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| 1 | 肛裂临床诊治指南(第三次修订)显示文摘“美国结直肠外科医师协会(American Societyof ColonandRectal Surgeons.ASCRS)”(协会)致力于推进结直肠和肛门疾病的相关理论以及预防和诊疗水平的提高,给患者提供优质的医疗服务。“标准委员会”由协会中在结直肠外科方面有显著专长的成员组成。该委员会的建立是为了引领国际结直肠和肛门疾病诊治的发展,以建立具有循证医学证据的临床诊疗指南。指南是涵盖性的,非指令性的,目的是为临床决策提供信息,而非具体的治疗方法。指南适用于所有相关的医护人员以及希望得到相应指南中疾病的相关诊治信息的患者。 | Farshid Araghizadeh ~ Robin Boushey Sridhar Chalasani George Chang Robert Cima Gary Dunn Daniel Feingold Philip Fleshner Daniel Geisler Jill Genua Sharon Gregorcyk Daniel Herzig Andreas Kaiser Ravin Kumar David Larson Steven Mills John Monson P. Terry Phang Feza Remzi David Rivadeneira Howard Ross Peter Senatore Elin Sigurdson Thomas Stahl Scott Steele Scott Strong Charles Tement Judith Trudel Madhulika Varnna Martin Weiser 丁义江(译) 皇甫少华(译) 丁曙晴(译) | 2013 | 中华胃肠外科杂志2013，16，7： | 70 |
| 2 | Therapeutic targeting of epidermal growth factor receptor in human cancer: successes and limitations显示文摘Epidermal growth fac tor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most commonly altered genes in human cancer by way of over-expression, amplification, and mutation. Targeted inhibition of EGFR activity suppresses signal transduction pathways which control tumor cell growth, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies are among the most common EGFR-targeting agents and have been used clinically for treating various malignancies. This review discusses the successes and challenges of targeting EGFR in human cancer. The genetic alterations of EGFR tend to occur more often in some solid tumors than others, as do the mechanisms of resistance to targeted inhibition. The clinical and basic science experiences with these agents thus far have important implications for the future of therapeutic targeting of EGFR. | Jill Wykosky Tim Fenton Frank Furnari Webster K. Cavenee | 2011 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2011，30，1： | 24 |
| 3 | Disaster preparedness, pediatric considerations in primary blast injury, chemical, and biological terrorism显示文摘Both domestic and foreign terror incidents are an unfortunate outgrowth of our modern times from the Oklahoma City bombings, Sarin gas attacks in Japan, the Madrid train bombing, anthrax spores in the mail, to the World Trade Center on September 11 th, 2001. The modalities used to perpetrate these terrorist acts range from conventional weapons to high explosives, chemical weapons, and biological weapons all of which have been used in the recent past. While these weapons platforms can cause significant injury requiring critical care the mechanism of injury, pathophysiology and treatment of these injuries are unfamiliar to many critical care providers. Additionally the pediatric population is particularly vulnerable to these types of attacks. In the event of a mass casualty incident both adult and pediatric critical care practitioners will likely be called upon to care for children and adults alike. We will review the presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of victims of blast injury, chemical weapons, and biological weapons. The focus will be on those injuries not commonly encountered in critical care practice, primary blast injuries, category A pathogens likely to be used in terrorist incidents, and chemical weapons including nerve agents, vesicants, pulmonary agents, cyanide, and riot control agents with special attention paid to pediatric specific considerations. | Mitchell Hamele William Bradley Poss Jill Sweney | 2014 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2014，3，1： | 14 |
| 4 | Treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction with endoscopically placed self-expandable metal stents显示文摘Malignant gastroduodenal obstruction can occur in up to 20%of patients with primary pancreatic,gastric or duodenal carcinomas.Presenting symptoms include nausea,vomiting,abdominal distention,pain and decreased oral intake which can lead to dehydration, malnutrition,and poor quality of life.Endoscopic stent placement has become the primary therapeutic modality because it is safe,minimally invasive,and a cost-effective option for palliation.Stents can be successfully deployed in the majority of patients. Stent placement appears to lead to a shorter time to symptomatic improvement,shorter time to resumption of an oral diet,and shorter hospital stays as compared with surgical options.Recurrence of the obstructive symptoms resulting from stent occlusion,due to tumor ingrowth or overgrowth,can be successfully treated with repeat endoscopic stent placement in the majority of the cases.Both endoscopic stenting and surgical bypass are considered palliative treatments and,to date,no improvement in survival with either modality has been demonstrated.A tailored therapeutic approach,taking into consideration patient preferences and involving a multidisciplinary team including the therapeutic endoscopist,surgeon,medical oncologist, radiation therapist,and interventional radiologist, should be considered in all cases. | Jill KJ Gaidos Peter V Draganov | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，35： | 12 |
| 5 | Metabolic and Phenotypic Responses of Greenhouse-Grown Maize Hybrids to Experimentally Controlled Drought Stress显示文摘到象干旱一样的不能生活的压力的改编是农业上的重要获得相关庄稼相似玉米。在在干旱是一个很主导的应力因素的气候的地区种的庄稼的提高的干旱公差的开发因此在植物繁殖起一个必要作用。以前的研究证明玉米收益潜力和提高的压力忍耐是联系特点。在这研究,我们为他们在一个温室实验处理干旱应力的能力分析了六个不同玉米混血儿。我们能从从不同机关与新陈代谢的数据在浇得好的条件下面并且在水限制下面测量的 morphophysiological 参数联合数据。这些不同机关拥有了不同代谢物作文,与显示最可观的 metabolome 变化追随者水缺乏的叶片。虽然我们能在干旱应力下面在代谢物层次显示出一般增加,包括在 TCA 周期的氨基酸,糖,糖白酒,和中介变化,这些变化不在以前基于领域试用数据被指定了为干旱容忍或易受影响的玉米混血儿之间是微分的。这里描述的数据与相当不同的生长源于一个温室实验的事实调节与相比这个领域里的可以解释忍耐为什么组织的天赋不能在这研究被证实。然而,我们能加亮象其层次某些生理的特点地相关很好的代谢物一样显示了保存回答到干旱的几代谢物。 | Sandra Witt Luis Galicia Jan Lisec Jill Cairns Axel Tiessen Jose Luis Araus Natalia Palacios-Rojas Alisdair R. Fernie | 2012 | Molecular Plant2012，5，2： | 12 |
| 6 | Tai Ji Quan as antihypertensive lifestyle therapy:A systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘Background:Professional health organizations are not currently recommending Tai Ji Quan alongside aerobic exercise to treat hypertension.We aimed to examine the efficacy of Tai Ji Quan as antihypertensive lifestyle therapy.Methods:Tai Ji Quan interventions published in English and Chinese were included when they involved healthy adults,reported pre-and postintervention blood pressure(BP),and had a non-exercise/non-diet control group.We systematically searched 11 electronic databases for studies published through July 31,2018,yielding 31 qualifying controlled trials.We(1)evaluated the risk of bias and methodological study quality,(2)performed meta-regression analyses following random-effects assumptions,and(3)generated additive models representing the largest possible clinically relevant BP reductions.Results:Participants(n=3223)were middle-aged(56.6±15.1 years of age,mean±SD)adults with prehypertension(systolic BP(SBP)=136.9±15.2 mmHg,diastolic BP(DBP)=83.4±8.7 mmHg).Tai Ji Quan was practiced 4.0±1.4 sessions/week for 54.0§10.6 min/session for 22.3±20.2 weeks.Overall,Tai Ji Quan elicited significant reductions in SBP(-11.3 mmHg,95%CI:-14.6 to-8.0;d+=-0.75)and DBP(-4.8 mmHg,95%CI:-6.4 to-3.1;d+=-0.53)vs.control(p<0.001).Controlling for publication bias among samples with hypertension,Tai Ji Quan trials published in English elicited SBP reductions of 10.4 mmHg and DBP reductions of 4.0 mmHg,which was half the magnitude of trials published in Chinese(SBP reductions of 18.6 mmHg and DBP reductions of 8.8 mmHg).Conclusion:Our results indicate that Tai Ji Quan is a viable antihypertensive lifestyle therapy that produces clinically meaningful BP reductions(i.e.,10.4 mmHg and 4.0 mmHg of SBP and DBP reductions,respectively)among individuals with hypertension.Such magnitude of BP reductions can lower the incidence of cardiovascular disease by up to 40%. | Yin Wu Blair T.Johnson Shiqi Chen Yiyang Chen Jill Livingston Linda S.Pescatello | 2021 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2021，10，2： | 11 |
| 7 | Moisture and temperature controls on nitrification differ among ammonia oxidizer communities from three alpine soil habitats显示文摘气候变化正在改变在许多 highelevation 生态系统预定和 biogeochemical 流动的大小。处于高山的氮的硝化作用率的作为结果的变化有潜力影响生态系统规模回答。为了更好理解变化温度和潮湿怎么调节,可以影响氨氧化剂和氮的硝化作用活动,我们在从三个高山的产地(冰川的冰川边碛外的沉积,距骨,和草地) 在一个科罗拉多分水岭收集的土壤上进行了实验室孵化。我们发现细菌,不是 archaea,统治了所有氨氧化剂社区。氮的硝化作用在所有土壤并且在所有温度处理下面与潮湿增加了。然而,温度没在所有土壤与氮的硝化作用率被相关。地点特定的温度趋势在土壤建议通晓各方面知识经验丰富的人氨 oxidzer 社区的发展与在在有更稳定的温度政体的土壤的 situ 温度变化和专家更大。很快增加的温度和变化土壤潮湿条件能在一些高山的土壤解释增加的硝酸盐生产的最近的观察。 | Brooke B. OSBORNE Jill S. BARON Matthew D. WALLENSTEIN | 2016 | Frontiers of Earth Science2016，10，1： | 8 |
| 8 | 迟发性听觉剥夺效应及与助听器佩戴的关系(英文)显示文摘脑的认知功能依赖于外周神经系统的感觉输入 ,在听觉系统中 ,外周听器损伤可以立即导致与损伤程度密切相关的听觉功能障碍 ,从而严重影响言语识别能力。本文所讨论迟发性听觉剥夺效应 (Late onsetanditorydeprivation)与听力损失程度无关。例如 ,对称性听力损失患者如果单耳佩戴助听器 ,一段时间以后 ,助听耳的言语识别能力将得以改善 ,但这种改善并非在佩戴助听器后立即发生 ,因此不能简单归因于听觉放大本身 ,相反 ,非助听耳的言语识别能力却发生与听力损失无关的进一步下降。这种迟发性听觉剥夺效应源于外周信号输入改变后听觉中枢功能的改变 ,是使用依赖性认知功能重塑的结果。但迟发性听觉剥夺效应不会发生在双耳佩戴助听器的患者。本文对多种迟发性听觉剥夺效应的认识发展过程、可逆性以及可能的机制进行了系统回顾分析 ,并对迟发性听觉剥夺效应对助听器佩戴的影响、今后的研究发展方向以及其临床应用价值进行了探讨。 | Jill Iles | 2003 | 听力学及言语疾病杂志2003，11，1： | 7 |
| 9 | Osteoclastic and pleomorphic giant cell tumors of the pancreas:A review of clinical,endoscopic,and pathologic features显示文摘Giant cell tumors of the pancreas come in three varieties-osteoclastic,pleomorphic,and mixed histology.These tumors have distinctive endoscopic,clinical,and cytological features.Giant cell tumors have a controversial histogenesis,with some authors favoring an epithelial origin and others favoring a mesenchymal origin.The true origin of these lesions remains unclear at this time.These are also very rare tumors but proper identification and differentiation from more common pancreatic adenocarcinoma is important.The risk factors of these tumors and the prognosis may be different from those associated with standard pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Recognition of these differences can significantly affect patient care.These lesions have a unique appearance when imaged with endoscopic ultrasound(EUS),and these lesions can be diagnosed via EUS guided Fine Needle Aspiration(FNA).This manuscript will review the endoscopic,clinical,and pathologic features of these tumors. | Jill C Moore Joel S Bentz Kristen Hilden Douglas G Adler | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010，2，1： | 7 |
| 10 | Comparison of esophageal capsule endoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy for diagnosis of esophageal varices显示文摘AIM: To investigate the utility of esophageal capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis and grading of esophageal varices. METHODS: Cirrhotic patients who were undergo-ing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for variceal screening or surveillance underwent capsule endos-copy. Two separate blinded investigators read each capsule endoscopy for the following results: variceal grade, need for treatment with variceal banding or prophylaxis with beta-blocker therapy, degree of portal hypertensive gastropathy, and gastric varices. RESULTS: Fifty patients underwent both capsule and EGD. Forty-eight patients had both procedures on the same day, and 2 patients had capsule endoscopy within 72 h of EGD. The accuracy of capsule endos- copy to decide on the need for prophylaxis was 74%, with sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 82%. Inter-rater agreement was moderate (kappa = 0.56). Agree-ment between EGD and capsule endoscopy on grade of varices was 0.53 (moderate). Inter-rater reliability was good (kappa = 0.77). In diagnosis of portal hyper-tensive gastropathy, accuracy was 57%, with sensitiv-ity of 96% and specificity of 17%. Two patients had gastric varices seen on EGD, one of which was seen on capsule endoscopy. There were no complications from capsule endoscopy.CONCLUSION: We conclude that capsule endoscopy has a limited role in deciding which patients would benefit from EGD with banding or beta-blocker thera-py. More data is needed to assess accuracy for staging esophageal varices, PHG, and the detection of gastric varices. | Catherine T Frenette John G Kuldau Donald J Hillebrand Jill Lane Paul J Pockros | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，28： | 7 |
| 11 | “梦想”普通话标准化评估在听障儿童语言测试中的应用显示文摘目的本文讨论了用口语交流的听障儿童语言发展效果评估的最新实证。方法研究强调,语言评估须足够具体,才能捕捉到细微的词汇及语法缺陷。'普通话听力理解和表达能力标准化评估'(Diagnostic Receptive and Expressive Assessment of Mandarin,DREAM,译为'梦想')抓住儿童普通话习得的核心特征,是基于中国大陆地区的普通话儿童来建立常模的综合性的语言测试,可以测量中国大陆儿童在各个年龄阶段的语言技能。声音和图片通过平板电脑呈现,答案以触屏的方式进行记录,减少了人为差异,使操作更加标准化。结果本文报告了DREAM的题目设计、信度和效度研究等内容。试验研究显示,该测试可提供听障儿童语言发展的详细信息。测试可提供诊断儿童具体语言发育缺陷的报告,用来指导康复计划的制定,使更加个性化的康复干预成为可能。结论 DREAM是转化科学的成功范例——把科研结果从语言习得的循证研究转移到临床评估和干预康复的应用领域。以循证医学为基础的综合性普通话语言测试将推动中国听障儿童干预和康复的效果评估研究。 | 刘雪曼 de Villiers,Jill 宁春岩 Rolfhus,Eric Hutchings,Teresa Lee,Wendy 江帆 章依文 | 2015 | 中华耳科学杂志2015，13，4： | 7 |
| 12 | Immune mediators in the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer显示文摘Prostate cancer tissue is composed of both cancer cells and host cells.The milieu of host components that compose the tumor is termed the tumor microenvironment(TME).Host cells can be those derived from the tissue in which the tumor originates(e.g.,fibroblasts and endothelial cells)or those recruited,through chemotactic or other factors,to the tumor(e.g.,circulating immune cells).Some immune cells are key players in the TME and represent a large proportion of non-tumor cells found within the tumor.Immune cells can have both anti-tumor and pro-tumor activity.In addition,crosstalk between prostate cancer cells and immune cells affects immune cell functions.In this review,we focus on immune cells and cytokines that contribute to tumor progression.We discuss T-regulatory and T helper17 cells and macrophages as key modulators in prostate cancer progression.In addition,we discuss the roles of interleukin-6 and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand in modulating prostate cancer progression.This review highlights the concept that immune cells and cytokines offer a potentially promising target for prostate cancer therapy. | Jinlu Dai Yi Lu Hernan Roca Jill M. Keller Jian Zhang Laurie K. McCauley Evan T. Keller | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2017，36，3： | 6 |
| 13 | Biliary complications following liver transplantation: Singlecenter experience over three decades and recent risk factors显示文摘AIM To identify independent risk factors for biliary complications in a center with three decades of experience in liver transplantation.METHODS A total of 1607 consecutive liver transplantations were analyzed in a retrospective study. Detailed subset analysis was performed in 417 patients, which have been transplanted since the introduction of Model of End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD)-based liver allocation. Risk factors for the onset of anastomotic biliary complications were identified with multivariable binary logisticregression analyses. The identified risk factors in regression analyses were compiled into a prognostic model. The applicability was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analyses with the log rank test were applied where appropriate. RESULTS Biliary complications were observed in 227 cases(14.1%). Four hundred and seventeen(26%) transplantations were performed after the introduction of MELD-based donor organ allocation. Since then, 21%(n = 89) of the patients suffered from biliary complications, which are further categorized into anastomotic bile leaks [46%(n = 41)], anastomotic strictures [25%(n = 22)], cholangitis [8%(n = 7)] and non-anastomotic strictures [3%(n = 3)]. The remaining 18%(n = 16) were not further classified. After adjustment for all univariably significant variables, the recipient MELD-score at transplantation(P = 0.006; OR = 1.035; 95%CI: 1.010-1.060), the development of hepatic artery thrombosis post-operatively(P = 0.019; OR = 3.543; 95%CI: 1.233-10.178), as well as the donor creatinine prior to explantation(P = 0.010; OR = 1.003; 95%CI: 1.001-1.006) were revealed as independent risk factors for biliary complications. The compilation of these identified risk factors into a prognostic model was shown to have good prognostic abilities in the investigated cohort with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.702.CONCLUSION The parallel occurrence of high recipient MELD and impaired donor kidney function should be avoided. Risk is especially increased when post-transplant hepatic artery thrombosis occurs. | Alexander Kaltenborn André Gutcke Jill Gwiasda Jürgen Klempnauer Harald Schrem | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，3： | 6 |
| 14 | Decision modelling for economic evaluation of liver transplantation显示文摘As the gap between a shortage of organs and the immense demand for liver grafts persists, every available donor liver needs to be optimized for utility, urgency and equity. To overcome this challenge, decision modelling might allow us to gather evidence from previous studies as well as compare the costs and consequences of alternative options. For public health policy and clinical intervention assessment, it is a potentially powerful tool. The most commonly used types of decision analytical models include decision trees, the Markov model, microsimulation, discrete event simulation and the system dynamic model. Analytic models could support decision makers in the field of liver transplantation when facing specific problems by synthesizing evidence, comprising all relevant options, generalizing results to other contexts, extending the time horizon and exploring the uncertainty. For modeling studies of economic evaluation for transplantation, understanding the current nature of the disease is crucial, as well as the selection of appropriate modelling techniques. The quality and availability of data is another key element for the selection and development of decision analytical models. In addition, good practice guidelines should be complied, which is important for standardization and comparability between economic outputs. | Zhi Qu Christian Krauth Volker Eric Amelung Alexander Kaltenborn Jill Gwiasda Lena Harries Jan Beneke Harald Schrem Sebastian Liersch | 2018 | World Journal of Hepatology2018，10，11： | 6 |
| 15 | Functional Demarcation of Active and Silent Chromatin Domains in Human HOX Loci by Noncoding RNAs显示文摘 | John L. Rinn Michael Kertesz Jordon K. Wang Sharon L. Squazzo Xiao Xu Samantha A. Brugmann L. Henry Goodnough Jill A. Helms Peggy J. Farnham Eran Segal Howard Y. Chang | 2007 | Cell2007，，7： | 6 |
| 16 | 土壤细菌培养基的筛选和评价显示文摘采用平板计数和细胞磷脂脂肪酸分析两种方法,评价了不同培养基分离筛选土壤细菌总量、G^+细菌、G^-细菌的效果,并筛选出分离土壤细菌、G^+细菌和G^-细菌相应的比较理想的培养基。 | 唐玉霞 范丙全 Jill Clapperton | 1999 | 河北农业科学1999，3，2： | 6 |
| 17 | Androgen-deprivation therapy-induced aggressive prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation显示文摘大多数前列腺癌症(PCas ) 作为 acinar 类型被分类(常规) 有包括雄激素受体(AR ) 和前列腺特定的抗原(PSA ) 的表示的钠区别的肿瘤房间镇静的腺癌。在腺癌的每种情况中有也散布的 neuroendocrine (NE ) 房间。NE 房间是 quiesecent,不表示 AR 或 PSA,并且他们的功能仍然保持不清楚。我们证明了那条 IL8-CXCR2-P53 小径提供一个生长禁止的信号并且把 NE 房间放在良性的前列腺和腺癌静止。有趣地,在神经质的治疗,和如此的肿瘤由是的纯 NE 房间组成以后,有腺癌的历史的一些病人与小房间 neuroendocrine 癌(SCNC ) 复发高度 proliferative 并且好攻击,由于 P53 变化和 IL8-CXCR2-P53 小径的 inactivation。SCNC 的发生将多半由于进一步禁止 AR 功能或 intratumoral 雄激素合成的新奇的药的普遍使用增加。阶段 II 试用证明了基于铂的化疗可能为如此的导致治疗的肿瘤是有用的。 | Julia Lipianskaya Alexa Cohen Clark J Chen Elaine Hsia Jill Squires Zhen Li Yaqun Zhang Wei Li Xufeng Chen Hua Xu Jiaoti Huang | 2014 | Asian Journal of Andrology2014，16，4： | 6 |
| 18 | Neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer显示文摘 | Zhen Li Clark J Chen Jason K Wang Elaine Hsia Wei Li Jill Squires Yin Sun Jiaoti Huang | 2013 | Asian Journal of Andrology2013，15，3： | 5 |
| 19 | 反馈式家庭干预对婴幼儿语言和认知发育的促进作用显示文摘目的探讨反馈式家庭干预对婴幼儿语言和认知发育的影响,以及这种干预方式的可行性和家长的接受度。方法以22名4~30月龄的语言发育正常儿童及其家庭为研究对象。入组后,对儿童进行为期6个月的反馈式家庭干预,干预前后应用'贝利婴幼儿发育量表(Bayley Scales of Infant Development-I,BSID)'评估其语言和认知发育,父母填写反馈问卷。结果通过为期6个月的家庭干预,90%以上的家长认为LENA录音容易实施,不影响其日常生活;在各项干预措施中家长培训对其帮助最大,其次是LENA录音;经过1个月干预,22名儿童的成人-儿童对话轮换数较基线提高9%,前3个月平均增长6%;基线时对话轮换数较低的50%一组,在干预后1个月和前3个月时分别提高34%和26%。22名婴幼儿的智力发育指数(mental development index,MDI)平均提高19.69±16.91,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论反馈式家庭干预有较好的可行性和家长接受度,并可有效促进正常发育婴幼儿的语言和认知发育。 | 徐小娟 茅红美 江帆 Jill Gilkerson Dongxin Xu 忻怡 肖蕾 章依文 | 2014 | 中国儿童保健杂志2014，22，3： | 5 |
| 20 | MELD score,insulin-like growth factor 1 and cytokines on bone density in end-stage liver disease显示文摘AIM:To determine the contributions of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1),cytokines and liver disease severity to bone mineral density in patients pre-transplantation.METHODS:Serum IGF-1,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured and the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score calculated in 121 adult patients referred to a single centre for liver transplantation.Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were assessed via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.Demographics,liver disease etiology,medication use and relevant biochemistry were recorded.RESULTS:A total of 117 subjects were included,with low BMD seen in 68.6%,irrespective of disease etiol-ogy.In multivariable analysis,low body mass index (BMI),increased bone turnover and low IGF-1 were independent predictors of low spinal bone density.At the hip,BMI,IGF-1 and vitamin D status were predictive.Despite prevalent elevations of TNFα and IL-6,levels did not correlate with degree of bone loss.The MELD score failed to predict low BMD in this pre-transplant population.CONCLUSION:Osteopenia/osteoporosis is common in advanced liver disease.Low serum IGF-1 is weakly predictive but serum cytokine and MELD score fail to predict the severity of bone disease. | Rebecca Mitchell Jill McDermid Mang M Ma Constance L Chik | 2011 | World Journal of Hepatology2011，3，6： | 5 |
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