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| 1 | Strategies to tackle the challenges of external beam radiotherapy for liver tumors显示文摘Primary and metastatic liver cancer is an increasingly common and difficult to control disease entity.Radiation offers a non-invasive treatment alternative for these patients who often have few options and a poor prognosis.However,the anatomy and aggressiveness of liver cancer poses significant challenges such as accurate localization at simulation and treatment,management of motion and appropriate selection of dose regimen.This article aims to review the options available and provide information for the practical implementation and/or improvement of liver cancer radiation programs within the context of stereotactic body radiotherapy and image-guided radiotherapy guidelines.Specific patient inclusion and exclusion criteria are presented given the significant toxicity found in certain sub-populations treated with radiation.Indeed,certain sub-populations,such as those with tumor thrombosis or those with larger lesions treated with transarterial chemoembolization,have been shown to have significant improvements in outcome with the addition of radiation and merit special consideration.Implementing a liver radiation programrequires three primary challenges to be addressed:(1) immobilization and motion management;(2) localization;and(3) dose regimen and constraint selection.Strategies to deal with motion include simple internal target volume(ITV) expansions,non-gated ITV reduction strategies,breath hold methods,and surrogate marker methods to enable gating or tracking.Localization of the tumor and organs-at-risk are addressed using contrast infusion techniques to take advantage of different normal liver and cancer vascular anatomy,imaging modalities,and margin management.Finally,a dose response has been demonstrated and dose regimens appear to be converging.A more uniform approach to treatment in terms of technique,dose selection and patient selection will allow us to study liver radiation in larger and,hopefully,multicenter randomized studies. | Michael I Lock Jonathan Klein Hans T Chung Joseph M Herman Edward Y Kim William Small Nina A Mayr Simon S Lo | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，14： | 2 |
| 2 | A high-throughput Agrobacterium mediated transformation system for the grass model species Brachypodium distachyon L显示文摘 | Daniel I P Hans T C Klaus K N | 2008 | Transgenie Re search2008，17，： | 1 |
| 3 | Application of carbon nanotubes to field emission displays显示文摘 | Chung D S Han I T | 2001 | Diamond and Related Materials2001，10，： | 1 |
| 4 | Onlay rib bone graft in elevation of reconstructed auricle:17 years of experience 显示文摘 | I Kim T Han J Lee Y | 2013 | Arch Plast Surg2013，40，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Effect of lauric acid addition on the antimicrobial efficacy and waterpermeability of com zein films containing nisin 显示文摘 | PADGETT T HAN I DAWSON P | 2000 | Journal of Food Processing and Preseration2000，24，： | 1 |
| 6 | Application of carbon nanotubes to field emission displays显示文摘 | Lee N S Chung D S Han I T | 2001 | Diamond and Related Materials2001，10，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Efficacy and safety of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the elderly over 80 years 显示文摘 | HAN S J LEE T H KANG B I | 2016 | Dig Dis Sci2016，61，7： | 1 |
| 8 | Early Time Course of Inflammation Immediately After TIA or Ischemic Stroke Determined By MMP-9- Plasma Level Measurements Predict Stroke Severity显示文摘 | Hans W Anita T Raft I | 2007 | Circulation2007，116，： | 1 |
| 9 | Low-complexity ML Decodingfor Convolutional Tail-biting Codes显示文摘 | PA I H HAN S WU T | 2008 | IEEECommunications Letters2008，12，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Effects of Chromium Picolinate, L-carnitine and Thy-roxine on the Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Nitrogen Balance in Pigs Weaned at 21 Days of Age显示文摘 | Cho W T Han I K Chae B J | 2000 | J Anim and Feed Sci2000，9，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Detection of human bocavirus in children hospitalized because of acute gastroenteritis显示文摘 | Lee J I Chung J Y Han T H | 2007 | J Infect Dis2007，196，7： | 1 |
| 12 | The impact of Web quality and playfulness on user acceptance of online retailing显示文摘 | Ahn T Ryu S Han I | 2007 | Information & Management2007，44，3： | 1 |
| 13 | The impact of Web Quality and Playfulness on user Acceptance of Online Retailing显示文摘 | Ahn T Ryu S Han I | 2007 | Information &Management2007，，44： | 1 |
| 14 | Antioxidative enzymes offer protection from chilling damage in rice plants显示文摘 | KUK Y I SHIN J S BURGOS N R HWANG T E HAN O CHO B H JUNG S GUH J O | 2003 | Crop Science2003，43，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Electromagnetic stirring and Sr modification in A356 alloy 显示文摘 | JUNG B I JUNG C H HAN T K KIM Y H | 2001 | Journal of Material Processing Technology2001，111，13： | 1 |
| 16 | Diversification and Firm Performance:Exploring the Moderating Effects of Information Technology Spending显示文摘 | Ravichandran T Liu Y Han S Hasan I | 2009 | Journal of Management Information Systems2009，25，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Optimal signal muhi-reso|ution by genetic algorithms to support artificial neural for exchange-rate forecasting 显示文摘 | Shin T Han I | 2000 | Expert Systems with Applications2000，18，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Evaluation of the ThinPrep Papanicolaou test in clinical practice显示文摘 | han KW ander I t al | | HKMJ0，，： | 1 |
| 19 | 显示文摘 | Yun S W Duk Y J Han I T | 2003 | J Vac Sci Technol B2003，21，： | 1 |
| 20 | Seeondary gliosarcoma:a review of clinical features and pathological diagnosis 显示文摘 | Han SJ Yang I Tihan T | 2010 | J Neurosurg2010，112，1： | 1 |
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