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| 1 | Food resources of the Khog Gzung site on the Tibetan Plateau revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA显示文摘Traditional zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical methods based on morphological identification of the excavated faunal and floral remains have been broadly used in reconstructing ancient subsistence economies. However, the accuracy and reliability of these methods rely heavily on the preservation state of the remains. By sequencing the ancient DNA of plants,animals, and microorganisms preserved in sediment, sedimentary ancient DNA(sedaDNA) now offers a novel approach for reconstructing the taxa composition dated back to hundreds of thousands of years. Yet, its application in open-air archaeological sites is rarely reported. In this study, we attempted to apply sedaDNA shotgun metagenomics on the archaeological deposits of the Khog Gzung site(an open-air site dated to 3160–2954 cal yr BP) on the Tibetan Plateau, and then compared the reconstructed taxonomic composition to the unearthed remains. Results showed that most of the crops and domestic animals identified by the two approaches, such as barley(Hordeum vulgare) and sheep(Ovis aries), are in general consistent. Some species, such as foxtail millet(Setaria italica), however, were only detected by sedaDNA. In addition, a variety of microorganisms were also detected by the sedaDNA. The two approaches combined revealed diversified food resources at the Khog Gzung site, which included crops such as millet, barley and wheat, domestic animals such as sheep and cattle, and likely also wild animals from fishing and hunting. Our data proves that sedaDNA has a great potential in reconstructing the faunal and floral compositions from archaeological deposits, therefore laying the foundation for its border applications. | Zhengquan GU Yu GAO Yiru WANG Jishuai YANG Jingkun RAN Xiaoyan YANG Wangdue SHARGAN Mikkel W.PEDERSEN Guilian SHENG Yucheng WANG Fahu CHEN | 2023 | Science China Earth Sciences2023，66，4： | 0 |
| 2 | Fabrication and Characterization of Sulfonate-containing Polystyrene/CaCO_(3) Core-shell Nanoparticles显示文摘Polystyrene(PSt)seed latex was first prepared via soap-free emulsion polymerization in the presence of a small amount of methacrylic acid using ammonium persulfate as initiator,and then seeded emulsion polymerization of sodium 4-styrenesulfonate(NaSS)and St was carried out to synthesize P(St-NaSS)core latex using 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator.After that,P(St-NaSS)/CaCO_(3) core-shell nanoparticles were fabricated by sequentially introducing Ca(OH)_(2) aqueous solution and CO_(2) gas into the core latex.The morphology of the core and core-shell nanoparticles was characterized by dynamic light scattering(DLS)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and the state of CaCO_(3) shell was confirmed with high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope(HR-STEM)and selected area electron diffraction(SAED).Results showed that PNaSS chains were successfully grafted onto the PSt seed surface,and length of the PNaSS“hairs”could be modulated by adjusting NaSS amount.Sulfonic groups of the PNaSS hairs served as additives in the formation and stabilization of amorphous CaCO_(3)(ACC)and prevented ACC from sequent transformation into crystalline states.The amount of the anchored CaCO_(3) increased with the growth of PNaSS hair length,and reached 51 wt%(by thermalgravimetric analysis)under the optimal encapsulating temperature of 45℃.Moreover,the forming mechanism of P(St-NaSS)/CaCO_(3) coreshell nanoparticles was proposed. | Yang Hu Jishuai Wang Guanzhi Cheng Jie Shen Chengyou Kan | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Chemistry2014，32，7： | 0 |
| 3 | Indica rice spread to the Tibetan Plateau in the 700s CE显示文摘Asian cultivated rice(Oryza sativa)has two main subspecies,indica(O.sativa sub.indica)and japonica(O.sativa sub.japonica).Japonica rice was domesticated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China,while indica appeared around 4000 a BP in northern south Asia after hybridization between introduced japonica and indigenous proto-indica.When and how indica rice spread into China is still barely understood,although it is cultivated widely in southern China today.Here we report on the earliest,definite indica rice remains in China,including charred seeds,phytoliths,and ancient DNA,from the newly investigated Kongsangqiao site at an elevation of 2676 m above sea level in Tibet,along with a charcoal study that reveals the vegetation and climate during of human occupation.AMS radiocarbon dating of charred indica rice grains suggests the remains are from the 8th century(700s CE).The dominant identified charcoal fragments are Himalayan pine(Pinus wallichiana),from which a rather cold climate is inferred where indica rice could not be grown in situ,suggesting it was likely brought to the site.Both archaeological and literature records thus support that indica rice,fully domesticated in northern south Asia,had spread to the southern margin of the Tibetan Plateau via parts of the ancient Tang-Tubo Road,Tubo-Nepal Road,by at least the 8th century CE. | Qingli SUN Qi YANG Yu GAO Zhengquan GU Jishuai YANG Shuzhi WANG Zhikun MA Yan TONG Xiaoyan YANG | 2022 | Science China Earth Sciences2022，65，12： | 0 |
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