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| 1 | Therapeutic upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy in Paediatric Gastroenterology显示文摘Since the first report of use of endoscopy in children in the 1970 s, there has seen an exponential growthin published experience and innovation in the field. In this review article we focus on modern age therapeutic endoscopy practice, explaining use of traditional as well as new and innovative techniques, for diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the paediatric upper gastrointestinal tract. | Imdadur Rahman Praful Patel Philip Boger Shahnawaz Rasheed Mike Thomson Nadeem Ahmad Afzal | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，3： | 14 |
| 2 | Double balloon enteroscopy in children:Diagnosis,treatment,and safety显示文摘AIM:To assess the feasibility and utility of double balloon enteroscopy(DBE)in the management of small bowel diseases in children. METHODS:Fourteen patients(10 males)with a median age of 12.9 years(range 8.1-16.7)underwent DBE; 5 for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJ syndrome),2 for chronic abdominal pain,4 for obscure gastrointestinal (GI)bleeding,2 with angiomatous malformations(1 blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome)having persistent GI bleeding,and 1 with Cowden's syndrome with multiple polyps and previous intussusception.Eleven procedures were performed under general anesthesia and 3 with deep sedation. RESULTS:The entire small bowel was examined in 6 patients,and a length between 200 cm and 320 cm distal to pylorus in the remaining 8.Seven patients had both antegrade(trans-oral)and retrograde(transanal and via ileostomy)examinations.One patient underwent DBE with planned laparoscopic assistance.The remaining 6 had trans-oral examination only.The median examination time was 118 min(range 95-195). No complications were encountered.Polyps were detected and successfully removed in all 5 patients with PJ syndrome,in a patient with tubulo-villous adenoma of the duodenum,in a patient with significant anemia and occult bleeding,and in a patient with Cowden's syndrome.A diagnosis was made in a patient with multiple angiomata not amenable to endotherapy,and in 1 with a discrete angioma which was treated with argon plasma coagulation.The source of bleeding was identified in a further patient with varices.DBE was normal or revealed minor mucosal friability in the remaining 3 patients.Hence a diagnostic yield of 11/14 with therapeutic success in 9/14 was achieved. CONCLUSION:Double balloon enteroscopy can be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for small bowel disease in children,allowing endo-therapeutic intervention beyond the reach of the conventional endoscope. | Mike Thomson Krishnappa Venkatesh Khalid Elmalik Willam van der Veer Maartan Jaacobs | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，1： | 11 |
| 3 | Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and gastrooesophageal reflux in neurologically impaired children显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) feeding on gastro-oesophageal reflux(GOR) in a group of these children using combined intraluminal pH and multiple intraluminal impedance(pH/MII) . METHODS:Ten neurologically impaired children underwent 12 h combined pH/MII procedures at least 1 d before and at least 12 d after PEG placement. METHODS:Prior to PEG placement(pre-PEG) a total of 183 GOR episodes were detected,156(85.2%) were non-acidic.After PEG placement(post-PEG) a total of 355 episodes were detected,182(51.3%) were nonacidic.The total number of distal acid reflux events statistically significantly increased post-PEG placement(prePEG total 27,post-PEG total 173,P=0.028) and themean distal pH decreased by 1.1 units.The distal reflux index therefore also significantly increased post-PEG [pre-PEG 0.25(0-2) ,post-PEG 2.95(0-40) ].Average proximal pH was lower post-PEG but the within subject difference was not statistically significant(P=0.058) . Median number of non-acid GOR,average reflux height,total acid clearance time and total bolus clearance time were all lower pre-PEG,but not statistically significant. CONCLUSION:PEG placement increases GOR episodes in neurologically impaired children. | Mike Thomson Prithviraj Rao David Rawat Tobias G Wenzl | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，2： | 8 |
| 4 | Mortality associated with gastrointestinal bleeding in children: A retrospective cohort study显示文摘AIM To determine the clinical characteristics of children with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) who died during the course of their admission.METHODS We interrogated the Pediatric Hospital Information System database, including International Classification of Diseases, Current Procedural Terminology and Clinical Transaction Classification coding from 47 pediatric tertiary centers extracting the population of patients (1-21 years of age) admitted (inpatient or observation) with acute, upper or indeterminate GIB(1/2007-9/2015). Descriptive statistics, unadjusted univariate and adjusted multivariate analysis of the associations between patient characteristics and treatment course with mortality was performed with mortality as primary and endoscopy a secondary outcome of interest. All analyses were performed using the R statistical package, v.3.2.3. RESULTS The population with GIB was 19528; 54.6% were male, overall mortality was 2.07%;(0.37% in patients with the principal diagnosis of GIB). When consideringonly the mortalities in which GIB was the principal diagnosis, 48% (12 of 25 principal diagnosis GIB mortalities) died within the first 3 d of admission, whereas 19.8% of secondary diagnosis GIB patients died with 3 d of admission. Patients who died were more likely to have received octreotide (19.8% c.f. 4.04%) but tended to have not received proton pump inhibitor therapy in the first 48 h, and far less likely to have undergone endoscopy during their admission(OR = 0.489, P < 0.0001). Chronic liver disease associated with a greater likelihood of endoscopy. Mortalities were significantly more likely to have multiple complex chronic conditions. CONCLUSION GIB associated mortality in children is highest within 7 d of admission. Multiple comorbidities are a risk factor whereas early endoscopy during the admission is protective. | Thomas M Attard Mikaela Miller Chaitanya Pant Ashwath Kumar Mike Thomson | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，9： | 6 |
| 5 | Feasibility of confocal endomicroscopy in the diagnosis of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the feasibility and utility of confocal laser endomicroscopy(CLE) in the description of normal gastrointestinal(GI) mucosa and in the diagnosis of GI disorders in children,in comparison to histology.METHODS:Forty-four patients(19 female) median age 10.9 years(range 0.7-16.6 years) with suspected or known GI pathology underwent esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy(OGD)(n = 36) and/or ileocolonoscopy(IC)(n = 31) with CLE using sodium fluorescein and acriflavine as contrast agents.Histological sections were compared with same site confocal images by two experienced pediatric and GI histopathologists and endoscopists,respectively.RESULTS:Duodenum and ileum were intubated in all but one patient undergoing OGD and IC.The median procedure time was 16.4 min(range 7-25 min) for OGD and 27.9 min(range 15-45 min) for IC.A total of 4798 confocal images were compared with 153 biopsies from the upper GI tract from 36 procedures,and 4661 confocal images were compared with 188 biopsies from the ileocolon from 31 procedures.Confocal images were comparable to conventional histology both in normal and in pathological conditions such as esophagitis,Helicobacter pylori gastritis,celiac disease,inflammatory bowel disease,colonic heterotopia,and graft versus host disease.CONCLUSION:CLE offers the prospect of targeting biopsies to abnormal mucosa,thereby increasing diagnostic yield,reducing the number of biopsies,decreasing the burden on the histopathological services,and reducing costs. | Krishnappa Venkatesh Marta Cohen Clair Evans Peter Delaney Steven Thomas Christopher Taylor Ashraf Abou-Taleb Ralf Kiesslich Mike Thomson | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，18： | 2 |
| 6 | Management of hyperplastic gastric polyp following upper gastrointestinal bleeding in infant with Menkes' disease显示文摘We report a case of an infant with Menkes' disease(MD) presented at the age of five months,with coffee ground vomiting,melaena with a significant drop of haemoglobin.Urgent endoscopic assessment revealed a friable bleeding trans-pyloric multi-lobulated sessile polyp.Due to further significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding,polypectomy occurred.Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed with a grasp-and-snare technique using a dual channel operating gastroscope.Haemostasis was achieved by application of argon plasma coagulation where required.No perforation occurred.Repeated debridement was required 6 wk after which the growth was excised completely with no further blood transfusion required after that procedure.Histological examination confirmed ulcerated and inflamed hyperplastic polyp.We discuss our endoscopic technique and discuss the reported gastrointestinal manifestation of MD in the literature. | Dalia Belsha Priya Narula Arun Urs Mike Thomson | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2017，9，7： | 2 |
| 7 | Review on sedation for gastrointestinal tract endoscopy in children by non-anesthesiologists显示文摘AIM: To present evidence and formulate recommendations for sedation in pediatric gastrointestinal(GI) endoscopy by non-anesthesiologists.METHODS: The databases MEDLINE, Cochrane and EMBASE were searched for the following keywords 'endoscopy, GI', 'endoscopy, digestive system' AND 'sedation', 'conscious sedation', 'moderate sedation', 'deep sedation' and 'hypnotics and sedatives' for publications in English restricted to the pediatric age. We searched additional information published between January 2011 and January 2014. Searches for(upper) GI endoscopy sedation in pediatrics and sedation guidelines by non-anesthesiologists for the adult population were performed. RESULTS: From the available studies three sedation protocols are highlighted. Propofol, which seems to offer the best balance between efficacy and safety is rarely used by non-anesthesiologists mainly because of legal restrictions. Ketamine and a combination of a benzodiazepine and an opioid are more frequently used. Data regarding other sedatives, anesthetics and adjuvant medications used for pediatric GI endoscopy are also presented.CONCLUSION: General anesthesia by a multidisciplinary team led by an anesthesiologist is preferred. The creation of sedation teams led by non-anesthesiologists and a careful selection of anesthetic drugs may offer an alternative, but should be in line with national legislation and institutional regulations. | Rok Orel Jernej Brecelj Jorge Amil Dias Claudio Romano Fernanda Barros Mike Thomson Yvan Vandenplas | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，9： | 2 |
| 8 | Utilisation of magnets to enhance gastrointestinal endoscopy显示文摘Methods to assess, access and treat pathology within the gastrointestinal tract continue to evolve with video endoscopy replacing radiology as the gold standard. Whilst endoscope technology develops further with the advent of newer higher resolution chips, an array of adjuncts has been developed to enhance endoscopy in other ways; most notable is the use of magnets. Magnets are utilised in many areas, ranging from endoscopic training, lesion resection, aiding manoeuvrability of capsule endoscopes, to assisting in easy placement of tubes for nutritional feeding. Some of these are still at an experimental stage, whilst others are being increasingly incorporated in our everyday practice. | Imdadur Rahman Praful Patel Philip Boger Mike Thomson Nadeem Ahmad AfzalImdadur | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，19： | 2 |
| 9 | Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): A Global Perspective显示文摘 | Peter Ferenci Michael Fried Douglas Labrecque Jordi Bruix Morris Sherman Masao Omata Jenny Heathcote Teehra Piratsivuth Mike Kew Jesse A. Otegbayo S.S. Zheng S. Sarin Saeed S. Hamid Salma Barakat Modawi Wolfgang Fleig Suliman Fedail Alan Thomson Aamir Kha | 2010 | Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology2010，，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Confocal Endomicroscopy in Ulcerative Colitis: Differentiating Dysplasia-Associated Lesional Mass and Adenoma-Like Mass显示文摘 | David P. Hurlstone Mike Thomson S. Brown Nick Tiffin Simon S. Cross Michael D. Hunter | 2007 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2007，，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Defining esophageal landmarks, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Barrett’s esophagus显示文摘 | Kenneth DeVault Barry P. McMahon Altay Celebi Guido Costamagna Michele Marchese John O. Clarke Reza A. Hejazi Richard W. McCallum Vincenzo Savarino Patrizia Zentilin Edoardo Savarino Mike Thomson Rhonda F. Souza Claire L. Donohoe Naoimh J. O’Farrell John | 2013 | Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci2013，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Defining esophageal landmarks, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Barrett’s esophagus显示文摘 | Kenneth DeVault Barry P. McMahon Altay Celebi Guido Costamagna Michele Marchese John O. Clarke Reza A. Hejazi Richard W. McCallum Vincenzo Savarino Patrizia Zentilin Edoardo Savarino Mike Thomson Rhonda F. Souza Claire L. Donohoe Naoimh J. O’Farrell John | 2013 | Ann NY Acad Sci2013，，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): A Global Perspective显示文摘 | Peter Ferenci Michael Fried Douglas Labrecque Jordi Bruix Morris Sherman Masao Omata Jenny Heathcote Teehra Piratsivuth Mike Kew Jesse A. Otegbayo S.S. Zheng S. Sarin Saeed S. Hamid Salma Barakat Modawi Wolfgang Fleig Suliman Fedail Alan Thomson Aamir Kha | 2010 | Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology2010，，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): A Global Perspective显示文摘 | Peter Ferenci Michael Fried Douglas Labrecque Jordi Bruix Morris Sherman Masao Omata Jenny Heathcote Teehra Piratsivuth Mike Kew Jesse A. Otegbayo S.S. Zheng S. Sarin Saeed S. Hamid Salma Barakat Modawi Wolfgang Fleig Suliman Fedail Alan Thomson Aamir Kha | 2010 | Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology2010，，： | 1 |
| 15 | An Antibody Against IL-5 Reduces Numbers of Esophageal Intraepithelial Eosinophils in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis显示文摘 | Amal H. Assa’ad Sandeep K. Gupta Margaret H. Collins Mike Thomson Amy T. Heath Deborah A. Smith Teresa L. Perschy Cynthia H. Jurgensen Hector G. Ortega Seema S. Aceves | 2011 | Gastroenterology2011，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Wireless Capsule Endoscopy in Children: A Study to Assess Diagnostic Yield in Small Bowel Disease in Paediatric Patients显示文摘 | Mike Thomson Annette Fritscher-Ravens Maria Mylonaki Paul Swain Muftah Eltumi Robert Heuschkel Simon Murch Mark McAlindon Mark Furman | 2007 | Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition2007，，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Challenges of banding jejunal varices in an 8-year-old child显示文摘Endoscoic variceal ligation(EVL) by the application of bands on small bowel varices is a relatively rare procedure in gastroenterology and hepatology. There are no previously reported paediatric cases of EVL for jejunal varices. We report a case of an eight-yearold male patient with a complex surgical background leading to jejunal varices and short bowel syndrome, presenting with obscure but profound acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Wireless capsule endoscopy and double balloon enteroscopy(DBE) confirmed jejunal varices as the source of bleeding. The commercially available variceal banding devices are not long enough to be used either with DBE or with push enteroscopes. With the use of an operating gastroscope, four bands were placed successfully on the afferent and efferent ends of the leads of the 2 of the varices. Initial hemostasis was achieved with obliteration of the varices after three separate applications. This case illustrates the feasibility of achieving initial hemostasis in the pediatric population. | Dalia Belsha Mike Thomson | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，19： | 0 |
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