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| 1 | Transmission Dynamics of an Outbreak of the COVID-19 Delta Variant B.1.617.2——Guangdong Province,China,May-June 2021显示文摘On May 21,2021,a local case of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)was confirmed in a 75-year-old woman(experienced onset of symptoms on May 18)in Liwan District,Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province,China.The number of infections has increased in the following 10 days and led to 5 generations of transmission. | Meng Zhang Jianpeng Xiao Aiping Deng Yingtao Zhang Yali Zhuang Ting Hu Jiansen Li Hongwei Tu Bosheng Li Yan Zhou Jun Yuan Lei Luo Zimian Liang Youzhi Huang Guoqiang Ye Mingwei Cai Gongli Li Bo Yang Bin Xu Ximing Huang Yazun Cui Dongsheng Ren Yanping Zhang Min Kang Yan Li | 2021 | China CDC weekly2021，3，27： | 51 |
| 2 | Tianwen-1 MINPA observations in the solar wind显示文摘The Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer(MINPA)is one of the three scientific instruments onboard the Tianwen-1 orbiter to investigate the Martian space environment.During Tianwen-1’s transfer orbit to Mars,the MINPA was switched on to measure the solar wind ions.Here,we present the first results of the MINPA observations in the solar wind.During cruise,nearly half of the MINPA ion field-of-view(FOV)was blocked by the lander capsule;thus only the solar-wind ions with azimuthal speeds pointing towards the unblocked FOV sectors could be detected.We perform a detailed comparison of the MINPA’s solar wind observations with data from Earth-based missions when MINPA reached its count-rate peak,finding a general consistency of the ion moments between them.The blocking effect due to the lander is evaluated quantitatively under varying solar-wind velocity conditions.Despite the blocking effect,the MINPA’s solar wind measurements during the transfer orbit suggest a good performance. | AiBing Zhang LingGao Kong WenYa Li Lei Li BinBin Tang ZhaoJin Rong Yong Wei JiJie Ma YiTeng Zhang LiangHai Xie YuXian Wang JianSen He Bin Liu WenJing Wang Bin Su JiaWei Li Xu Tan Fang Wang TaiFeng Jin FuHao Qiao Peter Wurz Yan Zhu YunFei Bai YiRen Li XinBo Zhu YueQiang Sun YongLiao Zou Chi Wang | 2022 | Earth and Planetary Physics2022，6，1： | 5 |
| 3 | Kinetics of nitrobenzene degradation coupled to indigenous microorganism dissimilatory iron reduction stimulated by emulsified vegetable oil显示文摘Widespread contamination by nitrobenzene(NB) in sediments and groundwater requires better understanding of the biogeochemical removal process of the pollutant. NB degradation, coupled with dissimilatory iron reduction, is one of the most efficient pollutant removal methods. However, research on NB degradation coupled to indigenous microorganism dissimilatory iron reduction stimulated by electron donors is still experimental. A model for remediation in an actual polluted site does not currently exist.Therefore, in this study, the dynamics was derived from the Michaelis–Menten model(when the mass ratio of emulsified vegetable oil and NB reached the critical value 91:1). The effect of SO_4^(2-), NO_3^-, Ca^(2+)/Mg^(2+), and the grain size of aquifer media on the dynamics were studied, and the NB degradation dynamic model was then modified based on the most significant factors. Utilizing the model, the remediation time could be calculated in a contaminated site. | Jun Dong Linjie Ding Zifang Chi Jiansen Lei Yan Su | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，4： | 4 |
| 4 | The solar wind plasma upstream of Mars observed by Tianwen-1:Comparison with Mars Express and MAVEN显示文摘On the great journey to Mars,China’s first planetary exploration mission,the Tianwen-1 came within 26 million kilometers of Mars from 31 October 2020 to 25 January 2021 and was getting closer to its destination,the red planet,in search of answers to the cataclysmic climate change that occurred in Martian history.Both the escape of the Martian atmosphere and the loss of surface water were firmly influenced by solar activities.Tianwen-1 provided a unique chance to depict the solar wind streams between Earth and Mars during the minimum of Solar Cycle 25.During the three-month cruise phase of Tianwen-1,the solar wind flows were successively observed at Earth,Tianwen-1,and Mars.After the field of view correction and noise reduction,the solar wind velocity and density measured by Tianwen-1 show good agreement with those at Earth and Mars.The results indicate that the performance of the ion analyzer onboard the Tianwen-1 orbiter is reliable and stable.It is worth looking forward to the joint observations of ion escape with other Mars probes in the following Martian years. | Kai FAN Limei YAN Yong WEI Aibing ZHANG Linggao KONG Markus FRÄNZ Fei HE Lihui CHAI Chongjing YUAN Yuqi WANG Jun ZHONG Zhaojin RONG Zhonghua YAO Yongxin PAN Jun CUI Jiansen HE Wenya LI Binbin TANG Chi WANG | 2022 | Science China Earth Sciences2022，65，4： | 2 |
| 5 | Chromobox homolog 4 overexpression inhibits TNF-α-induced matrix catabolism and senescence by suppressing activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in nucleus pulposus cells显示文摘Intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)is featured as enhanced catabolism of extracellular matrix(ECM)in the nucleus pulposus(NP),in which tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)-related cell senescence is involved.Chromobox homolog protein 4(CBX4)exhibits anti-inflammatory effects and shows promising therapeutic potential.Thus,in the present study,we explore the role of CBX4 in IDD.Immunohistochemistry staining reveals that CBX4 expression is decreased in severe degenerative NP tissues compared to mild degenerative tissues,and real-time PCR and western blot analysis results show that CBX4 expression is downregulated under TNF-αstimulation in NP cells.siRNA and adenoviruses are used to knockdown or overexpress CBX4,respectively.The results demonstrate that CBX4 knockdown augments the catabolism of ECM in human NP cells,while CBX4 overexpression in rat NP cells restores the ECM degradation induced by TNF-α,as illustrated by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis.In addition,transcriptome sequencing results reveal the regulatory effect of CBX4 on the cell cycle,and further western blot analysis and senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase staining assay indicate that CBX4 overexpression alleviates cell senescence in the presence of TNF-α.Moreover,the phosphorylation of p65,which indicates the activation of NF-κB signaling,is measured by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay,and the results reveal that CBX4 overexpression reduces the TNF-α-induced increase in the p-p65/p65 ratio.In addition,the effect of CBX4 overexpression in NP cells is suppressed by NF-κB agonist.In summary,our results indicate that CBX4 overexpression can suppress TNF-α-induced matrix catabolism and cell senescence in the NP by inhibiting NF-κB activation.This study may provide new approaches for preventing and treating IDD. | Yangyang Zhang Shuangxing Li Junmin Hong Jiansen Yan Zhengqi Huang Jiajun Wu Zhihuai Deng Tianyu Qin Kang Xu Wei Ye | 2022 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2022，54，7： | 2 |
| 6 | Plasma draining and replenishing near a solar active region inferred from cross-correlation between radiation intensity and Doppler shift显示文摘Using observations from the EUV Imaging Spectrometer(EIS) onboard Hinode, we exam the plasma dynamics around the edge of the active region 10977, possibly associated with the source of nascent slow/intermediate solar wind. The correlation between the temporal profiles of the radiation intensity and Doppler shift for each emission line are analyzed. And three small regions with positive correlations for all the five emission lines are selected for a detailed analysis. In this work, Doppler blue(red) shift is defined as negative(positive). We find that in Region 1, the radiation intensity(Doppler velocity) decreases by about 15%(about 3 km s-1), and logarithmical differential emission measures(lg(DEMs)) reduces by about 0.06–0.10% at all temperatures, called 'weak dimming', during a 30-min interval. In Region 2 and Region 3, however, the radiation intensity(Doppler velocity) increases by about 15%(about 3 km s-1), and lg(DEMs) increases by about 0.06%–0.10% at all temperatures, called 'weak brightening'. Such weak dimming(weak brightening) could reflect a slow draining(replenishing) of plasma in the solar wind flux tubes, possibly due to a larger(smaller) outflow flux at high altitude than at low altitude. These suggest that the plasma supply could be intermittent with an alternation of draining and replenishing, for which the underlying physical process is yet unknown, at the source region of slow/intermediate solar wind. | ZHANG JingBo HE JianSen YAN LiMei TU ChuanYi WANG LingHua WANG Xin | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Research Advances of Solar Corona and Interplanetary Physics in China: 2012–2014显示文摘Solar transients and their related interplanetary counterparts have severe effects on the space environments of the Earth. Therefore, the research of solar corona and interplanetary physics has become the focus of study for both solar and space scientists. Considerable progress has been achieved in these aspects by the solar and space physics community of China during 2012–2014, which will be given in this report. The brief report summarizes the research advances of solar corona and interplanetary physics into the following parts: solar wind origin and turbulence, coronal waves and seismology, solar eruptions, solar energetic particle and galactic cosmic ray, magnetic reconnection,Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) models and their applications, waves and structures in solar wind,propagation of ICMEs/shocks and their arrival time predictions. These research achievements have been achieved by Chinese solar and space scientists independently or via international collaborations. | ZHAO Xinhua WANG Yuming YAN Yihua CHEN Yao CHENG Xin HE Jiansen QIN Gang | 2014 | 空间科学学报2014，34，5： | 0 |
| 8 | Genome degradation promotes Salmonella pathoadaptation by remodeling fimbriae-mediated proinflammatory response显示文摘Understanding changes in pathogen behavior(e.g.increased virulence,a shift in transmission channel)is critical for the public health management of emerging infectious diseases.Genome degradation via gene depletion or inactivation is recognized as a pathoadaptive feature of the pathogen evolving with the host.However,little is known about the exact role of genome degradation in affecting pathogenic behavior,and the underlying molecular detail has yet to be examined.Using large-scale global avian-restricted Salmonella genomes spanning more than a century,we projected the genetic diversity of Salmonella Pullorum(bvSP)by showing increasingly antimicrobial-resistant ST92 prevalent in Chinese flocks.The phylogenomic analysis identified three lineages in bvSP,with an enhancement of virulence in the two recently emerged lineages(L2/L3),as evidenced in chicken and embryo infection assays.Notably,the ancestor L1 lineage resembles the Salmonella serovars with higher metabolic flexibilities and more robust environmental tolerance,indicating stepwise evolutionary trajectories towards avian-restricted lineages.Pan-genome analysis pinpointed fimbrial degradation from a virulent lineage.The later engineeredfim-deletion mutant,and all other five fimbrial systems,revealed behavior switching that restricted horizontal fecal-oral transmission but boosted virulence in chicks.By depleting fimbrial appendages,bvSP established persistent replication with less proinflammation in chick macrophages and adopted vertical transovarial transmission,accompanied by ever-increasing intensification in the poultry industry.Together,we uncovered a previously unseen paradigm for remodeling bacterial surface appendages that supplements virulence-enhanced evolution with increased vertical transmission. | Xiao Zhou Xiamei Kang Jiaqi Chen Yan Song Chenghao Jia Lin Teng Yanting Tang Zhijie Jiang Xianqi Peng Xiaoxi Tao Yiwei Xu Linlin Huang Xuebin Xu Yaohui Xu Tengfei Zhang Shenye Yu Jiansen Gong Shaohui Wang Yuqing Liu Guoqiang Zhu Corinna Kehrenberg Franois-Xavier Weill Paul Barrow Yan Li Guoping Zhao Min Yue | 2023 | National Science Review2023，10，10： | 0 |
| 9 | Observational evidences of wave excitation and inverse cascade in a distant Earth foreshock region显示文摘The foreshock with nascent plasma turbulence is regarded as a fascinating region to understand basic plasma physical processes, e.g., wave-particle interactions as well as wave-wave couplings. Although there have been plenty of intensive studies on this topic, some key clues about the physical processes still lack observations. A relatively comprehensive case study with some new observations is presented in this work based on the WIND spacecraft observations. In this case, upstream energetic protons were drifting at tens of Alfvén speed with respect to the background plasma protons. When looking at the magnetic wave activities, we find the co-existence of high-frequency(0.1-0.5 Hz) large-amplitude right-hand polarized(RHP) waves and lowfrequency(0.02-0.1 Hz) small-amplitude left-hand polarized(LHP) waves in the spacecraft(SC) frame. The observed anticorrelation between magnetic and velocity fluctuations along with the sunward magnetic field direction indicates that the lowfrequency LHP waves in the SC frame are in fact the sunward upstream RHP Alfvénic waves in the solar wind frame. This new observation corroborates the applicability of theories about plasma non-resonance instability and inverse cascade to the foreshock region, where the downstream high-frequency RHP parent waves are excited by the upstream energetic protons through non-resonance instability and the low-frequency RHP daughter waves are generated by the parent waves due to nonlinear parametric instability. Furthermore, enhanced downstream energetic proton fluxes are inferred to result from scattering of the upstream protons by the nascent turbulent fluctuations. Therefore, some critical clues about the newborn turbulence in the foreshock are provided in this work. | Jiansen HE Die DUAN Xingyu ZHU Limei YAN Linghua WANG | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，4： | 0 |
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