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| 1 | Role of cytokines and chemokines in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a variety of histological conditions (ranging from liver steatosis and steatohepatitis, to fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma) that are characterized by an increased fat content within the liver. The accumulation/deposition of fat within the liver is essential for diagnosis of NAFLD and might be associated with alterations in the hepatic and systemic inflammatory state. Although it is still unclear if each histological entity represents a different disease or rather steps of the same disease, inflammatory processes in NAFLD might influence its pathophysiology and prognosis. In particular, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (the most inflamed condition in NAFLDs, which more frequently evolves towards chronic and serious liver diseases) is characterized by a marked activation of inflammatory cells and the upregulation of several soluble inflammatory mediators. Among several mediators, cytokines and chemokines might play a pivotal active role in NAFLD and are considered as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we will update evidence from both basic research and clinical studies on the potential role of cytokines and chemokines in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. | Vincent Braunersreuther Giorgio Luciano Viviani Franois Mach Fabrizio Montecucco | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，8： | 40 |
| 2 | Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differentiating malignant from benign portal vein thrombosis in hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Portal vein thrombosis(PVT) may occur in liver cirrhosis patients. Malignant PVT is a common complication in cirrhotic patients with concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and, in some cases, it may be even the initial sign of an undetected HCC. Detection of malignant PVT in a patient with liver cirrhosis heavily affects the therapeutic strategy. Gray-scale ultrasound(US) is widely unreliable for differentiating benign and malignant thrombi. Although effective for this differential diagnosis, fine-needle biopsy remains an invasive technique. Sensitivity of color-doppler US in detection of malignant thrombi is highly dependent on the size of the thrombus. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance(MRI) can be useful to assess the nature of portal thrombus, while limited data are currently available about the role of positron emission tomography(PET) and PET-CT. In contrast with CT, MRI, PET, and PET-CT, contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) is a fast, effective, well tolerated and cheap technique, that can be performed even in the same session in which the thrombus has been detected. CEUS can be performed bedside and can be available also in transplanted patients. Moreover, CT and MRI only yield a snapshot analysis during contrast diffusion, while CEUS allows for a continuous real-time imaging of the microcirculation that lasts several minutes, so that the whole arterial phase and the late parenchymal phase of the contrast diffusion can be analyzed continuously by real-time US scanning. Continuous real-time monitoring of contrast diffusion entails an easy detection of thrombus maximum enhancement. Moreover, continuous quantitative analyses of enhancement(wash in- wash out studies) by CEUS during contrast diffusion is nowadays available in most CEUS machines, thus giving a more sophisticated and accurate evaluation of the contrast distribution and an increased confidence in diagnosis in difficult cases. In conclusion, CEUS is avery reliable technique with a high intrinsic sensitivity for portal vein patency assessment. More expensive and sophisticated techniques(i.e., CT, MRI, PET, and PET-CT) should only be indicated in undetermined cases at CEUS. | Luciano Tarantino Pasquale Ambrosino Matteo Nicola Dario Di Minno | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，32： | 18 |
| 3 | Effectiveness of chest radiography,lung ultrasound and thoracic computed tomography in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure显示文摘Hydrostatic pulmonary edema is as an abnormal in-crease in extravascular water secondary to elevatedpressure in the pulmonary circulation, due to conges-tive heart failure or intravascular volume overload.Diagnosis of hydrostatic pulmonary edema is usuallybased on clinical signs associated to conventional ra-diography findings. Interpretation of radiologic signsof cardiogenic pulmonary edema are often question-able and subject. For a bedside prompt evaluation,lung ultrasound(LUS) may assess pulmonary conges-tion through the evaluation of vertical reverberationartifacts, known as B-lines. These artifacts are relatedto multiple minimal acoustic interfaces between smallwater-rich structures and alveolar air, as it happens incase of thickened interlobular septa due to increase of extravascular lung water. The number, diffusion and in-tensity of B lines correlates with both the radiologic andinvasive estimate of extravascular lung water. The inte-gration of conventional chest radiograph with LUS canbe very helpful to obtain the correct diagnosis. Com-puted tomography(CT) is of limited use in the work upof cardiogenic pulmonary edema, due to its high cost,little use in the emergencies and radiation exposure.However, a deep knowledge of CT signs of pulmonaryedema is crucial when other similar pulmonary condi-tions may occasionally be in the differential diagnosis. | Luciano Cardinale Adriano Massimiliano Priola Federica Moretti Giovanni Volpicelli | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，6： | 16 |
| 4 | Assessment of habitat suitability of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Qomolangma National Nature Reserve based on MaxEnt modeling显示文摘Habitat evaluation constitutes an important and fundamental step in the management of wildlife populations and conservation policy planning.Geographic information system(GIS) and species presence data provide the means by which such evaluation can be done. Maximum Entropy(MaxEnt)is widely used in habitat suitability modeling due to its power of accuracy and additional descriptive properties.To survey snow leopard populations in Qomolangma(Mt. Everest) National Nature Reserve(QNNR), Xizang(Tibet), China, we pooled 127 pugmarks, 415 scrape marks, and 127 non-invasive identifications of the animal along line transects and recorded 87 occurrences through camera traps from 2014–2017. We adopted the Max Ent model to generate a map highlighting the extent of suitable snow leopard habitat in QNNR. Results showed that the accuracy of the Max Ent model was excellent(mean AUC=0.921). Precipitation in the driest quarter, ruggedness, elevation, maximum temperature of the warmest month, and annual mean temperature were the main environmental factors influencing habitat suitability for snow leopards, with contribution rates of 20.0%, 14.4%, 13.3%, 8.7%, and 8.2% respectively.The suitable habitat area extended for 7 001.93 km^2,representing 22.72% of the whole reserve. The regions bordering Nepal were the main suitable snow leopard habitats and consisted of three separate habitat patches.Our findings revealed that precipitation, temperature conditions, ruggedness, and elevations of around 4000 m a.s.l. influenced snow leopard preferences at the landscape level in QNNR. We advocate further research and cooperation with Nepal to evaluate habitat connectivity and to explore possible proxies of population isolation among these patches. Furthermore,evaluation of subdivisions within the protection zones of QNNR is necessary to improve conservation strategies and enhance protection. | De-Feng Bai Peng-Ju Chen Luciano Atzeni Lhaba Cering Qian Li Kun Shi | 2018 | Zoological Research2018，39，6： | 15 |
| 5 | Pathogenesis and significance of hepatitis C virus steatosis:An update on survival strategy of a successful pathogen显示文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a successful pathogen on the grounds that it exploits its host’s metabolism to build up viral particles;moreover it favours its own survival by inducing chronic disease and the development of specific anatomic changes in the infected organ.Steatosis,therefore,is associated with HCV infection by necessity rather than by chance alone.Approximately6%of HCV patients have steatohepatitis.Interestingly,HCV steatosis occurs in the setting of multiple metabolic abnormalities(hyperuricemia,reversible hypocholesterolemia,insulin resistance,arterial hypertension and expansion of visceral adipose tissue)collectively referred to as'hepatitis C-associated dysmetabolic syndrome'(HCADS).General,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)-like,mechanisms of steatogenesis(including increased availability of lipogenic substrates and de novo lipogenesis;decreased oxidation of fatty substrates and export of fatty substrates)are shared by all HCV genotypes.However,genotype 3 seemingly amplifies such steatogenic molecular mechanisms reported to occur in NAFLD via more profound changes in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein;peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha;sterol regulatory element-binding proteins and phosphatase and tensin homologue.HCV steatosis has a remarkable clinical impact in as much as it is an acknowledged risk factor for accelerated fibrogenesis;for impaired treatment response to interferon and ribavirin;and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.Recent data,moreover,suggest that HCV-steatosis contributes to premature atherogenesis via both direct and indirect mechanisms.In conclusion,HCV steatosis fulfills all expected requirements necessary to perpetuate the HCV life cycle.A better understanding of the physiology of HCADS will likely result in a more successful handling of disease with improved antiviral success rates. | Amedeo Lonardo Luigi Elio Adinolfi Luciano Restivo Stefano Ballestri Dante Romagnoli Enrica Baldelli Fabio Nascimbeni Paola Loriaca | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，23： | 14 |
| 6 | Chronic HCV infection and inflammation:Clinical impact on hepatic and extra-hepatic manifestations显示文摘The liver has a central role in regulating inflammation by its capacity to secrete a number of proteins that control both local and systemic inflammatory responses. Chronic inflammation or an exaggerated inflammatory response can produce detrimental effects on target organs. Chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection causes liver inflammation by complex and not yet well-understood molecular pathways, including direct viral effects and indirect mechanisms involving cytokine pathways,oxidative stress and steatosis induction. An increasing body of evidence recognizes the inflammatory response in chronic hepatitis C as pathogenically linked to the development of both liver-limited injury(fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) and extrahepatic HCV-related diseases(lymphoproliferative disease,atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and brain disease). Defining the complex mechanisms of HCV-induced inflammation could be crucial to determine the global impact of infection, to estimate progression of the disease, and to explore novel therapeutic approaches to avert HCVrelated diseases. This review focuses on HCV-related clinical conditions as a result of chronic liver and systemic inflammatory states. | Rosa Zampino Aldo Marrone Luciano Restivo Barbara Guerrera Ausilia Sellitto Luca Rinaldi Ciro Romano Luigi E Adinolfi | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，10： | 13 |
| 7 | Role of pro-and anti-inflammatory phenomena in the physiopathology of type 2 diabetes and obesity显示文摘In obesity, persistent low-grade inflammation is considered as a major contributor towards the progression to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes while in lean subjects the immune environment is non-inflammatory. Massive adipose tissue(AT) infiltration by pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and several T cell subsets as obesity develops leads to the accumulation-both in the AT and systemically-of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor a, IL-17 and IL-6 which are strongly associated with the progression of the obese phenotype towards the metabolic syndrome. At the same time, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and Th subsets producing the antiinflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-5 and interferon-γ, including Th2 and T-reg cells are correlated to the maintenance of AT homeostasis in lean individuals. Here, we discuss the basic principles in the control of the interaction between the AT and infiltrating immune cells both in the lean and the obese condition with a special emphasis on the contribution of pro-and antiinflammatory cytokines to the establishment of the insulinresistant state. In this context, we will discuss the current knowledge about alterations in the levels on pro-and antiinflammatory cytokines in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in humans and animal models. Finally, we also briefly survey the recent novel therapeutic strategies that attempt to alleviate or reverse insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes via the administration of recombinant inhibitory antibodies directed towards some pro-inflammatory cytokines. | Luciano Pirola JoséCandido Ferraz | 2017 | World Journal of Biological Chemistry2017，8，2： | 10 |
| 8 | 为 Budd-Chiari 症候群的 caval 自体移植片由于劣等的静脉 cava 阻塞显示文摘 Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is the standard treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) non responsive to medical therapy. However, patients with inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction proximal to the atrium do not benefit from TIPS and a surgical approach is mandatory. We report the case of BCS due to intrapericardial IVC obstruction. We describe a novel surgical approach using a fresh caval homograft. An attempt to balloon dilatation of the IVC obstruction was complicated by right atrial disruption with tamponade and ventricular fibrillation. Lately, the patient successfully underwent a reconstruction of the cavo-atrial continuity by the interposition of a fresh caval homograft, a novel surgical approach never described before for BCS. Further follow-up revealed progressive reduction and resolution of ascites, and overall clinical improvement. IVC obstruction near to the atrium can be surgically approached with a new technique consisting in inferior vena cava resection and replacement with a caval homograft. | Andrea Mancuso Luigi Martinelli Luciano De Carlis Antonio Gaetano Rampoldi Giovanni Magenta Aldo Cannata Luca Saverio Belli | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，5： | 9 |
| 9 | 基于组合RNN网络的EMG信号手势识别显示文摘肌肉计算机接口(MCI)系统是虚拟现实、人机交互研究的热点之一,其核心问题是EMG肌电信号分类,因而MCI系统可以与深度学习方法有效结合。表面EMG信号分为高密度瞬时信号与稀疏多通道信号,前者类似于图像,可以采用CNN网络处理;本文应用RNN网络对后者进行研究,并利用MYO臂环实现了相应MCI系统。稀疏多通道EMG信号是不定长时间序列信号,前后时间相关性高,采用RNN网络进行分类。通过对原始信号进行时域、时频域、频域特征拓展,获得原始信号的多流特征序列,并提出两类组合RNN网络架构处理相应多流信号。用户依赖时算法准确率达90.78%,非用户依赖的人群测试中手势识别准确率达78.01%,实时动作识别准确率达82.09%,算法能在61.7毫秒内识别手势动作。本文所提出的组合RNN网络方法可以有效区分基于EMG信号的不同动作,且所设计的MCI系统用户泛化性与工作实时性表现好。 | 周旭峰 王醒策 武仲科 Vladimir Korkhov Luciano Paschoal Gaspary | 2020 | 光学精密工程2020，28，2： | 9 |
| 10 | 动物研究系统评价的方法学质量调查显示文摘目的系统评价可作为将基础生命科学研究从实验室转化到人体研究和健康保健措施的工具。对动物研究的系统评价是否系统且不存在偏倚,目前尚不知。方法我们检索了MED LINE、EMBASE、已知系统评价的参考文献(1996~2004)并联系相关专家,至少检索一个对公众开放的数据库全面收集基础科学文献的引文,均未设定语言限制。我们从中纳入那些在动物身上测量实验室参数或在活体动物身上给予治疗以评价疗效研究的系统评价,并将其与在实验室中研究人体或动物组织、细胞系统或器官标本以进一步了解疾病机理体外研究的系统评价进行比较。结果动物研究的系统评价通常缺少如定义供检验的假设(9/30,30%);文献检索不设语言限制(8/30,26.6%);评价发表偏倚(5/30,16.6%)、研究的真实性(15/30,50%)和异质性(10/30,33.3%);及使用Meta分析用于定量合成(12/30,40%)等方法学特征。与体外研究的系统评价相比,动物研究的系统评价更多地限定了研究问题(96.6%vs.80%,P=0.04)、综合检索了多个数据库(60%vs.26.6%,P=0.01)、评价了研究质量(50%vs.20%,P=0.01)及探讨了研究异质性(33.3%vs.2.2%,P=0.001),因此更少出现偏倚。结论在各类系统评价中,方法学质量问题的出现频率似乎存在一定的梯度:虽然与人体临床试验的系统评价相比,整体动物研究的系统评价质量明显较差,但其仍优于体外研究的系统评价。在系统评价动物研究时,有必要更严格。 | Luciano E Mignini Khalid S Khan 刁骧(译) 李幼平(审校) | 2006 | 中国循证医学杂志2006，6，10： | 8 |
| 11 | Current status and perspectives in split liver transplantation显示文摘Growing experience with the liver splitting technique and favorable results equivalent to those of whole liver transplant have led to wider application of split liver transplantation(SLT) for adult and pediatric recipients in the last decade. Conversely, SLT for two adult recipients remains a challenging surgical procedure and outcomes have yet to improve. Differences in organ shortages together with religious and ethical issues related to cadaveric organ donation have had an impact on the worldwide distribution of SLT. Despite technical refinements and a better understanding of the complex liver anatomy, SLT remains a technically and logistically demanding surgical procedure. This article reviews the surgical and clinical advances in this field of liver transplantation focusing on the role of SLT and the issues that may lead a further expansion of this complex surgical procedure. | Andrea Lauterio Stefano Di Sandro Giacomo Concone Riccardo De Carlis Alessandro Giacomoni Luciano De Carlis | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，39： | 8 |
| 12 | Fetal brain tumors:Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging显示文摘Congenital central nervous system tumors diagnosed during pregnancy are rare, and often have a poor prognosis. The most frequent type is the teratoma. Use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance image allows the suspicion of brain tumors during pregnancy. However, the definitive diagnosis is only confirmed after birth by histology. The purpose of this mini-review article is to describe the general clinical aspects of intracranial tumors and describe the main fetal brain tumors. | Herbene Jose Milani Edward Araujo Junior Sergio Cavalheiro Patrícia Soares Oliveira Wagner Jou Hisaba Enoch Quindere Sa Barreto Maurício Mendes Barbosa Luciano Marcondes Nardozza Antonio Fernandes Moron | 2015 | World Journal of Radiology2015，7，1： | 7 |
| 13 | Towards a Formal Semantics for UML/MARTE State Machines Based on Hierarchical Timed Automata显示文摘UML is a widely-used,general purpose modeling language.But its lack of a rigorous semantics forbids the thorough analysis of designed solution,and thus precludes the discovery of significant problems at design time.To bridge the gap,the paper investigates the underlying semantics of UML state machine diagrams,along with the time-related modeling elements of MARTE,the profile for modeling and analysis of real-time embedded systems,and proposes a formal operational semantics based on extended hierarchical timed automata.The approach is exemplified on a simple example taken from the automotive domain.Verification is accomplished by translating designed models into the input language of the UPPAAL model checker. | Yu Zhou Luciano Baresi Matteo Rossi | 2013 | Journal of Computer Science & Technology2013，28，1： | 7 |
| 14 | Efficacy and Safety of the Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist Obeticholic Acid in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease显示文摘 | Sunder Mudaliar Robert R. Henry Arun J. Sanyal Linda Morrow Hanns-Ulrich Marschall Mark Kipnes Luciano Adorini Cathi I. Sciacca Paul Clopton Erin Castelloe Paul Dillon Mark Pruzanski David Shapiro | 2013 | Gastroenterology2013，，： | 7 |
| 15 | Kounis syndrome:a clinical entity penetrating from pediatrics to geriatrics显示文摘1 Introduction Kounis syndrome constitutes a coronary hypersensitivity disorder defined by the association of an anaphylactoid,anaphylactic,allergic or hypersensitivity reaction with an acute coronary syndrome,in a physiopathological context involving various interrelated and interacting inflammatory cells,such as mast-cells,eosinophils and platelets.[1,2]Similar entities to Kounis syndrome might involve cerebral and mesenteric arteries. | Mattia Giovannini Ioanna Koniari Francesca Mori Silvia Ricci Luciano De Simone Silvia Favilli Sandra Trapani Giuseppe Indolfi Nicholas George Kounis Elio Novembre | 2020 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2020，17，5： | 7 |
| 16 | Role of nitric oxide in the impairment of circular muscle contractility of distended, uninflamed mid-colon in TNBS-induced acute distal colitis in rats显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the motor disorders of the dilated uninflamed mid-colon (DUMC)from trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute distal colitis in rats.METHODS: Colitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intracolonic administration of TNBS.Control rats received an enema of 0.9% saline. The rats were killed 48 h after TNBS or saline administration.Macroscopic and histologic lesions of the colon were evaluated. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity were measured on the colonic tissue. In TNBS rats, we evaluated spontaneous and evoked contractile activity in circular muscle strips derived from DUMC in comparison to the same colonic segment of control rats, both in the presence and in the absence of a non-selective NOS isoforms inhibitor N-nitro-Larginine (L-NNA). Pharmacological characterization of electric field stimulation (EFS)-evoked contractile responses was also performed.RESULTS: In TNBS rats, the distal colon showed severe histological lesions and a high MPO activity, while the DUMC exhibited normal histology and MPO activity.Constitutive NOS activity was similar in TNBS and control rats, whereas inducible NOS activity was significantly increased only in the injured distal colon of TNBS rats.Isometrically recorded mechanical activity of circular muscle strips from DUMC of TNBS rats showed a marked reduction of the force and frequency of spontaneous contractions compared to controls, as well as of the contractile responses to a contracting stimulus. In the presence of L-NNA, the contractile activity and responses displayed a significantly greater enhancement compared to controls. The pharmacological characterization of EFS contractile responses showed that a cooperative-like interaction between cholinergic muscarinic and tachykinergic neurokinin 1 and 2 receptors mediated transmission in DUMC of TNBS rats vs a simple additive interaction in controls.CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that, during TNBS-induced acute distal colitis, circular muscle intrinsic contractile mechanisms and possible enteric neural excitatory activity are inhibited in the distended uninflamed mid-colon. Suppression of NO synthesis markedly improves spontaneous and evokes muscle contractions, in spite of any evident change in local NO activity. | Luciano Onori Annalisa Aggio Simona D'Alo' Paola Muzi Maria Grazia Cifone Gabriella Mellillo Rachele Ciccocioppo Gennaro Taddei Giuseppe Frieri Giovanni Latella | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，36： | 7 |
| 17 | Percutaneous electrochemotherapy in the treatment of portal vein tumor thrombosis at hepatic hilum in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: A feasibility study显示文摘AIM To treated with electrochemotherapy(ECT) a prospective case series of patients with liver cirrhosis and Vp3-Vp4- portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT) from hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), in order to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of this new non thermal ablative technique in those patients. METHODS Six patients(5 males and 1 female), aged 61-85 years(mean age, 70 years), four in Child-Pugh A and two in Child-Pugh B class, entered our study series. All patients were studied with three-phase computed tomography(CT), contrast enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) and ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy of the thrombus before ECT. All patients underwent ECT treatment(Cliniporator Vitae?, IGEA Sp A, Carpi, Modena, Italy) of Vp3-Vp4 PVTT in a single session. At the end of the procedure a post-treatment biopsy of the thrombus was performed. Scheduled follow-up in all patients entailed: CEUS within 24 h after treatment; triphasic contrastenhanced CT and CEUS at 3 mo after treatment and every six months thereafter.RESULTS Post-treatment CEUS showed complete absence of enhancement of the treated thrombus in all cases. Post-treatment biopsy showed apoptosis and necrosis of tumor cells in all cases. The follow-up ranged from 9 to 20 mo(median, 14 mo). In 2 patients, the followup CT and CEUS demonstrated complete patency of the treated portal vein. Other 3 patients showed a persistent avascular non-tumoral shrinked thrombus at CEUS and CT during follow-up. No local recurrence was observed at follow-up CT and CEUS in 5/6 patients. One patient was lost to follow-up because of death from gastrointestinal hemorrage 5 wk after ECT. CONCLUSION In patients with cirrhosis, ECT seems effective and safe for curative treatment of Vp3-Vp4 PVTT from HCC. | Luciano Tarantino Giuseppina Busto Aurelio Nasto Raffaele Fristachi Luigi Cacace Maria Talamo Catello Accardo Sara Bortone Paolo Gallo Paolo Tarantino Riccardo Aurelio Nasto Matteo Nicola Dario Di Minno Pasquale Ambrosino | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，5： | 7 |
| 18 | Chronic radiation proctopathy: A practical review of endoscopic treatment显示文摘Chronic radiation proctopathy(CRP) is a troublesome complication of pelvic radiotherapy. The most common presentation is rectal bleeding. CRP symptoms interfere with daily activities and decrease quality of life. Rectal bleeding management in patients with CRP represents a conundrum for practitioners. Medical therapy is ineffective in general and surgical approach has a high morbidmortality. Endoscopy has a role in the diagnosis,staging and treatment of this disease. Currently available endoscopic modalities are formalin,potassium titanyl phosphate laser,neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser,argon laser,bipolar electrocoagulation(BiCAP),heater probe,band ligation,cryotherapy,radiofrequency ablation and argon plasma coagulation(APC). Among these options,APC is the most promising. | Luciano Lenz Rachel Rohr Frank Nakao Ermelindo Libera Angelo Ferrari | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，2： | 7 |
| 19 | Mercury in aquatic fauna contamination:A systematic review on its dynamics and potential health risks显示文摘Mercury is an important pollutant,released into aquatic ecosystems both naturally and by anthropogenic action.This element is transferred to aquatic organisms in different ways,causing potential health risks.In addition,mercury can be accumulated by humans,especially through the consumption of contaminated food.This systematic review aims to present mercury pathways,the major routes through which this element reaches the aquatic environment and its transformations until becoming available to living animals,leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification phenomena.The key biotic and abiotic factors affecting such processes,the impact of mercury on animal and human health and the issue of seafood consumption as a source of chronic mercury contamination are also addressed.A total of 101 articles were retrieved from a standardized search on three databases(PubMed,Emabse,and Web of Science),in addition to 28 other studies not found on these databases but considered fundamental to this review(totaling 129 articles).Both biotic and abiotic factors display fundamental importance in mediating mercurial dynamics,i.e.,muscle tropism,and salinity,respectively.Consequently,mercurial contamination in aquatic environments affects animal health,especially the risk of extinction species and also on human health,with methylmercury the main mercury species responsible for acute and chronic symptomatology. | Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues Rafaela Gomes Ferrari Luciano Neves dos Santos Carlos Adam Conte Junior | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，10： | 6 |
| 20 | Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and neurological and psychiatric disorders:An overview显示文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is considered a systemic disease because of involvement of other organs and tissues concomitantly with liver disease.Among the extrahepatic manifestations,neuropsychiatric disorders have been reported in up to 50%of chronic HCV infected patients.Both the central and peripheral nervous system may be involved with a wide variety of clinical manifestations.Main HCV-associated neurological conditions include cerebrovascular events,encephalopathy,myelitis,encephalomyelitis,and cognitive impairment,whereas'brain fog',depression,anxiety,and fatigue are at the top of the list of psychiatric disorders.Moreover,HCV infection is known to cause both motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy in the context of mixed cryoglobulinemia,and has also been recently recognized as an independent risk factor for stroke.These extrahepatic manifestations are independent of severity of the underlying chronic liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy.The brain is a suitable site for HCV replication,where the virus may directly exert neurotoxicity;other mechanisms proposed to explain the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders in chronic HCV infection include derangement of metabolic pathways of infected cells,alterations in neurotransmitter circuits,autoimmune disorders,and cerebral or systemic inflammation.A pathogenic role for HCV is also suggested by improvement of neurological and psychiatric symptoms in patients achieving a sustained virologic response following interferon treatment;however,further ad hoc trials are needed to fully assess the impact of HCV infection and specific antiviral treatments on associated neuropsychiatric disorders. | Luigi Elio Adinolfi Riccardo Nevola Giacomo Lus Luciano Restivo Barbara Guerrera Ciro Romano Rosa Zampino Luca Rinaldi Ausilia Sellitto Mauro Giordano Aldo Marrone | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，8： | 6 |
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