a group of operational methods to combine hard and soft integrations and capture all aspects of both natural and human systems. These methods will contribute to the maturation of watershed science and to a methodology that can be used throughout land-surface systems science. | CHENG GuoDong LI Xin | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，7： | 23 |
| 7 | Ground-temperature controlling effects of duct-ventilated railway embankment in permafrost regions显示文摘Based on observed data from field-testing embankment of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, ground-temperature controlling effect of duct-ventilated embankment is studied in this paper.The results show that ventilation ducts can effectively cool the soils surrounding the ducts of the embankment, and the heat budget of the ambient soils in a year shows as heat release. Temperature status of the permafrost below the embankment with ducts buried in the relatively high position is similar to that of the common embankment. The permafrost processes warming all along in the two freezing-thawing cycles when the embankment was constructed. However, the temperature of the frozen soils below the embankment, in which the ducts buried in the relatively low position, rises a little in the initial stage. After that, it cools down gradually. At the same time,ventilation ducts can effectively reduce the thermal disturbance caused by the filled soils. The frozen soils below the common embankment and that with high-posited ducts absorb heat all along in the initial two cycles. While the soils below the embankment with low-posited ducts begin to release heat in the second cycle. This phenomenon proves that the ventilation embankment with low-posited ducts shows efficient temperature-controlling effect. Such embankment can actively cool the subgrade soils and therefore keeps the roadbed thermally stable. | NIU Fujun CHENG Guodong YU Qihao | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，z1： | 16 |
| 8 | The application of auto-temperature-controlled ventilation embankment in Qinghai-Tibet Railway显示文摘Auto-temperature-controlled ventilation embankment is an effective engineering measure for 'cooling roadbed'. Practice proves that this new method can sufficiently make use of natural cold energy. It has the advantages of higher efficiency, better cooling effect and feasibility in engineering practice, and wider application in various environment, etc. And also, it is comparatively cheap in project cost. Through practice in the field for half a year, the testing results show that, with the application of auto-temperature-controlled system, the artificial permafrost table has been raised by 65 cm. The artificial permafrost table was basically at the embankment bottom, and the action of freeze-thaw circle on engineering stability was effectively avoided. In the month with highest ground temperature, in the scope with 1-4 m in depth, including the majority of the embankment and the upper part in the original seasonal layer, the ground temperature decreased by 0.7℃. Through thermal flux calculation in the original seasonal layer, in the month with the maximum thermal flux coming into permafrost, it is found that the thermal flux reduces nearly by half. Coming into the cooling period for nearly a month, the ground temperature in entire auto-temperature-controlled embankment is close to zero, and the foundation is at negative temperature. But in a large region in the embankment and foundation the ground temperature was over 0℃ and varied from 0℃ to 0.39℃ in ordinary ventilation embankment. | YU Qihao CHENG Guodong NIU Fujun | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，z1： | 14 |
| 9 | Permafrost on the Qinghai-tibet Plateau under a Changing Climate显示文摘Permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) has experienced major shifts during theQuaternary. During the past 40 years, permafrost has been degrading extensively, due to climaticwarming. Simulations suggest significant degradation of permafrost both in extent and inthickness within the next 50-100 years. Freshwater wetlands on the QTP can contributesignificantly to the global budgets in the atmospheric greenhouse gases. Permafrost degradationon the QTP has caused destabilization of foundations of engineering structures, deterioration ofgrasslands and meadows, and weakening of permafrost control on water resources. | JIN Huijun CHENG Guodong LI Xin LI Shuxun Observatory and Research Station of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, LIGG, CAS, Lanzhou 730000 CHINA. | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，S1： | 14 |
| 10 | Long-term thermal regimes of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway embankments in plateau permafrost regions显示文摘Ten years of ground temperature data(2003–2013) indicate that the long-term thermal regimes within embankments of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR) vary significantly with different embankment structures. Obvious asymmetries exist in the ground temperature fields within the traditional embankment(TE) and the crushed-rock basement embankment(CRBE). Measurements indicate that the TE and CRBE are not conducive to maintaining thermal stability. In contrast, the ground temperature fields of both the crushed-rock sloped embankment(CRSE) and the U-shaped crushed-rock embankment(UCRE) were symmetrical. However, the UCRE gave better thermal stability than the CRSE because slow warming of deep permafrost was observed under the CRSE. Therefore, the UCRE has the best long-term effect of decreasing ground temperature and improving the symmetry of the temperature field. More generally, it is concluded that construction using the cooling-roadbed principle meets the design requirements for long-term stability of the railway and for train transport speeds of 100 km h?1. However, temperature differences between the two shoulders, which exist in all embankments shoulders, may cause potential uneven settlement and might require maintenance. | NIU Fu un LIU MingHao CHENG GuoDong LIN ZhanJu LUO Jing YIN GuoAn | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，9： | 14 |
| 11 | Simulation of rainfall-runoff and watershed convergence process in the upper reaches of Heihe River Basin,July 2002显示文摘The watershed flow concentration scheme in the distributed hydrology-soil- vegetation model (DHSVM) is coupled with the mesoscale atmospheric model MM5 version 3.5, in which the Oregen States University land surface model (OSULSM) was involved. The flood event which happened in July 2002 in the upper reaches of Heihe river basin is simulated and the surface flow convergence process is shown with this coupled model. It has been concluded that times water head reaches each place of the basin are different. Water amount at each point is split-flow proportionally as the drops in elevation between it and neighbor points. Large part of the water amount pass away in greater slope direction and small part pass away in smaller slope one.Adding of the slope convergence makes the atmospheric model redistributes the surface water laterally. | GAO Yanhong L(U) Shihua CHENG Guodong | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，z1： | 13 |
| 12 | Innovative designs of permafrost roadbed for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway显示文摘Under global warming scenarios, the passive method of simply increasing the thermal resistance by raising the embankment height and using insulating materials has been proven ineffective in warm and ice-rich permafrost areas and therefore could not be used in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway engineering. Instead, a proactive 'cooled-roadbed' approach was developed and used to lower the ground temperature in order to maintain a perennially frozen subgrade. The concept that local and site-specific factors play an important role in the occurrence and disappearance of permafrost has helped us to devise a number of measures to cool down the roadbed. For example, we adjust and control heat transfer by using different embankment configurations and fill materials. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway project demonstrates that a series of proactive roadbed-cooling methods can be used to lower the temperature of permafrost beneath the embankment and to stabilize the roadbed. These methods include solar radiation control using shading boards, heat convection control using ventilation ducts, thermosyphons, air-cooled embankments, and heat conduction control using 'thermal semi-conductor' materials, as well as combinations of above mentioned three control measures. This road-bed-cooling approach provides not only a solution for engineering construction in sensitive permafrost areas but also a countermeasure against possible global warming. | CHENG GuoDong WU QingBai MA Wei | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，2： | 13 |
| 13 | Toward an improved data stewardship and service for environmental and ecological science data in West China显示文摘Sharing of scientific data can help scientific research to flourish and facilitate more widespread use of scientific data for the benefit of society.The Environmental and Ecological Science Data Center for West China(WestDC),sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),aims to collect,manage,integrate,and disseminate environmental and ecological data from western China.It also aims to provide a long-term data service for multidisciplinary research within NSFC’s‘‘Environment and Ecology of West China Research Plan’’(NSFC West Plan).An integrated platform has been developed by the WestDC,and this has the function of data sharing,acting as a knowledge repository.Major data sets developed by the WestDC include basic geographic data,the regionalization of global data set for China,scientific data for cold and arid regions in China,scientific data for the cryosphere in countries that neighbor China,data relating to the inland river basins in northwestern China,and data submitted by the NSFC West Plan projects.In compliance with the‘‘full and open’’data sharing policy,most data in the WestDC can be accessed online.Highlights include detailed data documentation,the integration of data with bibliographic knowledge,data publishing,and data reference. | Xin Li Zhuotong Nan Guodong Cheng Yongjian Ding Lizong Wu Liangxu Wang Jian Wang Youhua Ran Hongxing Li Xiaoduo Pan Zhongming Zhu | 2011 | International Journal of Digital Earth2011，4，4： | 11 |
| 14 | Mapping the permafrost stability on the Tibetan Plateau for 2005–2015显示文摘Data scarcity is a major obstacle for high-resolution mapping of permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau(TP).This study produces a new permafrost stability distribution map for the 2010 s(2005–2015)derived from the predicted mean annual ground temperature(MAGT)at a depth of zero annual amplitude(10–25 m)by integrating remotely sensed freezing degree-days and thawing degree-days,snow cover days,leaf area index,soil bulk density,high-accuracy soil moisture data,and in situ MAGT measurements from 237 boreholes on the TP by using an ensemble learning method that employs a support vector regression model based on distance-blocked resampled training data with 200 repetitions.Validation of the new permafrost map indicates that it is probably the most accurate of all currently available maps.This map shows that the total area of permafrost on the TP,excluding glaciers and lakes,is approximately 115.02(105.47–129.59)×10^4 km^2.The areas corresponding to the very stable,stable,semi-stable,transitional,and unstable types are 0.86×10^4,9.62×10^4,38.45×10^4,42.29×10^4,and 23.80×10^4 km^2,respectively.This new map is of fundamental importance for engineering planning and design,ecosystem management,and evaluation of the permafrost change in the future on the TP as a baseline. | Youhua RAN Xin LI Guodong CHENG Zhuotong NAN Jinxing CHE Yu SHENG Qingbai WU Huijun JIN Dongliang LUO Zhiguang TANG Xiaobo WU | 2021 | Science China Earth Sciences2021，64，1： | 11 |
| 15 | Modification of solar radiation model over rugged terrain显示文摘The formula for the duration of possible sunshine has been modified. Two geometrical factors, the circumsolar view factor and the isotropic view factor for calculating solar radiation, have been proposed. The ray-tracing method in computer cartography has been applied to simulating the obstruction of terrain over solar radiation. In addition, the shape factor has been introduced to calculate the reflected radiation from surrounding terrain. | Xin Li Guodong Cheng Xianzhang Chen Ling Lu | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，15： | 10 |
| 16 | Profiling of microbial communities in a bioreactor for treating hydrocarbon-sulfide-containing wastewater显示文摘A technology of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE)was used to profile the structure and dynamic changes of microbial communities in a bioreactor for treating hydrocarbon-sulfide-containing(HSC)wastewater.The results showed that the heterotrophic genus of Acinetobacter and the autotrophic genera of Thiobacillus and Thiomonas could survive well in all of three operating conditions.Some special genera were also observed with changes of micro-ecoenvironment in the rea... | Liao Bo Ji Guodong Cheng Liqiu | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，8： | 10 |
| 17 | Impact of permafrost change on the Qinghai-Tibet Railroad engineering显示文摘Permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibet Railroad produces the great change under the influence of climate change, such as the decreasing of permafrost table, the rising of permafrost temperatures, etc. Climate effect on permafrost is the long-term process. Engineering action makes rapidly permafrost the large extent change. On the basis of analyzing the permafrost change under the climate change and engineering action, the thermal regime and spatial distribution of permafrost are predicted for air temperature rising 1℃ and 2℃ after 50 years in this paper. The results show that climate change results in the larger change for the thermal regime and spatial distribution of permafrost. Permafrost change will produce the great effect on the Qinghai-Tibet Railroad engineering, not only resulting in the decreasing of permafrost table beneath the roadbed, but also resulting in thawing settlement due to the thawing of ground ice near permafrost table. The idea of cooling roadbed and active protecting permafrost for the Qinghai-Tibet Railroad engineering could adjust and control the permafrost thermal state, some better methods are provided to ensure the engineering stability in the areas of warm permafrost and high ice content. | WU Qingbai CHENG Guodong MA Wei | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，z1： | 9 |
| 18 | Ecohydrological change mechanism of a rainfed revegetation ecosystem at southeastern edge of Tengger desert,Northwest China显示文摘Study is made on a 45 km-long artificial ecosystem without irrigation in Tengger desert on the basis of long-term ecological monitoring and ecohydrological fundamentals.Changes in water allocation, utilization, cycle and balance patterns in more than 40-year evolution of the soil-plant system are analyzed. The formation of a drought horizon in shrub rhizosphere and its effect, ecohydrological function of the crust and its effect on the soil-plant system change are discussed. Driven by water self-regulation and water stress, the soil-plant system is going to develop towards the steppe desert to ensure more effective use and optimum collocation of water resource. | XIAO Honglang CHENG Guodong LI Xinrong SONG Yaoxuan WANG Xinping | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，z1： | 9 |
| 19 | Effect of Altitude and Latitude on Surface Air Temperature across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘The correlation between mean surface air temperature and altitude is analyzed in this paper based on the annual and monthly mean surface air temperature data from 106 weather stations over the period 1961-2003 across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The results show that temperature variations not only depend on altitude but also latitude,and there is a gradual decrease in temperature with the increasing altitude and latitude.The overall trend for the vertical temperature lapse rate for the whole plateau is approximately linear.Three methods,namely multivariate composite analysis,simple correlation and traditional stepwise regression,were applied to analyze these three correlations.The results assessed with the first method are well matched to those with the latter two methods.The apparent mean annual near-surface lapse rate is-4.8 °C /km and the latitudinal effect is-0.87 °C /?latitude.In summer,the altitude influences the temperature variations more significantly with a July lapse rate of-4.3°C /km and the effect of latitude is only-0.28°C /latitude.In winter,the reverse happens.The temperature decrease is mainly due to the increase in latitude.The mean January lapse rate is-5.0°C /km,while the effect of latitude is-1.51°C /?latitude.Comparative analysis for pairs of adjacent stations shows that at a small spatial scale the difference in altitude is the dominant factor affecting differences in mean annual near-surface air temperature,aided to some extent by differences of latitude.In contrast,the lapse rate in a small area is greater than the overall mean value for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (5 to 13°C /km).An increasing trend has been detected for the surface lapse rate with increases in altitude.The temperature difference has obvious seasonal variations,and the trends for the southern group of stations (south of 33? latitude) and for the more northerly group are opposite,mainly because of the differences in seasonal variation at low altitudes.For yearly changes,the temperature for high-altitude stations occurs earlier clearly.Temperature datasets at high altitude stations are well-correlated,and those in Nanjing were lagged for 1 year but less for contemporaneous correlations.The slope of linear trendline of temperature change for available years is clearly related to altitude,and the amplitude of temperature variation is enlarged by high altitude.The change effect in near-surface lapse rate at the varying altitude is approximately 1.0°C /km on the rate of warming over a hundred-year period. | WANG Keli SUN Jia CHENG Guodong JIANG Hao | 2011 | Journal of Mountain Science2011，8，6： | 7 |
| 20 | Heat transfer process of roadway embankments with different type and width of road surface in permafrost regions显示文摘自从它被热条件管理,在永久冻土区域的路基的稳定性在当前的气候变化下面在这些区域与高速公路,高速公路和铁路的快速的开发和建设成为了一颗大担心,或换句话说,在堤的热转移过程。我们执行了有限元素分析在堤热转移过程上分析道路表面的不同类型的效果和堤的宽度的效果。结果显示在有沥青表面的车道堤的底部的吝啬的年度热转移率与沙的石子表面是乘那的 3。当沥青表面的宽度被加倍时,这意味着转移率增加了 60% 的年度热。增加的热转移率主要在堤的底部被定位并且导致了热集中的效果,导致到差不多 1.6 次的永久冻土的降级。增加的堤高度不减少热转移率的这些增加,这也被发现。因此,两沥青道路表面和增加的堤宽度能在车道堤导致加强的热转移率,因而 degradating 内在的永久冻土和堤不稳定性。 | YU Qihao PAN Xicai CHENG Guodong BAI Yang | 2007 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2007，17，3： | 7 |
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