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| 1 | Progress in China's Unconventional Oil & Gas Exploration and Development and Theoretical Technologies显示文摘The new century has witnessed a strategic breakthrough in unconventional oil & gas.Hydrocarbon accumulated in micro-/nano-scale pore throat shale systems has become an important domain that could replace current oil & gas resources.Unconventional oil & gas plays an increasingly important role in our energy demand.Tight gas,CBM,heavy oil and asphaltic sand have served as a key domain of exploration & development,with tight oil becoming a 'bright spot' domain and shale gas becoming a 'hotspot' domain.China has made great breakthroughs in unconventional oil & gas resources,such as tight gas,shale gas,tight oil and CBM,and great progress in oil shale,gas hydrate,heavy oil and oil sand.China has an estimated(223-263)×10~8t of unconventional oil resources and(890-1260)×l0^(12)m^3 of gas resources.China has made a breakthrough for progress in unconventional oil & gas study.New progress achieved in fine-grained sedimentary studies related to continental open lacustrine basin large-scale shallow-water delta sand bodies,lacustrine basin central sandy clastic flow sediments and marine-continental fine-grained sediments provide a theoretical basis for the formation and distribution of basin central reservoir bodies.Great breakthroughs have been made in unconventional reservoir geology in respect of research methodology & technology,multi-scale data merging and physical simulation of formation conditions.Overall characterization of unconventional reservoirs via multi-method and multi-scale becomes increasingly popular and facilitates the rapid development of unconventional oil & gas geological theory,method and technology.The formation of innovative,continuous hydrocarbon accumulation theory,the establishment of the framework of the unconventional oil & gas geological theory system,and the determination of the implications,geological feature,formation mechanism,distribution rule and core technology of unconventional oil& gas geological study lays a theoretical foundation for extensive unconventional oil & gas exploration and development.Theories and technologies of unconventional oil & gas exploration and development developed rapidly,including some key evaluation techniques such as 'sweet spot zone' integrated evaluation and a six-property evaluation technique that uses hydrocarbon source,lithology,physical property,brittleness,hydrocarbon potential and stress anisotropy,and some key development &engineering technologies including micro-seismic monitoring,horizontal drilling & completion and 'factory-like' operation pattern, 'man-made reservoir' development,which have facilitated the innovative development of unconventional oil & gas.These breakthroughs define a new understanding in four aspects:①theoretical innovation;② key technologies;③ complete market mechanism and national policy support;and ④ well-developed ground infrastructure,which are significant for prolonging the life cycle of petroleum industry,accelerating the upgrade and development of theories and technologies and altering the global traditional energy structure. | ZOU Caineng YANG Zhi ZHU Rukai ZHANG Guosheng HOU Lianhua WU Songtao TAO Shizhen YUAN Xuanjun DONG Dazhong WANG Yuman WANG Lan HUANG Jinliang WANG Shufang | 2015 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2015，89，3： | 27 |
| 2 | Numerical simulation of influence of Langmuir adsorption constant on gas drainage radius of drilling in coal seam显示文摘To determine reasonable distance of gas pre-drainage drillings in coal seams, a solid–gas coupling model that takes gas adsorption effect into account was constructed. In view of different adsorption constants,the paper conducted the numerical simulation of pre-drainage gas in drillings along coal seam, studied the relationship of adsorption constants and permeability, gas pressure, and effective drainage radius of coal seams, and applied the approach to the layout of pre-drainage gas drillings in coal seams. The results show that the permeability of coal seams is on the gradual increase with time, which is divided into three sections according to the increase rate: the drainage time 0–30 d is the sharp increase section;30–220 d is the gradual increase section; and the time above 200 d is the stable section. The permeability of coal seams is in negative linear and positive exponent relation with volume adsorption constant VLand pressure adsorption constant PL, respectively. The effective drainage radius is in negative linear relation with VLand in positive exponent relation with PL. Compared with the former design scheme, the engineering quantity of drilling could be reduced by 25%. | Lin Haifei Huang Meng Li Shugang Zhang Chao Cheng Lianhua | 2016 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2016，26，3： | 10 |
| 3 | Hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism and structure of largescale volcanic weathering crust of the Carboniferous in northern Xinjiang,China显示文摘上面在北 Xinjiang 含碳,中国在 post-collisional 消沉被形成并且折叠结构的设定。在一个宽区域上在上面的含碳的、暴烈的岩石和来源岩石以内轮流出现。在结束含碳,这些层被板碰撞高举并且随后捱过并且沥滤。暴烈的捱过并且沥滤导致了能被划分成五层的捱过的外壳的建立。腐蚀并且在这些层形式弄碎地区有利水库。在亚在空中形成的暴烈的捱过外壳暴露了 paleogeomorphic 区域;五相对连续的层通常在 paleogeomorphic 低地和斜坡区域被保存,但是上面的土壤层在岩石的更高的部分记录的在结构上通常是不在的。捱过的层的厚度有一种积极非线性的指数的关系到捱过并且沥滤的持续时间,并且捱过的外壳的动态平衡时间是大约 36.3 妈。最厚的捱过的层(450 m ) 位于破裂地区。捱过的外壳从有不同岩性学的暴烈的岩石的一个范围是可能的,捱过并且沥滤的给定的足够的时间。暴烈的捱过的外壳和来源岩石的联合导致烃累积模型的三种类型:(1 ) 与来源岩石暴烈的捱过的外壳 interbedded 定序,(2 ) 一个伪分层的捱过的暴烈的核心定位了上面的来源岩石,并且(3 ) 暴烈的岩石与邻近的梳状的不顺从联系了采购岩石。每这三种类型有潜力形成暴烈的捱过的外壳的一座巨大的 stratigraphic 水库。这知识改变了在暴烈的岩石中寻找有利 lithologic 和岩相地区的传统的探索模型,并且改变了观点含碳没有基因潜力是在北 Xinjiang 的盆的地下室。这里开发的概念为在暴烈的捱过的外壳上集中油和煤气的探索具有大科学意义和申请。因此,在中国的 midwestern 部分的古生代的暴烈的捱过的外壳可以可能包含大规模 stratigraphic 水库并且以后能因此是新油和煤气的探索目标。 | ZOU CaiNeng HOU LianHua TAO ShiZhen YUAN XuanJun ZHU RuKai JIA JinHua ZHANG XiangXiang LI FuHeng PANG ZhengLian | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，2： | 8 |
| 4 | High Frame Rate Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Helps Differentiate Malignant and Benign Focal Liver Lesions显示文摘Background and Aims:This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of high frame rate contrast-en-hanced ultrasound(H-CEUS)of focal liver lesions(FLLs).Methods:From July 2017 to June 2019,conventional con-trast-enhanced ultrasound(C-CEUS)and H-CEUS were per-formed in 78 patients with 78 nodules.The characteristics of C-CEUS and H-CEUS in malignant and benign groups and the differences between different lesion sizes(1-3 cm,3-5 cm,or>5 cm)of C-CEUS and H-CEUS were examined.The diagnostic performance of C-CEUS and H-CEUS was ana-lyzed.The chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to assess inter-group differences.The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to determine the diagnostic performance of C-CEUS and H-CEUS.Results:There were significant differences in the enhancement area,fill-in direc-tion and vascular architecture between C-CEUS and H-CEUS for both benign and malignant lesions(all p=0.000-0.008),but there were no significant differences in washout results(p=0.566 and p=0.684,respectively).For lesions 1-3 cm in size,the enhancement area,fill-in direction,and vascular architecture on C-CEUS and H-CEUS were significantly dif-ferent(all p=0.000),unlike for lesions 3-5 cm or>5 cm in size.For differentiation of malignant from benign FLLs in the 1-3 cm group,H-CEUS showed sensitivity,specific-ity,accuracy,and positive and negative predictive values of 92.86%,95.0%,96.3%,90.48%and 93.75%,respectively,which were higher than those for C-CEUS(75.0%,70.0%,77.78%,66.67%and 72.91%,respectively).Conclusions:H-CEUS provided more vascular information which could help differentiate malignant from benign FLLs,especially for lesions 1-3 cm in size. | Xiang Fei Peng Han Bo Jiang Lianhua Zhu Wenshuo Tian Maodong Sang Xirui Zhang Yaqiong Zhu Yukun Luo | 2022 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2022，10，1： | 8 |
| 5 | Salvianolic acid A alleviates renal injury in systemic lupus erythematosus induced by pristane in BALB/c mice显示文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of salvianolic acid A(SAA) in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) induced by pristane in BALB/c mice.Lupus mice were established by confirming elevated levels of autoantibodies and IL-6 after intraperitoneal injection of pristane.Mice were then treated with daily oral doses of SAA for 5 months in parallel with mice treated with prednisone and aspirin as positive controls.The levels of autoantibodies were monitored at monthly intervals and nephritic symptoms observed by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) staining.Western blot analysis of renal tissue was also employed.SAA treatment caused a significant reduction in the levels of anti-Sm autoantibodies and reduced renal histopathological changes and pathological effects.SAA treatment also significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IKK,IκB and NFκB in renal tissues of lupus mice.In conclusion,the results suggest that SAA alleviates renal injury in pristane-induced SLE in BALB/c mice through inhibition of phosphorylation of IKK,IκB and NFκB. | Yihuang Lin Yu Yan Huifang Zhang Yucai Chen Yangyang He Shoubao Wang Lianhua Fang Yang Lv Guanhua Du | 2017 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2017，7，2： | 8 |
| 6 | Comparative Study of Water-soluble and Alkali-soluble Hemicelluloses Extracted by Hydrothermal Pretreatment显示文摘The purpose of this study was to explore the differences of the hemicelluloses extracted by hydrothermal pretreatment using water and alkaline solutions(Na OH or KOH). The physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of two water-soluble and four alkali-soluble hemicelluloses extracted from the triploid of Populus tomentosa Carr. through the hydrothermal pretreatment were comparatively studied. It was observed that the alkalis(Na OH and KOH) were more effective than distilled water as extractants. Sugar analysis showed that xylose(66.83%~86.49%) was the major constituent, followed by glucose(6.83%~18.49%). Mannose(1.40%~8.42%), galactose(2.17%~4.05%), and arabinose(0.21%~2.26%) were also detected in the hemicellulosic fractions. The results of gelpermeation chromatography(GPC) indicated that the hemicelluloses extracted using the alkaline solutions had relatively higher molecular weights than those solubilized in distilled water. Further, based on spectroscopic ~1Hnuclear magnetic resonance(~1H-NMR) and two-dimensional heteronuclear singular quantum correlation(2D-HSQC) analyses, it was confirmed that the hemicellulosic fractions had a major structure of(1→4)-b-D-xylan and a minor structure of(1→4)-a-D-glucan with small amounts of substituted sugars and glucuronic acid attached. | LianHua Fu LingYan Meng YaYu Li MingGuo Ma | 2017 | Paper And Biomaterials2017，2，1： | 7 |
| 7 | A unified implicit scheme for kinetic model equations. Part I. Memory reduction technique显示文摘A memory reduction technique is proposed for solving stationary kinetic model equations. As implied by an integral solution of the stationary kinetic equation, a velocity distribution function can be reconstructed from given macroscopic variables. Based on this fact, we propose a technique to reconstruct distribution function at discrete level, and employ it to develop an implicit numerical method for kinetic equations. The new implicit method only stores the macroscopic quantities which appear in the collision term, and does not store the distribution functions. As a result, enormous memory requirement for solving kinetic equations is totally relieved. Several boundary conditions, such as, inlet, outlet and isothermal boundaries, are discussed. Some numerical tests demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the technique.The new implicit solver provides nearly identical solution as the explicit kinetic solver, while the memory requirement is on the same order as the Navier–Stokes solver. | Songze Chen Chuang Zhang Lianhua Zhu Zhaoli Guo | 2017 | Science Bulletin2017，62，2： | 7 |
| 8 | Characterization of Hemicelluloses Extracted from Populus tomentosa Carr. by the Hydrothermal Method with Ethanol显示文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the hemicelluloses extracted from Populus tomentosa Carr.by the hydrothermal method with ethanol.The influence of ethanol concentration on the hemicellulosic fractions was systematically studied.The chemical compositions and structural features of the hemicellulosic fractions were investigated by a combination of sugar analysis,gel-permeation chromatography,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and one-dimensional proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance,and two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy.Neutral sugar analysis of the hemicellulosic fractions revealed that a higher ethanol concentration(45%~80%) favored the isolation of hemicelluloses with more side chains and lower glucose contents.The molecular weights of these polysaccharides ranged between 2842 g/mol and 5101 g/mol.The results of this study indicate that the hydrothermal ethanol process provides a new pretreatment strategy for the isolation and extraction of biomass. | LianHua Fu Shan Liu ShuMing Li YaYu Li MingGuo Ma | 2017 | Paper And Biomaterials2017，2，3： | 7 |
| 9 | Preparation and characterization of Al/B/Fe_2O_3 nanothermites显示文摘A sol-gel synthetic approach combined with an ultrasonic method was utilized to prepare Al/B/Fe2O3 nanothermites.The structure and properties of the prepared nanothermites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis,differential scanning calorimetry,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and an impact sensitivity test.The results verified that the nano-aluminum and the micro-boron were uniformly dispersed in the pores of the iron oxide gel.The heat of the prepared Al/B/Fe2O3 nanothermites was 1.3 times that of the simple physically mixed sample.In addition,the heat of the combustion test showed that these materials were indeed energetic.Small-scale safe experiments also showed that the prepared materials through sol-gel were relatively insensitive to standard impact. | SHEN LianHua LI GuoPing LUO YunJun GAO Kun GE Zhen | 2014 | Science China Chemistry2014，57，6： | 6 |
| 10 | Structure of weathered clastic crust and its petroleum potential显示文摘Weathered clastic crust can be subdivided into weathered clay and leached zone in terms of variable weathering of different minerals and mobility of weathered products.On the basis of clastic outcrops and well cores in the Junggar Basin,the dark red Fe-rich weathered clay is formed in an arid environment,whereas the light blue Al-rich weathered clay under humid conditions.According to the geochemical analysis,a new weathering index for weathered clastic crust is built mainly on Fe and Al contents,accurately indicating the weathered clay,sandy leached zone,and muddy leached zone in the Junggar Basin.The breaking pressure of weathered clay is rather large,the same as that of normal muddy cap,effectively to seal oil or gas.The porosity of underlying leached zone is greatly enhanced by weathering and leaching,but its permeability is a function of clay mineral content,i.e.,the higher the clay content,the worse the permeability.Weathered crust provides effective sealing conditions for both top and bottom layers of a petroleum reservoir,and is important in the clastic hydrocarbon exploration. | ZOU CaiNeng HOU LianHua YANG Fan YANG Chun TAO ShiZhen YUAN XuanJun ZHU RuKai | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，12： | 6 |
| 11 | Characteristics and formation of sinian(Ediacaran)carbonate karstic reservoirs in Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin,China显示文摘The Gaoshiti-Moxi Gas Field has been discovered recently in the central part of Sichuan Basin,which might be the biggest gas field in China.In this gas field,a large amount of gas is from Neoproterozoic Sinian(Ediacaran)karstic carbonate rocks.The gas was originated from cracking of oil,and the oil source rocks are the Sinian and Cambrian strata.In this study,the characteristics of these carbonate reservoir rocks have been studied based on subsurface data and outcrop observation.The carbonate rocks are at the Sinian Dengying Formation,and the reservoir properties are controlled by sedimentary facies and diagenesis.The Dengying Formation is composed of algal mounds and grainstone build-ups,which were developed in a restricted platform setting from glacial period to interglacial period.Due to tectonic movement and eustatic cycle in Sichuan Basin during Neoproterozoic Era,five sedimentary cycles of transgression and regression have been developed in the Dengying Formation.According to the sedimentary facies and carbon-oxygen isotope variation,five sedimentary cycles have been recognized.Due to the penecontemporaneous dolomitization,together with hypergene karstification and late burial dissolution,the reservoir properties of the carbonates rocks have been improved greatly. | Lianhua Hou Fan Yang Chun Yang Jinghong Wang | 2021 | Petroleum Research2021，6，2： | 4 |
| 12 | The shape of incident shock wave in steady axisymmetric conical Mach reflection显示文摘For internal flow with supersonic inflow boundary conditions,a complicated oblique shock reflection may occur.Different from the planar shock reflection problem,where the shape of the incident shock can be a straight line,the shape of the incident shock wave in the inward-facing axisymmetric shock reflection in steady flow is an unknown curve.In this paper,a simple theoretical approach is proposed to determine the shape of this incident shock wave.The present theory is based on the steady Euler equations.When the assumption that the streamlines are straight lines at locations just behind the incident shock is adopted,an ordinary differential equation can be derived,and the shape of the incident shock wave is given by the solution of this ordinary differential equation.The predicted curves of the incident shock wave at several inlet conditions agree very well with the results of the numerical simulations. | Yu-xin Ren Lianhua Tan Zi-niu Wu | 2020 | Advances in Aerodynamics2020，2，1： | 3 |
| 13 | EXISTENCE FOR PERIODIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM OF FIRST-ORDER INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS显示文摘In this paper,by means of iterative analysis,the existence for periodic boun- dary value problem of first-order integro-differential differential equations are considered.Some new results are obtained. | Zhang Linli Liu Anping Chang Tao He Lianhua | 2007 | Annals of Differential Equations2007，23，4： | 3 |
| 14 | Statistical Modeling of CMIP5 Projected Changes in Extreme Wet Spells over China in the Late 21st Century显示文摘The observed intensity, frequency, and duration(IFD) of summer wet spells, defined here as extreme events with one or more consecutive days in which daily precipitation exceeds a given threshold(the 95th percentile), and their future changes in RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 in the late 21st century over China, are investigated by using the wet spell model(WSM) and by extending the point process approach to extreme value analysis. Wet spell intensity is modeled by a conditional generalized Pareto distribution, frequency by a Poisson distribution, and duration by a geometric distribution, respectively. The WSM is able to realistically model summer extreme rainfall spells during 1961–2005, as verified with observations at 553 stations throughout China. To minimize the impact of systematic biases over China in the global climate models(GCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5), five best GCMs are selected based on their performance to reproduce observed wet spell IFD and average precipitation during the historical period. Furthermore, a quantile–quantile scaling correction procedure is proposed and applied to produce ensemble projections of wet spell IFD and corresponding probability distributions. The results show that in the late 21st century, most of China will experience more extreme rainfall and less low-intensity rainfall. The intensity and frequency of wet spells are projected to increase considerably, while the duration of wet spells will increase but to a much less extent. The IFD changes in RCP8.5 are in general much larger than those in RCP4.5. | Lianhua ZHU Yun LI Zhihong JIANG | 2017 | Journal of Meteorological Research2017，31，4： | 3 |
| 15 | Fluorine emission from combustion of steam coal of North China Plate and Northwest China显示文摘To study the amount of fluorine emission from the combustion of the steam coal (mainly Permo-Carbonif-erous coal) from the North China Plate and Northwest China, the fluorine contents of the coal, the fly ash and the cinder in high-temperature power stations as well as mid-low temperature power stations have been analyzed. This note provides a rough estimate of the total annual amount of fluorine emission as well as emission ratio from steam coal combustion in China. Our results show that by combustion of 1 t of Permo-Carboniferous coal (containing roughly 100 g fluorine), high-temperature power stations emit roughly 90 g fluorine into the atmosphere. The fluorine emission ratio of coal combustion in high-temperature power stations is about 96% and that in mid-low temperature power stations is about 78%. A total of 800 million tons of coal is burnt in China every year, and the coal comes mainly from Permo-Carboniferous deposite in the North China Plate and Northwest China coal mines. Taking the average | LUO Kunli XU Lirong LI Ribang XIANG Lianhua | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，16： | 2 |
| 16 | Greenhouse gas emissions from oilfield-produced water in Shengli Oilfield,Eastern China显示文摘Greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions from oil and gas systems are an important component of the GHG emission inventory. To assess the carbon emissions from oilfield-produced water under atmospheric conditions correctly, in situ detection and simulation experiments were developed to study the natural release of GHG into the atmosphere in the Shengli Oilfield,the second largest oilfield in China. The results showed that methane(CH4) and carbon dioxide(CO2) were the primary gases released naturally from the oilfield-produced water.The atmospheric temperature and release time played important roles in determining the CH4 and CO2emissions under atmospheric conditions. Higher temperatures enhanced the carbon emissions. The emissions of both CH4 and CO2from oilfield-produced water were highest at 27°C and lowest at 3°C. The bulk of CH4 and CO2was released from the oilfield-produced water during the first release period, 0–2 hr, for each temperature, with a maximum average emission rate of 0.415 g CH4/(m3·hr) and 3.934 g CO2/(m3·hr), respectively. Then the carbon emissions at other time periods gradually decreased with the extension of time. The higher solubility of CO2 in water than CH4 results in a higher emission rate of CH4 than CO2over the same release duration. The simulation proved that oilfield-produced water is one of the potential emission sources that should be given great attention in oil and gas systems. | Shuang Yang Wei Yang Guojun Chen Xuan Fang Chengfu Lv Jiaai Zhong Lianhua Xue | 2016 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2016，28，8： | 2 |
| 17 | Genomic evidence of lung carcinogenesis associated with coal smoke in Xuanwei area, China显示文摘Xuanwei area, in southwestern China,harbors the highest female lung cancer rate in the country(Supplementary Table 1) [1]. Epidemiological studies have shown that lung cancer incidence in Xuanwei area is associated with the use of different types of local coal for household cooking and heating [2]. The genomic landscape of Xuanwei female adenocarcinoma(XWFA), the most distinctive feature of lung cancer in Xuanwei, has yet to be elucidated systematically. Here,we provide the fundamental resource of genomic datasets for further exploration of XWFA molecular mechanisms and development of targetable therapy. | Honglei Zhang Chao Liu Li Li Xu Feng Qing Wang Jihua Li Shaobin Xu Shuting Wang Qianlu Yang Zhenghai Shen Jinhua Su Xiaosan Su Ruifen Sun Xuhong Zhou Junliang Wang Yongchun Zhou Baowei Jiao Wanbao Ding Xianbao Cao Yue Wang Yunchao Huang Lianhua Ye | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，12： | 2 |
| 18 | Clinical study on the related markers of blood coagulation in the patients with ANFH after SARS显示文摘The aim of this research was to investigate the blood coagulation function in the patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head(ANFH)after severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS).The expression of CD31,CD61,CD62p,CD63 and PAC-1 on platelet membrane was measured respectively by flowcytometry,and the plasma prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),thrombin time(TT)and fibrinogen(Fbg)were mea-sured by blood clotting instrument in 26 patients with ANFH after SARS and in 17 healthy adults.The expression of CD31,CD61,CD 62p,CD63 and PAC-1 on platelet membrane in 26 patients was all lower than that in 17 healthy subjects(P<0.01).The levels of PT,APTT,TT and Fbg in 26 patients were all normal.There is no significant difference(P>0.05)in those markers between patients and 17 healthy adults.The blood may not be in hypercoagulable state in patients with ANFH after SARS. | WU Lianhua GAO Chunjin WANG Guozhong YANG Lin HOU Xiaomin GE Huan XIA Chengqing QI Man | 2007 | Frontiers of Medicine2007，1，4： | 2 |
| 19 | Shikonin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis mice by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization显示文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of shikonin(SKN) on M1 and M2 polarization of macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) in male DBA/1 mice were treated with a dose of 4 mg/kg/day of SKN for 23 d(n = 6/group). The histopathology of inflamed joints in CIA mice was evaluated to test the antiarthritic effect of SKN. M1/M2 polarization of macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and interferon(IFN)-γ or interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-13, were used to assess the effect of SKN(0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 μM). The effect of SKN on the protein expression of nitric oxide synthase, arginase, CD68, and CD206 was evaluated using western blot analysis. RESULTS: The results of this study revealed that SKN delayed the arthritis feet symptom score, reduced the incidence rate of arthritis, and relieved the inflammation of joints in CIA mice. SKN inhibited M1 macrophage polarization but did not affect M2 macrophage polarization in the joints of CIA mice. Moreover, SKN inhibited M1 polarization induced by LPS and IFN-γ, but did not affect M2 polarization induced by IL-4 and IL-13. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that SKN alleviated CIA through inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization and has great potential as a new drug for RA treatment. | HE Lianhua LUAN Huijie QIN Qingxia HE Juan CHEN Jian HU Yiping CAI Yueming SUN Desheng SHI Yu WANG Qingwen | 2022 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2022，42，6： | 2 |
| 20 | Myelin repair and functional recovery mediated by neural cell transplantation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis显示文摘Cellular therapies are becoming a major focus for the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), therefore it is important to identify the most effective cell types that promote myelin repair. Several components contribute to the relative benefits of specific cell types including the overall efficacy of the cell therapy, the reproducibility of treatment, the mechanisms of action of distinct cell types and the ease of isolation and generation of therapeutic populations. A range of distinct cell populations promote functional recovery in animal models of MS including neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues. Each of these cell populations has advantages and disadvantages and likely works through distinct mechanisms. The relevance of such mechanisms to myelin repair in the adult central nervous system is unclear since the therapeutic cells are generally derived from developing animals. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a population of neural cells from the adult spinal cord that are characterized by the expression of the cell surface glycoprotein NG2. In functional studies, injection of adult NG2^+ cells into mice with ongoing MOG_35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) enhanced remyelination in the CNS while the number of CD3^+ T cells in areas of spinal cord demyelination was reduced approximately three-fold. In vivostudies indicated that in EAE, NG2^+ cells stimulated endogenous repair while in vitro they responded to signals in areas of induced inflammation by differentiating into oligodendrocytes. These results suggested that adult NG2^+ cells represent a useful cell population for promoting neural repair in a variety of different conditions including demyelinating diseases such as MS. | Lianhua Bai Jordan Hecker Amber Kerstetter Robert H.Miller | 2013 | Neuroscience Bulletin2013，29，2： | 2 |
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