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| 1 | Channel change at Toudaoguai Station and its responses to the operation of upstream reservoirs in the upper Yellow River显示文摘水坝的应用程序创建了输入调节的在上游的愿望变化,包括水和沉积,以前的动态伪平衡由隧道流速及流水量到达了的下游地河的系统,和破坏,因此不可缺少的调整为适应新水和沉积供应的下游的隧道是必要的,导致河的系统恢复它的以前的平衡或到达新平衡。用大约 50-year-long 水文学,沉积、代表性的数据,位于上面的黄河到水库的操作的 Toudaoguai 剖面图的时间的反应进程造了在上游被分析。Toudaoguai 剖面图变化被在上游的水库操作和下游的隧道床 armoring 此后强烈影响的结果表演逐渐地发生了并且在计量车站的 Sanhuhekou 下面延长了到活动范围。而且,推迟的沉积负担的中部的直径经历了起初被增加描绘的一个三阶段的变化,然后减少和增加再最后,它反映在 Qingtongxia 水库开始了然后逐渐地在 Sanhuhekou 剖面图下面下游地发展了到活动范围的隧道床 armoring 的过程。因为 Longyangxia, Liujiaxia 和 Qingtongxia 水库的联合操作策略在 1986 被介绍,当仅仅 Qingtongxia 和 Liujiaxia 水库独自被放进操作时,三阶段的变化趋势在在 1969 和 1986 之间的时间时期变得不比那明显。自从 1987,另外,在剖面图戏剧性地减少了的 Toudaoguai 的侧面的移植和 thalweg 举起变化的程度,代表性的侧面和地点趋于稳定,它对为本地人的正常生活有益。 | RAN Lishan WANG Suiji FAN Xiaoli | 2010 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2010，20，2： | 53 |
| 2 | A mouse model for HBV immunotolerance and immunotherapy显示文摘一个适当小动物模型的缺乏仍然是一个主要障碍因为学习 immunotolerance 和 immunopathogenesis 由肝炎 B 病毒(HBV ) 导致了感染。在这研究,我们与 recombinant 在感染以后与持续 HBV viremia 报导一个老鼠模型带一个可复制的 HBV 染色体(AAV/HBV ) 的联系 adeno 的病毒(AAV ) 。类似于临床的 HBV 搬运人,感染 AAV/HBV 的老鼠为对 HBV 表面抗原(HBsAg ) 的抗体是 sero 否定的。有面对铝助手疫苗的常规 HBV 的免疫没能在这些老鼠对 HBV 得到有免疫力的回答。为了识别一支疫苗,那能潜在地围绕这忍耐, TLR9 收缩筋 CpG 作为一个助手被加到 HBsAg。有 HBsAg/CpG 的老鼠的种痘导致了 viremia,而且强壮的抗体生产和 T 房间回答的不仅清理。而且, DNA 复制和 HBV 的蛋白质表示显著地在 AAV/HBV-infected 鼠标的肝被减少。因此, AAV/HBV-infected 老鼠可以作为一个柔韧的模型被使用调查 HBV immunotolerance 并且为开发新奇免疫疗法根除的内在的机制 HBV 感染。 | Dan Yang Longchao Liu Danming Zhu Hua Peng Lishan Su Yang-Xin Fu Liguo Zhang | 2014 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2014，11，1： | 25 |
| 3 | The Auxin-Regulated Protein ZmAuxRPI Coordinates the Balance between Root Growth and Stalk Rot Disease Resistance in Maize显示文摘To optimize fitness, plants must efficiently allocate their resources between growth and defense. Although phytohormone crosstalk has emerged as a major player in balancing growth and defense, the genetic basis by which plants man age this balance remai ns elusive. We previously ide ntified a quantitative disease . resistance locus, qRfg2, in maize (Zea mays) that protects against the fungal disease Gibberella stalk rot. Here, through map-based cloning, we demonstrate that the causal gene at qRfg2 is ZmAuxRPI, which encodes a plastid stroma-localized auxin-regulated protein. ZmAuxRPI responded quickly to pathogen challenge with a rapid yet transient reduction in expression that led to arrested root growth but enhanced resista nee to Gibberella stalk rot and Fusarium ear rot. ZmAuxRPI was show n to promote the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), while suppressing the formation of benzoxazinoid defense compounds. ZmAuxRPI presumably acts as a resource regulator modulating indole-3-glycerol phosphate and/or indole flux at the branch point between the IAA and benzoxazinoid biosynthetic pathways. The concerted interplay between IAA and benzoxazinoids can regulate the growth-defense balance in a timely and efficient manner to optimize plant fitness. | Jianrong Ye Tao Zhong Dongfeng Zhang Chuanyu Ma Lina Wang Lishan Yao Qianqian Zhang Mang Zhu Mingliang Xu | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，3： | 19 |
| 4 | Influence of moisture on the growth and biomass allocation in Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix ramosissima seedlings in the shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway, Xinjiang, China显示文摘The authors studied the effects using three different levels of irrigation on the growth and biomass allocation in H. ammodendron and T. ramosissima seedlings in the shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway. The three irrigation amounts were 35 (CK), 24.5 (treatment 1), and 14 (treatment 2) kg·ind. plant-1·once-1, respectively. The results show that (1) the vertical depth of the two seedlings’ root increased with lower levels of irrigation showing that the two species adapted to decreased irrigation by root elongation in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, and the vertical root depth of H. ammodendron under treatment 2 was notably higher than CK. (2) Compared with CK, the belowground biomass of treatment 1 and 2 both showed a significant increase as follows: H. ammodendron seedlings in- creased by 14.51% and 37.03% under treatment 1 and 2, respectively, while T. ramosissima seedlings increased by 68.19% and 25.78% under treatment 1 and 2, respectively. This means that H. ammoden- dron seedlings were more adapted to the conditions in treatment 2 while T. ramosissima seedlings were better adapted to treatment 1 conditions. (3) When compared with CK, the fine root bomass of these two species all exhibited some increase under both treatments, and ANOVA analysis showed that the biomass of deep layer root of the two species under treatment 2 was notably higher than CK and treatment 1. This should help seedlings to more effectively absorb soil water from deep layers during dry conditions. (4) The root-shoot ratio was different for these two species. For H. ammodendron seed- lings, the root-shoot ratio was less than 1, while for T. ramosissim seedlings it was larger than 1. The root-shoot ratio of H. ammodendron seedlings increased with decreasing levels of irrigation, and that of T. ramosissim seedlings also increased under treatment 2. (5) With decreasing levels of irrigation, due to the difference of species, the growth variation of aboveground indexes was also different, while compared with CK, it was not significant. | SHAN LiShan ZHANG XiMing WANG YouKe WANG Hui YAN HaiNong WEI Jiang XU Hao | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，S2： | 15 |
| 5 | Selective laser melting of NiTi alloy with superior tensile property and shape memory effect显示文摘It is a challenge to develop complex-shaped Ni Ti shape memory alloy parts by traditional processing methods, due to the poor machinability of Ni Ti alloy. It is reported that selective laser melting(SLM) of additive manufacturing could overcome this problem. However, the reported SLM-produced Ni Ti exhibits poor tensile ductility due to the inner defects and adverse unidirectional columnar grains from SLM process. In this work, the defect-less SLM-Ni Ti with nondirective columnar grains was fabricated by optimizing the intraformational laser scanning length and interformational laser scanning direction. The obtained lath-shaped SLM-Ni Ti sample exhibits tensile strain of 15.6%, more than twice of the reported maximum result(7%). Besides, the SLM-Ni Ti part with complex geometry displays a shape memory recovery of 99% under compressive deformation of 50%. | Zhiwei Xiong Zhonghan Li Zhen Sun Shijie Hao Ying Yang Meng Li Changhui Song Ping Qiu Lishan Cui | 2019 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2019，35，10： | 15 |
| 6 | Effects of Predeformation on the Reverse Martensitic Transformation of TiNi Shape Memory Alloy显示文摘DSC was used to study the effects of predeformation on the reverse martensitic transformation of near-equiatomic TiNi alloy. Both the start temperature A. and the finish temperature Af of the reverse transformation increased with increasing degree of predeformation, but the algebraic difference between A. and Af decreased with increasing predeformation until it reached a minimum value, then remained unchanged with further deformation. Transformation heat also increased with increasing predeformation until it reached a maximum value, then decreased with further predeformation. All the phenomena above were considered to be closely related With the release of elastic strain energy during predeformation. | Yanjun ZHENG, Lishan CUI and Fan ZHANG (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Petroleum, Beijing 102200, China) Dazhi YANG (Department of Materials Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China) | 2000 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2000，16，6： | 13 |
| 7 | Combined genome-wide association study and transcriptome analysis reveal candidate genes for resistance to Fusarium ear rot in maize显示文摘Fusarium ear rot,caused by Fusarium verti-cillioides,is a devastating fungal disease in maize that re-duces yield and quality;moreover,F.verticillioides pro-duces fumonisin mycotoxins,which pose serious threats to human and animal health.Here,we performed a genome-wide association study(GWAS)under three en-vironmental conditions and identified 34 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)that were significantly associated with Fusarium ear rot resistance.With reference to the maize B73 genome,69 genes that overlapped with or were adjacent to the significant SNPs were identified as potential resistance genes to Fusarium ear rot.Comparing transcriptomes of the most resistant and most susceptible lines during the very early response to Fusarium ear rot,we detected many differentially expressed genes enriched for pathways related to plant immune responses,such as plant hormone signal transduction,phenylpropanoid bio-synthesis,and cytochrome P450 metabolism.More than one-fourth of the potential resistance genes detected in the GWAS were differentially expressed in the tran-scriptome analysis,which allowed us to predict numbers of candidate genes for maize resistance to ear rot,in-cluding genes related to plant hormones,a MAP kinase,a PR5-like receptor kinase,and heat shock proteins.We propose that maize plants initiate early immune responses to Fusarium ear rot mainly by regulating the growth-defense balance and promoting biosynthesis of defense compounds. | Lishan Yao Yanmei Li Chuanyu Ma Lixiu Tong Feili Du Mingliang Xu | 2020 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2020，62，10： | 13 |
| 8 | Controlled synthesis of single cobalt atom catalysts via a facile one-pot pyrolysis for efficient oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions显示文摘Metal-nitrogen doped carbon catalysts(M-N/C) with abundantly accessible M-Nxsites, particularly single metal atom M-N/C(SAM-N/C), have been developed as a substitute for expensive Pt-based catalysts.These catalysts are used to increase the efficiency of otherwise sluggish oxygen reduction reactions(ORR) and hydrogen evolution reactions(HER). However, although the agglomerated metal nanoparticles are usually easy to form, they are very difficult to remove due to the protective surface-coating carbon layers, a factor that significantly hampers SAM-N/C fabrication. Herein, we report a one-step pyrolysis approach to successfully fabricate single cobalt atom Co-N/C(SACo-N/C) by using a Co2+-SCN-coordination compound as the metal precursor. Thanks to the decomposition of Co2+-SCN-compound at lower temperature than that of carbon layer deposition, Co-rich particles grow up to larger ones before carbon layers formation. Even though encapsulated by the carbon layers, it is difficult for the large Co-rich particle to be completely sealed. And thus, it makes the Co atoms possible to escape from incomplete carbon layer, to coordinate with nitrogen atoms, and to form SACo-N/C catalysts. This SACo-N/C exhibits excellent performances for both ORR(half-wave potential of 0.878 V) and HER(overpotential at 10 mA/cm2 of178 m V), and is thus a potential replacement for Pt-based catalysts. When SACo-N/C is integrated into a Zn-O2 battery, battery with high open-circuit voltage(1.536 V) has high peak power density(266 mW/cm2)and large gravimetric energy density(755 mA h/gZn) at current densities of 100 mA/cm2. Thus, we believe that this strategy may offer a new direction for the effective generation of SAM-N/C catalysts. | Yao Wang Linhui Chen Zhanxin Mao Lishan Peng Rui Xiang Xianyi Tang Jianghai Deng Zidong Wei Qiang Liao | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，15： | 10 |
| 9 | Dynamic analysis of urban spatial expansion and its determinants in Xiamen Island显示文摘大多数世界城市在沿海的区域被集中。作为沿海的系统的一个特殊地理部件,岛城市的空间扩大是在城市开发和物理环境之间的相互作用的结果。这篇论文拿厦门岛,在东南的中国定位了,,分析岛的一个例子由在城市的发展政策,城市的全面计划,人口生长和工业开发上联合文学的分析的城市的空间扩大和它的决定因素,与用历史的地图和遥感相片的地理信息分析。第一,我们在最后 100 年期间考察了厦门城市发展的历史,它能被划分成四个时期:从 1908 ~ 1949 的胚胎的现代城市和早开发;从 1950 ~ 1979 的行政边界扩大和基础结构开发;从 1980 ~ 2003 的特殊经济地区建设和快速的都市化;并且海湾城市建设自从 2003。海岸线的动态变化,岛形状,布满建筑物区域,交通,行政部门,和主要陆地使用打发生了在期间的变换近似,过去的 100 年被分析并且岛的特征城市的空间扩大被结束:从一个中央点的早扩大,从海岸线内陆沿着海岸线,和扩大的节由扩大列在后面。第二,我们讨论了岛的潜在的决定因素包括行政部门调整,城市的主人计划修订,工业发展,地形学的因素,沿海的区域开垦,交通扩大,和人口的城市的空间扩大生长。最后,岛上的每个潜在的决定因素的效果城市的空间扩大被结束。岛城市的空间扩大是不独立却交往的自然、社会经济的因素的合成的结果。布满建筑物区域扩大是岛土地的主要司机盖子和陆地使用变化。由这份报纸,我们希望提供在远处在中国,和世界贡献岛和沿海的持续都市化的合理理解的一本科学参考书。 | LI Xinhu LIN Tao ZHANG Guoqin XlAO Lishan ZHAO Qianjun CUI Shenghui | 2011 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2011，21，3： | 10 |
| 10 | 广西战国汉代墓葬出土铁器的科学研究显示文摘铁锸的使用提高了古代农业生产力,促进了农耕文明的发展。本研究对广西古代墓葬出土的铁器进行了金相实验研究,主要采用金相、扫描电镜及能谱分析(SEM-EDS)等研究方法,对广西战国汉代墓葬出土4件铁器等遗物样品进行了显微组织和成份检测分析。结果表明,武鸣马头镇安等秧战国铁锸为生铁制品;桂平市大塘城汉代长铁剑为炒钢制品,汉代炒钢制品是广西地区的首次发现;桂平市大塘城汉代铁釜为生铁制品,短铁剑为块炼铁制品。武鸣战国铁锸标志着中原地区的农耕技术至迟于战国时期传播到广西南部地区。 | 黄全胜 李延祥 郑超雄 陈建立 冯桂淳 Zhu Lishan | 2016 | 南方文物2016，，1： | 10 |
| 11 | Hepatitis C virus core protein triggers expansion and activation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in chronic hepatitis C patients显示文摘 | Naicui Zhai Xiumei Chi Tianyang Li Hongxiao Song Haijun Li Xia Jin Ian Nicholas Crispe Lishan Su Junqi Niu Zhengkun Tu | 2015 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2015，12，6： | 10 |
| 12 | Coronavirus MHV-A59 infects the lung and causes severe pneumonia in C57BL/6 mice显示文摘It remains challenging to develop animal models of lung infection and severe pneumonia by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome cornavirus(MERS-Co V) without high level of containment. This inevitably hinders understanding of virushost interaction and development of appropriate countermeasures. Here we report that intranasal inoculation of sublethal doses of murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus A-59(MHV-A59), a hepatic and neuronal tropic coronavirus, can induce acute pneumonia and severe lung injuries in C57BL/6 mice. Inflammatory leukocyte infiltrations, hemorrhages and fibrosis of alveolar walls can be observed 2-11 days after MHV-A59 infection. This pathological manifestation is associated with dramatical elevation of tissue IP-10 and IFN-γ and moderate increase of TNF-α and IL-1β, but inability of anti-viral type I interferon response. These results suggest that intranasal infection of MHV-A59 would serve as a surrogate mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections. | Zhangsheng Yang Jun Du Gang Chen Jie Zhao Xuanming Yang Lishan Su Genhong Cheng Hong Tang | 2014 | Virologica Sinica2014，29，6： | 9 |
| 13 | Microscopic energy transport through photon-electron-phonon interactions during ultrashort laser ablation of wide bandgap materials Part Ⅰ: photon absorption显示文摘The new phenomena induced by femtosecond lasers lead to the new area of ultrafast science.It is a significantchallenge to explain the phenomena associated with complex non-equilibrium and non-linear processes.Althoughthere is a growing body of experimental observation,a comprehensive model remains undeveloped.We reviewthe challenges in understanding the photon absorption stage mainly for the femtosecond ablation of wide bandgap materialsat the intensities of 10^(13)~10^(14) W/cm^2.Major opinions and challenges in ionization mechanisms are presentedby primarily considering multiphoton ionization and avalanche ionization. | Lan Jiang Lishan Li Sumei Wang Hai-Lung Tsai | 2009 | 中国激光2009，36，4： | 6 |
| 14 | Influence of synthesis parameters on the crystallinity and Si/Al ratio of NaY zeolite synthesized from kaolin显示文摘Well-crystallized high-silica NaY zeolites (Si/Al>2.5) were prepared from a reaction mixture consisting of metakaolin, sodium silicate solution and seed solution via optimization of the mixture composition and reaction conditions. The transformation from kaolin to high-silica NaY zeolite was confirmed by XRD, SEM and IR techniques. Subsequently, the influence of synthesis parameters, i.e. initial SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 , initial Na 2 O/SiO 2 , initial H 2 O/SiO 2 , aging time of the seed solution, crystallization temperature and crystallization time, on the NaY growth was investigated in terms of crystallinity and Si/Al ratio. The results showed that the effects of initial SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 , initial Na 2 O/SiO 2 and initial H 2 O/ SiO 2 on the crystallinity and Si/Al ratio of NaY zeolite are similar to those observed in the conventional syntheses of NaY zeolites only using sodium silicate solution as silicon source. However, due to the use of metakaolin as the main silicon and aluminum sources in the present study, a long crystallization induction period of 20 h was achieved, which can be attributed to the dissolution of metakaolin. In addition, different from the conventional syntheses of zeolite NaY, pure NaY zeolites (i.e. without NaP zeolite impurity) were still obtained even at 120 °C because of the use of a large quantity of seed solution (23 wt%) in the reaction mixture. As the aging time of the seed solution increased from 3.5 h to 22 h, the relative crystallinity of the NaY zeolite first increased sharply and then reached a plateau, while the Si/Al ratio first increased rapidly up to a maximum value of 2.75 corresponding to an aging time of 6.5 h, and then decreased sharply with the aging time. | Li Qiang Zhang Ying Cao Zhijun Gao Wei Cui Lishan | 2010 | Petroleum Science2010，7，3： | 6 |
| 15 | The Mitochondrial DNA Mutation at Position 11778 in Chinese Families with Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy显示文摘We amplified the 340 bp of mitochondrial DMA (mtDNA) by PCR including the recognized sequence of restriction enzyme of SfaN I . After amplification and digestion of SfaN I , two bands of 190 bp and 150 bp appeared in the mtDNA of four normal individuals but only one band of 340 bp appeared in the mtDNA with the mutation of G to A at the site of the nucleotide 11778 because such mutation destroyed the recognized sequence of SfaN I . We studied the mtDNAs of the patients with Leber's hereditary optic neur... | Lishan Zhang, Ying Huang, Fangyuan Li, ShijunWang, Bin Zhu Ziping Zhang, Yi Tong, Jinjuan GaoDepartment of Biology, Nanjing Railway Medical College Nanjing 210009, ChinaDepartment of Opthahalmology, Fujian Medical College Fuzhou 350005, China | 1994 | 眼科学报1994，10，3： | 6 |
| 16 | Pituitary tumor transforming gene: a novel therapeutic target for glioma treatment显示文摘有强壮的增长和 angiogenesis 能力的 Glioma 是在中央神经系统的最普通、恶意的主要肿瘤。垂体肿瘤转变基因(PTTG ) 在垂体肿瘤被发现,并且在房间增长,房间周期,房间 apoptosis,和 angiogenesis 起重要作用。然而,在 glioma 的 PTTG 的角色仍然不完全地被调查。这里,我们探索了在 PTTG 和 glioma 等级,以及微容器的密度(MVD ) 之间的关联。另外, siRNA 包括 U87MG, U251,和 SHG44 在 glioma 房间线习惯于沉默 PTTG 表示。房间增长, apoptosis,侵略,和 angiogenesis 在 vitro 并且在 vivo 被学习。我们的结果证明那 PTTG 表情在 glioma 是显著地起来调整的,并且与 glioma 等级和 MVD 有积极关联。PTTG 的 Silencing 禁止了 glioma 房间增长,迁居 / 侵略,和 angiogenesis,导致了房间 apoptosis,压制了房间侵略,并且逮捕了在 G0/G1 舞台的房间周期。PTTG 的 Silencing 能也在 vivo 禁止肿瘤生长,侵略,和 angiogenesis。我们的数据显示 PTTG 可能是为 glioma 处理的一个潜在的目标。 | Lishan Cui Songbai Xu Zhengmao Song Gang Zhao Xiaoqian Liu Yuwen Song | 2015 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2015，47，6： | 6 |
| 17 | Effects of deficit irrigation on daily and seasonal variations of trunk sap flow and its growth in Calligonum arborescens显示文摘Water deficit in arid and semiarid regions affects whole-plant sap flow and leaf-level water relations. The objectives of this study were to clarify how sap flow of Calligonum arborescens responds to different drought stress conditions and to understand its acclimation mechanism to drought environments. A field experiment was conducted for C. arborescens during the growing season to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation on the daily and seasonal variations of trunk sap flow in the shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway, Xinjiang, China. Three different water regimes (2,380, 1,960 and 1,225 m3 /hm2 ) were applied at different stages of plant growth. From 1 May to 30 October 2007, a heat-balance stem flow gauge was used to monitor the sap flow dynamics of C. arborescens under different water regimes. Atmospheric evaporation demand and soil moisture conditions for differentially irrigated C. arborescens were also monitored. The result showed that sap flow exhibited a clear diurnal pattern regardless of treatments; the diurnal patterns of sap flow and vapour pressure deficit were very similar under different water regimes and growing seasons, while the slope of the linear regression of this correlation confirmed an increasing water regime. The sap flow decreased under reduced water regimes and there was nocturnal sap flow regardless of water regimes, which was mainly contributed to nocturnal transpiration and water recharge. The sap flow peaked before midnight and dropped afterwards with obviously higher values in summer than in other seasons. It is speculated that the water consumption of C. arborescens during the day can be supplemented through the sap flow at night, which increased with increasing irrigation amount. Net radiation was the most significant correlated factor that influenced sap flow velocity and transpiration under different water regimes (R2 >0.719). Compared with the commonly practiced water regime, the growth of C. arborescens was significantly slower in the stress deficit irrigation, but not significantly different from that in the moderate deficit irrigation. The moderate deficit irrigation would not affect the stability of the shelterbelt and was a more efficient use of water resources compared with the current watering amount. | LiShan SHAN Yi LI RuiFeng ZHAO XiMing ZHANG | 2013 | Journal of Arid Land2013，5，2： | 6 |
| 18 | Hoare logic-based genetic programming显示文摘Almost all existing genetic programming systems deal with fitness evaluation solely by testing. In this paper, by contrast, we present an original approach that combines genetic programming with Hoare logic with the aid of model checking and finite state automata, henceby proposing a brand new verification-focused formal genetic programming system that makes it possible to evolve reliable programs with mathematically-verified properties. | HE Pei KANG LiShan JOHNSON Colin G YING Shi | 2011 | Science China(Information Sciences)2011，54，3： | 5 |
| 19 | Precipitation amount and frequency affect seedling emergence and growth of Reaumuria soongarica in northwestern China显示文摘Climate change is shifting the amount and frequency of precipitation in many regions, which is expected to affect seedling recruitment across ecosystems. However, the combined effects of precipitation amount and frequency on seedling recruitment remain largely unknown. An understanding of the effects of precipitation amount and frequency and their interaction on seedling emergence and growth of typical desert plants is vital for managing populations of desert plants. We conducted two experiments to study the effects of variation in precipitation on Reaumuria soongarica(Pall.) Maxim. First, greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine the effects of three precipitation amount treatments(ambient, +30%, and-30%) and two precipitation frequency treatments(ambient and-50%) on seedling emergence. Second, the morphological responses of R. soongarica to changes in precipitation amount and frequency were tested in a controlled field experiment. Stage-specific changes in growth were monitored by sampling in different growth seasons. Our results showed that precipitation amount significantly affected germination, seedling emergence, and growth of R. soongarica, and there was a larger effect with decreased precipitation frequency compared with ambient. Germination and seedling emergence increased as precipitation increased under the same frequency of precipitation. The highest emergence percentage was obtained with a 30% increase in precipitation amount and a 50% reduction in precipitation frequency. Compared with ambient precipitation, a 30% increase in precipitation amount increased above-and below-ground biomass accumulation of R. soongarica during the growth season. A decrease of 30% in precipitation amount also resulted in an increase in below-ground biomass and root/shoot ratio in the early stages of the growth season, however, above-and below-ground biomass showed the opposite results at the end of the growth season, with larger effects on above-ground than below-ground biomass under decreased precipitation frequency. When precipitation frequency decreased by 50%, values of all growth traits increased for a given amount of precipitation. We concluded that precipitation frequency may be as important as precipitation amount to seedling emergence and growth of R. soongarica, and that understanding the effects of precipitation variability on seedling recruitment requires the integration of both precipitation amount and frequency. In particular, the combination of a 30% increase in precipitation amount and 50% reduction in precipitation frequency increased the emergence and growth of seedlings, suggesting that alteration of amount and frequency of precipitation caused by climate change may have significant effects on seedling recruitment of R. soongarica. | SHAN Lishan ZHAO Wenzhi LI Yi ZHANG Zhengzhong XIE Tingting | 2018 | Journal of Arid Land2018，10，4： | 5 |
| 20 | HIV-1 immunopathogenesis in humanized mouse models显示文摘在最近的年里,与人性化的免疫系统构造妄想的老鼠的技术显著地改善了。人的有免疫力的房间的多重系在与人的造血的干细胞被移植了的 immunodeficient 老鼠发展。更重要地,这些老鼠在免疫或微生物引起的感染之上装功能的体液、细胞的有免疫力的回答。人的免疫不全病毒类型(HIV-1 ) 我能在人性化的老鼠建立感染,导致 CD4 +T 房间弄空和伴随的 nonspecific 免疫者激活,它在 HIV-1-infected 人的病人模仿 immunopathology。这为学习 HIV-1 immunopathogenesis 并且为开发新奇基于免疫者的治疗的机制使人性化的老鼠成为一个最佳的模型。 | Liguo Zhang Lishan Su | 2012 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2012，9，3： | 5 |
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