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12010年世界胃肠病学组织关于炎症性肠病诊断和治疗的实践指南显示文摘炎症性肠病(IBD)是一组特发性、慢性、炎症性肠道疾病状态,包括两种主要类型:克罗恩病(CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(UC),两者的临床和病理特征既有重叠又有区别。IBD过去常见于发达国家,近几十年,发展中国家的患病率逐步上升。本指南就IBD诊断和治疗方面提出的独特议题在当前的文献和指南中几乎从未被提及。由于各地区的IBD临床特点差异较大,因此根据患者的主诉诊断IBD或评估疾病活动度需随地区的变化而变化。同样,治疗亦应根据疾病的分类和当地医疗资源进行调整。世界胃肠病学组织根据世界各国医疗资源的差异,采用级联方法制订了IBD的诊疗指南。Charles N.Bernstein Michael Fried J.H.Krabshuis Henry Cohen R.Eliakim Suleiman Fedail Richard Gearry K.L.Goh Saheed Hamid Aamir Ghafor Khan A.W.LeMair Malfertheiner Qin Ouyang J.F.Rey Ajit Sood Flavio Steinwurz Ole O.Thomsen Alan Thomson Gillian Watermeyer 杨钊斌 杨川华 钱本余 2010胃肠病学2010,15,9:101
2Nanog and transcriptional networks in embryonic stem cell pluripotency显示文摘象 LIF, BMP 和 Wnt 那样的几个外来的信号能支持胚胎的茎(ES ) 的 theself 更新和 pluripotency 通过调整的房间“ pluripotentgenes。“一个唯一的 homeobox 抄写因素, Nanog,是这些信号的关键下游的受动器之一。Nanog 的提高的水平能维持老鼠 ES 细胞自强独立人士 ofLIF 并且没有喂入器饲料分送器细胞,启用人的 ES 细胞生长。除了外部信号,小径,象 FoxD3 那样的内在的抄写因素, P53 和 Oct4 也涉及调整 Nanog 的表示。机能上地, Nanog 和象 Oct4 和 Sox2 那样的另外的关键 pluripotentfactors 工作控制在 EScell pluripotency 有重要函数的一套目标基因。这些关键因素形成一个规章的网络支持或限制对方“ sexpression 铺平房间,它维持 ES 的性质。Guangjin Pan James A Thomson 2007Cell Research2007,17,1:51
3对中国流动人口结核防治工作干预策略的循证评价显示文摘目的调查分析既往及正在执行的结核病控制项目在改善中国流动人口结核病服务获得和利用方面所采取的相关政策文件和干预措施,并评价其效果和影响,为进一步开展结核病防治工作提供依据和建议。方法计算机检索MEDLINE、PubMed、CNKI、CBMdisc、万方学位论文全文数据库及VIP,纳入1988~2008年发表的关于流动人口结核防治工作的文献。同时采用非概率目的性抽样方法,在获得访谈对象知情同意后进行现场访谈。结果共检索到58篇文献,其中符合纳入标准的已发表文献8篇,未发表文献5篇,但其中仅有1篇为RCT,质量仅为B级。二次文献研究结果显示:我国目前对流动人口结核病防治采取的措施包括健康促进、提供激励机制、对病人实行督导管理等,且采取不同干预后病人知识知晓率、结核病治愈率均有所提高;但现场访谈结果显示,多数结核病人及疑似病例对于结核的防治知识及免费政策知晓不够,地区间结核病階治机构间没有有效的信息交流,致使流动人口追踪督导困难,结核病人的发现、治疗仍有待加强。结论现有针对流动人群的结核病防治研究中,缺乏高质量研究,因此难以对流动人口的结核病干预措施的效果做出客观、公正的评价;今后应开展专门针对流动人口结核病控制的大样本、多中心、高质量的RCT研究,为制定科学可行的干预设计方案提供依据。陈涛 汪洋 唐晓君 曾缓 刘晓雪 刘琴 龙倩 Kadale Consultants Rachael Thomson 2009中国循证医学杂志2009,9,4:27
4Safety of the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors显示文摘The proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as a class are remarkably safe and effective for persons with peptic ulcer disorders. Serious adverse events are extremely rare for PPIs, with case reports of interstitial nephritis with omeprazole, hepatitis with omeprazole and lansoprazole, and disputed visual disturbances with pantoprazole and omeprazole. PPI use is associated with the development of fundic gland polyps (FGP); stopping PPIs is associated with regression of FGP. In the absence of Helicobacter pylori infection, the long-term use of PPIs has not been convincingly proven to cause or be associated with the progression of pre-existing chronic gastritis or gastric atrophy or intestinal metaplasia. Mild/modest hypergastrinemia is a physiological response to the reduction in gastric acid secretion due to any cause. The long-term use of PPIs has not been convincingly proven to cause enterochromaff in-like cell hyperplasia or carcinoid tumors. PPIs increase the risk of community acquired pneumonia, but not of hospital acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia. There is no data to support particular care in prescribing PPI therapy due to concerns about risk of hip fracture with the long-termuse of PPIs. Long-term use of PPIs does not lead to vitamin B12 def iciencies, except possibly in the elderly, or in persons with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome who are on high doses of PPI for prolonged periods of time. There is no convincingly proven data that PPIs increase the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in persons in the community. The discontinuation of PPIs may result in rebound symptoms requiring further and even continuous PPI use for suppression of symptoms. As with all medications, the key is to use PPIs only when clearly indicated, and to reassess continued use so that long-term therapy is used judiciously. Thus, in summary, the PPIs are a safe class of medications to use longterm in persons in whom there is a clear need for the maintenance of extensive acid inhibition.Alan BR Thomson Michel D Sauve Narmin Kassam Holly Kamitakahara 2010World Journal of Gastroenterology2010,16,19:20
5Necrotizing enterocolitis: A multifactorial disease with no cure显示文摘Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory bowel disease of neonates with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Due to the multifactorial nature o the disease and limitations in disease models, early diagnosis remains challenging and the pathogenesis elusive. Although preterm birth, hypoxic-ischemic events formula feeding, and abnormal bacteria colonization are established risk factors, the role of genetics and vasoactive/inflammatory mediators is unclear Consequently, treatments do not target the specific underlying disease processes and are symptomatic and surgically invasive. Breast-feeding is the most effective preventative measure. Recent advances in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis have focused on bioactive nutrients and trophic factors in human milk. Developmen of new disease models including the aspect of prematurity that consistently predisposes neonates to the disease with multiple risk factors will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and lead to discovery of innovative therapeutics.Kareena L Schnabl John E Van Aerde Alan BR Thomson Michael T Clandinin 2008World Journal of Gastroenterology2008,14,14:19
6Celiac disease:Prevalence,diagnosis,pathogenesis and treatment显示文摘Celiac disease(CD) is one of the most common diseases,resulting from both environmental(gluten) and genetic factors [human leukocyte antigen(HLA) and nonHLA genes].The prevalence of CD has been estimated to approximate 0.5%-1% in different parts of the world.However,the population with diabetes,autoimmune disorder or relatives of CD individuals have even higher risk for the development of CD,at least in part,because of shared HLA typing.Gliadin gains access to the basal surface of the epithelium,and interact directly with the immune system,via both trans-and para-cellular routes.From a diagnostic perspective,symptoms may be viewed as either 'typical' or 'atypical'.In both positive serological screening results suggestive of CD,should lead to small bowel biopsy followed by a favourable clinical and serological response to the gluten-free diet(GFD) to confirm the diagnosis.Positive anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody or antiendomysial antibody during the clinical course helps to confirm the diagnosis of CD because of their over 99% specificities when small bowel villous atrophy is present on biopsy.Currently,the only treatment available for CD individuals is a strict life-long GFD.A greater understanding of the pathogenesis of CD allows alternative future CD treatments to hydrolyse toxic gliadin peptide,prevent toxic gliadin peptide absorption,blockage of selective deamidation of specific glutamine residues by tissue,restore immune tolerance towards gluten,modulation of immune response to dietary gliadin,and restoration of intestinal architecture.Naiyana Gujral Hugh J Freeman Alan BR Thomson 2012World Journal of Gastroenterology2012,18,42:19
7Therapeutic upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy in Paediatric Gastroenterology显示文摘Since the first report of use of endoscopy in children in the 1970 s, there has seen an exponential growthin published experience and innovation in the field. In this review article we focus on modern age therapeutic endoscopy practice, explaining use of traditional as well as new and innovative techniques, for diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the paediatric upper gastrointestinal tract.Imdadur Rahman Praful Patel Philip Boger Shahnawaz Rasheed Mike Thomson Nadeem Ahmad Afzal 2015World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015,7,3:14
8Intestinal sugar transport显示文摘糖类是食谱的一个重要部件。我们摄取的糖类从简单单音的糖类(葡萄糖, fructose 和半乳糖)到 disaccharides (乳糖,蔗糖) 到复杂多糖。大多数糖类被消化由唾液并且胰淀粉酶,并且被酶进一步在 enterocytes 的刷状缘膜(BBM ) 划分成单音的糖类。例如, lactase-phloridzin 水疗院放射激光并且 sucrase-isomaltase 是涉及营养的水解作用的二 disaccharidases 结盟重要 disaccharides。一旦单音的糖类被介绍给 BBM,表示滋养的运输 ers 的成熟 enterocytes 搬运糖进 enterocytes。这篇论文考察贡献了肠的糖运输的一个工作模型的开发的早研究,并且详细说明在理解糖由全神贯注于肠的进程做的最近的进展。Laurie A Drozdowski Alan BR Thomson 2006World Journal of Gastroenterology2006,12,11:13
9Double balloon enteroscopy in children:Diagnosis,treatment,and safety显示文摘AIM:To assess the feasibility and utility of double balloon enteroscopy(DBE)in the management of small bowel diseases in children. METHODS:Fourteen patients(10 males)with a median age of 12.9 years(range 8.1-16.7)underwent DBE; 5 for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJ syndrome),2 for chronic abdominal pain,4 for obscure gastrointestinal (GI)bleeding,2 with angiomatous malformations(1 blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome)having persistent GI bleeding,and 1 with Cowden's syndrome with multiple polyps and previous intussusception.Eleven procedures were performed under general anesthesia and 3 with deep sedation. RESULTS:The entire small bowel was examined in 6 patients,and a length between 200 cm and 320 cm distal to pylorus in the remaining 8.Seven patients had both antegrade(trans-oral)and retrograde(transanal and via ileostomy)examinations.One patient underwent DBE with planned laparoscopic assistance.The remaining 6 had trans-oral examination only.The median examination time was 118 min(range 95-195). No complications were encountered.Polyps were detected and successfully removed in all 5 patients with PJ syndrome,in a patient with tubulo-villous adenoma of the duodenum,in a patient with significant anemia and occult bleeding,and in a patient with Cowden's syndrome.A diagnosis was made in a patient with multiple angiomata not amenable to endotherapy,and in 1 with a discrete angioma which was treated with argon plasma coagulation.The source of bleeding was identified in a further patient with varices.DBE was normal or revealed minor mucosal friability in the remaining 3 patients.Hence a diagnostic yield of 11/14 with therapeutic success in 9/14 was achieved. CONCLUSION:Double balloon enteroscopy can be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for small bowel disease in children,allowing endo-therapeutic intervention beyond the reach of the conventional endoscope.Mike Thomson Krishnappa Venkatesh Khalid Elmalik Willam van der Veer Maartan Jaacobs 2010World Journal of Gastroenterology2010,16,1:11
10In Vivo Phosphorylation Site Mapping and Functional Characterization of Arabidopsis Phototropin 1显示文摘Phototropins (phot1 和 phot2 ) 是控制优化植物的光合的效率的回答的一个范围的蓝光的受体 kinases。察觉到的光被二个黄素绑定主题调停,作为 LOV1 和 LOV2 知道,在蛋白质的 N 终端区域以内定位了。经由 LOV2 的 Photoexcitation 导致 C 终端 kinase 领域并且因而的激活受体 autophosphorylation。然而,为 Arabidopsis phototropins 的 in-vivo phosphorylation 地点的知识在阐明正在缺乏并且阻碍了进步受体 phosphorylation 的功能的意义。我们从 Arabidopsis 净化了 phot1 并且由液体层析双人脚踏车团 spectrometry 识别了受体 phosphorylation 的 in-vivo 地点。导出 Arabidopsis 的 phot1 作为色基绑黄素 mononucleotide 并且是在 LOV2 (Ser58, Ser85, Ser350,和 Ser410 ) 在上游的定位的四个主要地点的 phosphorylated。不过,结构功能分析显示 phot1 的生物活动能被归因于包括蛋白质的 LOV2-kinase 区域的一个模块化的单位。因此,包括这里识别的受体 phosphorylation 的地点, LOV2 在上游的肽区域不看起来为受体发信号重要。由对比,这些区域可能为最大化是必要的有气孔的性能和 phot1 的可能导致光的本地化。Stuart Sullivan Catriona E. Thomson Douglas J. Lamont Matthew A. Jones John M. Christie 2008Molecular Plant2008,1,1:11
11Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and gastrooesophageal reflux in neurologically impaired children显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) feeding on gastro-oesophageal reflux(GOR) in a group of these children using combined intraluminal pH and multiple intraluminal impedance(pH/MII) . METHODS:Ten neurologically impaired children underwent 12 h combined pH/MII procedures at least 1 d before and at least 12 d after PEG placement. METHODS:Prior to PEG placement(pre-PEG) a total of 183 GOR episodes were detected,156(85.2%) were non-acidic.After PEG placement(post-PEG) a total of 355 episodes were detected,182(51.3%) were nonacidic.The total number of distal acid reflux events statistically significantly increased post-PEG placement(prePEG total 27,post-PEG total 173,P=0.028) and themean distal pH decreased by 1.1 units.The distal reflux index therefore also significantly increased post-PEG [pre-PEG 0.25(0-2) ,post-PEG 2.95(0-40) ].Average proximal pH was lower post-PEG but the within subject difference was not statistically significant(P=0.058) . Median number of non-acid GOR,average reflux height,total acid clearance time and total bolus clearance time were all lower pre-PEG,but not statistically significant. CONCLUSION:PEG placement increases GOR episodes in neurologically impaired children.Mike Thomson Prithviraj Rao David Rawat Tobias G Wenzl 2011World Journal of Gastroenterology2011,17,2:8
12Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013显示文摘Marie Ng Tom Fleming Margaret Robinson Blake Thomson Nicholas Graetz Christopher Margono Erin C Mullany Stan Biryukov Cristiana Abbafati Semaw Ferede Abera Jerry P Abraham Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh Tom Achoki Fadia S AlBuhairan Zewdie A Alemu Rafael Alfonso 2014The Lancet2014,,:7
13文献快报(8):童年至成年期不同BMI变化轨迹预示心血管代谢风险的差异显示文摘生命历程中体质量指数(BMI)变化轨迹与成年期心血管疾病的关联尚未明确。来自澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚大学孟席斯医学研究中心、芬兰图尔库大学Magnussen教授带领的团队分析了著名的"芬兰青年人群心血管风险研究"(Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study)的2 631名受试对象在1980年(6-18岁)和2011年随访期(34-49岁)BMI数据,并探讨了其与成年期(34-49岁)心血管疾病危险因素,包括2型糖尿病、高危脂蛋白水平、高血压和颈动脉内膜增厚的关联。BUSCOT M THOMSON R J JUONALA M 孙莹 2018中国学校卫生2018,39,10:7
14对中国监狱犯人结核病防治干预策略的循证评价显示文摘目的调查分析既往及正在执行的结核病控制项目在改善中国监狱犯人对结核病服务获得和利用方面所采取的相关政策文件、干预措施等,并评价其效果和影响,为进一步开展监狱结核病防治工作提供依据和建议。方法计算机检索MEDLINE、PubMed、CNKI、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBMdisc)、万方学位论文全文数据库、VIP,查找1988~2008年已发表的关于中国监狱犯人结核病防治工作的文献。同时采用非概率目的性抽样方法,在获得访谈对象知情同意后进行了定性访谈。结果共检索到23篇文献,其中符合纳入标准的已发表文献8篇,政策文件5篇。二次文献研究结果显示,我国目前对监狱犯人结核病防治采取的措施是:通过普查、逢监必检及因症就诊发现病人;根据羁押人员的不同人群类别,采取'分类指导管理,集中收治管理'的干预措施;在监狱开展健康教育等。采取不同干预措施后病人知识知晓率、结核病发现率、治疗完成率、结核病治愈率等均有很大提高。定性访谈结果显示,监狱结核病犯人及疑似病例均能够被集中隔离,并按现代结核病控制策略(DOT)进行管理;狱医能得到结核病治疗方面的培训,做到持证上岗。结论从已发表、二次文献及定性访谈结果来看,DOTS在该人群中实施得较好,效果显著。陈涛 汪洋 唐晓君 曾缓 刘晓雪 刘琴 龙倩 张帆 Kadale Consultants Rachael Thomson 2009中国循证医学杂志2009,9,10:7
15孤儿药的经济潜力显示文摘随着《美国孤儿药法案》的颁布以及世界多个国家相类似法案的出台,刺激了世界范围的孤儿药研究,为制药公司针对罕见病治疗的药物开发提供了潜在的利益刺激。该报告对孤儿药开发和商业运作的经济和投资进行了分析。表明尽管孤儿药比传统主流药物针对的人群小得多,但高昂的治疗费用及各种具有诱惑力的开发动力,如政府的鼓励、临床试验规模小且时间短、独占期长及审核成功率高等,让顶级孤儿药同非孤儿药一样具有生命力。Thomson Reuters Pfizer 2013科学观察2013,8,1:6
16Nutritional modulation of the inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease-From the molecular to the integrative to the clinical显示文摘Nutrient deficiencies are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both total parenteral and enteral nutrition provide important supportive therapy for IBD patients, but in adults these are not useful for primary therapy. Dietary intervention with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in fish oil may be useful for the care of IBD patients, and recent studies have stressed the role of PPAR on NFκB activity on the potential beneficial effect of dietary lipids on intestinal function.Gary E Wild Laurie Drozdowski Carmela Tartaglia M Tom Clandinin Alan BR Thomson 2007World Journal of Gastroenterology2007,13,1:6
17Dynamic chromatin states in human ES cells reveal potential regulatory sequences and genes involved in pluripotency显示文摘Pluripotency,一个细胞的能力区分并且产生所有胚胎的系,定义象胚胎的茎(ES ) 那样的哺乳动物的细胞类型的一个小数字细胞。当它通常被保持了时,那 pluripotency 是 transcriptional 的产品激活并且维持关键干细胞基因的表达式的规章的网络,积累的证据在建立并且保卫 ES 房间的 pluripotency 为 epigenetic 进程正在指向一个关键角色,象维持区分的房间类型的身份一样。以便更好在 pluripotency 理解 epigenetic 机制的角色,我们检验了在经历区别进一个 mesendodermal 系的人的 ES 房间(hESCs ) 染色体宽的染色质修正的动力学。我们发现在倡导者的染色质修正在区别期间仍然保持大部分不变,除了在在在 H3K27 的 acetylation 和 methylation 之间的一个动态开关标记在基因表示的激活和 silencing 之间的转变的倡导者的一个小数字,建议在在大多数差别上的房间命运承诺的一个层次表示了基因。我们也在 50 000 潜在的 enhancers 上印射,并且在染色质修正,特别 H3K4me1 和 H3K27ac 观察了大得多的动力学,它与他们的潜在的目标基因的表示相关。这些 enhancers 的进一步的分析揭示了 pluripotency 和可以在 hESCs 授与发展胜任的一个平衡状态的一口染色质签名陈述语气的潜在地关键的 transcriptional 管理者。我们的结果提供在定义 enhancers 和 pluripotency 支持染色质修正的角色的新证据。R David Hawkins Gary C Hon Chuhu Yang Jessica E Antosiewicz-Bourget Leonard K Lee Que-Minh Ngo Sarit Klugman Keith A Ching Lee E Edsall Zhen Ye Samantha Kuan Pengzhi Yu Hui Liu Xinmin Zhang Roland D Green Victor V Lobanenkov Ron Stewart James A Thomson Bing Ren 2011Cell Research2011,21,10:6
18Mortality associated with gastrointestinal bleeding in children: A retrospective cohort study显示文摘AIM To determine the clinical characteristics of children with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) who died during the course of their admission.METHODS We interrogated the Pediatric Hospital Information System database, including International Classification of Diseases, Current Procedural Terminology and Clinical Transaction Classification coding from 47 pediatric tertiary centers extracting the population of patients (1-21 years of age) admitted (inpatient or observation) with acute, upper or indeterminate GIB(1/2007-9/2015). Descriptive statistics, unadjusted univariate and adjusted multivariate analysis of the associations between patient characteristics and treatment course with mortality was performed with mortality as primary and endoscopy a secondary outcome of interest. All analyses were performed using the R statistical package, v.3.2.3. RESULTS The population with GIB was 19528; 54.6% were male, overall mortality was 2.07%;(0.37% in patients with the principal diagnosis of GIB). When consideringonly the mortalities in which GIB was the principal diagnosis, 48% (12 of 25 principal diagnosis GIB mortalities) died within the first 3 d of admission, whereas 19.8% of secondary diagnosis GIB patients died with 3 d of admission. Patients who died were more likely to have received octreotide (19.8% c.f. 4.04%) but tended to have not received proton pump inhibitor therapy in the first 48 h, and far less likely to have undergone endoscopy during their admission(OR = 0.489, P < 0.0001). Chronic liver disease associated with a greater likelihood of endoscopy. Mortalities were significantly more likely to have multiple complex chronic conditions. CONCLUSION GIB associated mortality in children is highest within 7 d of admission. Multiple comorbidities are a risk factor whereas early endoscopy during the admission is protective.Thomas M Attard Mikaela Miller Chaitanya Pant Ashwath Kumar Mike Thomson 2017World Journal of Gastroenterology2017,23,9:6
19Recent advances in small bowel diseases:Part Ⅰ显示文摘As is the case in all parts of gastroenterology and hepatology,there have been many advances in our knowledge and understanding of small intestinal diseases.Over 1000 publications were reviewed for 2008 and 2009,and the important advances in basic science as well as clinical applications were considered.In Part Ⅰ of this Editorial Review,seven topics are considered:intestinal development;proliferation and repair;intestinal permeability;microbiotica,infectious diarrhea and probiotics;diarrhea;salt and water absorption;necrotizing enterocolitis;and immunology/allergy.These topics were chosen because of their importance to the practicing physician.Alan BR Thomson Angeli Chopra Michael Tom Clandinin Hugh Freeman 2012World Journal of Gastroenterology2012,18,26:5
20健康领域的文化能力显示文摘1背景 尽管人类对其他社会的兴趣纵贯历史的各个阶段,但是检验不同文化概念对人类健康实践的影响从20世纪才开始,当时是伴随着长期的人类学田野调查产生的,这些田野调查揭露了不同文化之间相关卫生实践的多样性、复杂性和连续性。Napier A D Ancarno C Butler B Calabrese j Chater A Chatterjee H Guesnet F Home R Jacyna S Jadhav S Macdonald A Neuendorf U Parkhurst A Reynolds R Scambler G Shamdasani S Smith S Z Stougaard-Nielsen J Thomson L Tyler N Volkmann A M Walker T Watson J Williams AC Willott C Wilson J Woolf K 2016中国卫生政策研究2016,9,2:5
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