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| 1 | AGNP精神科治疗药物监测共识指南:2011显示文摘治疗药物监测(Therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM),如通过定量测定血清或血浆药物浓度指导用药剂量优化,已经成为对患者进行精神药物治疗的很有价值的工具。在患者用药依从性难以判断、药物耐受性不佳、治疗剂量下无效以及可能存在药代动力学药物-药物相互作用等情况下,测定药物浓度是很有用的。在精神科,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智力障碍患者、涉及司法的患者、已知或怀疑携带药代动力学相关基因变异的患者,以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中去,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了促进TDM的合理应用,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie,AGNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了精神药物治疗药物监测指南。之后,随着知识不断更新,又有许多可能需要进行TDM的新药上市。因此,本次更新将神经精神药物的种类扩展到了128种,并将其TDM必要性划分为从'强烈推荐'到'可能有用'的四个等级。经过大量细致且全面的文献检索与分门别类的汇总整理,将基于循证医学理念的'治疗参考浓度范围'和'剂量相关参考浓度范围'呈现给大家。本共识指南引入了'实验室警戒浓度'的新概念,即实验室需要马上告知治疗医生的药物浓度上限。本共识指南还给出了诸如药物作为细胞色素P450酶的底物和抑制剂的性质,代谢物与母药浓度比值的常见范围,以及与结果解释相关的内容,还提供了何时将TDM与遗传药理学检测相结合的建议。遵循本指南,有助于改善许多患者精神药物治疗的效果,特别是那些存在药代动力学异常的患者。TDM是一门交叉学科,有时针对看起来不一致的数据,需要多学科坦诚地讨论,只有这样,患者才能从这种合作中获益。 | Hiemke C Baumann P Bergemann N Conca A Dietmaier O Egberts K Fric M Gerlach M Greiner C Gründer G Haen E Havemann-Reinecke U Jaquenoud Sirot E Kirchherr H Laux G Lutz UC Messer T Müller MJ Pfuhlmann B Rambeck B Riederer P Schoppek B Stingl J Uhr M Ulrich S Waschgler R Zernig G 李文标(译) 果伟(译) 阮灿军(译) 贺静(译) 汤宜朗(审校) 王传跃(审校) | 2016 | 实用药物与临床2016，19，10： | 37 |
| 2 | Effects of Saccharomycesboulardiion fecal short-chain fatty acids and microflora in patients on long-term total enteral nutrition显示文摘AIM: To assess the effects of Sb on fecal flora and shortchain fatty acids (SCFA) in patients on long-term TEN.METHODS: Ten patients (3 females, 7 males, 59±5.5 years),on TEN for a median of 13 mo (1-125), and 15 healthy volunteers (4 females, 11 males, 32±2.0 years) received Sb (0.5 g bid PO) for 6 d. Two stool samples were taken before, on the last 2 d and 9-10 d after treatment, for SCFA measurement and for culture and bacterial identification.Values (mean±SE) were compared using sign tests and ANOVA.RESULTS: Fecal butyrate levels were lower in patients(10.1±2.9 mmol/kg) than in controls (19.2±3.9, P= 0.02).Treatment with Sb increased total fecal SCFA levels in patients (150.2±27.2 vs 107.5±18.2 mmol/kg, P = 0.02)but not in controls (129.0±28.6 vs 113.0±15.2 mmol/kg,NS). At the end of treatment with Sb, patients had higher fecal butyrate (16.0±4.4 vs 10.1 [2.9] mmol/kg, P = 0.004).Total SCFAs remained high 9 d after treatment was discontinued. Before the treatment, the anaerobe to aerobe ratio was lower in patients compared to controls (2.4±2.3 vs69.8±1.8, P = 0.003). There were no significant changes in the fecal flora of TEN patients.CONCLUSION: Sb-induced increase of fecal SCFA concentrations (especially butyrate) may explain the preventive effects of this yeast on TEN-induced diarrhea. | Stéphane M Schneider Fernand Girard-Pipau Jér(o|^)me Filippi Xavier Hébuterne Dominique Moyse Gustavo Calle Hinojosa Anne Pompei Patrick Rampal | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，39： | 26 |
| 3 | 2018加拿大心境障碍与焦虑障碍治疗协作组/国际双相障碍学会指南:双相障碍的管理显示文摘加拿大心境障碍与焦虑障碍治疗协作组(Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments,CANMAT)曾于2005年发布了第1版双相障碍管理指南,并分别于2007、2009和2013年对该指南进行了更新,其中最近的2次更新是与国际双相障碍学会(International Society for Bipolar Disorders,ISBD)合作完成。2018版CANMAT/ISBD双相障碍治疗指南(以下简称指南)反映了自2005年首版指南发表以来本领域取得的重大进展,包括疾病诊断与疾病管理的更新以及药物治疗与心理治疗的近期研究进展。这些前沿进展中综合考虑了循证证据的级别,并基于治疗疗效、临床实践经验、安全性、耐受性和药物导致的转相风险等,对一线、二线及三线治疗方案进行了简明而清晰的推荐。本指南中新增内容涵盖了双相Ⅰ型障碍(BD-Ⅰ)的躁狂发作急性期、抑郁发作急性期和双相障碍维持期的一线及二线治疗推荐等级划分。这种对治疗推荐等级的划分综合考虑了治疗方法对双相障碍不同时相的影响,将进一步帮助临床医生做出基于循证证据的治疗决策。锂盐、喹硫平、双丙戊酸盐、阿塞那平、阿立哌唑、帕利哌酮、利培酮和卡利拉嗪单药或联合使用被推荐为躁狂发作急性期的一线治疗选择。BD-Ⅰ抑郁期的一线治疗选择包括喹硫平、鲁拉西酮、锂盐、拉莫三嗪单药,鲁拉西酮联合锂盐或双丙戊酸盐或拉莫三嗪辅助治疗。尽管急性期治疗有效的药物通常应继续用于BD-Ⅰ的维持期治疗,但也存在一些特殊情况(例如抗抑郁药)。现有数据表明,锂盐、喹硫平、双丙戊酸盐、拉莫三嗪、阿塞那平和阿立哌唑单药或联合治疗应被视为维持治疗的初始或更换治疗方案时的一线选择。除了探讨BD-Ⅰ的相关问题外,本指南中还对双相Ⅱ型障碍(BD-Ⅱ)的临床管理进行了系统回顾并给予治疗推荐,同时针对特殊人群也有相关推荐,如处于各个生殖周期的女性、儿童、青少年和老年人。此外,本指南中还讨论了特定精神疾病及共病(如物质滥用、焦虑障碍和代谢性疾病)的影响。最后,本指南中概述了安全性和药物监测的相关问题。CANMAT/ISBD工作组希望本指南能够成为全球临床医生的实用工具。 | Lakshmi N Yatham Sidney H Kennedy Sagar V Parikh Ayal Sehaffer David J Bond Benicio N Frey Verinder Sharma Benjamin I Goldstein Soham Rej Serge Beaulieu Martin Alda Glenda MaeQueen Roumen V Milev Arun Ravindran Claire O'Donovan Diane Mclntosh Raymond W Lam Gustavo Vazquez Flavio Kapczinski Roger S Melntyre Jan Kozicky Shigenobu Kanba Beny Lafer Trisha Suppes Joseph R Calabrese Eduard Vieta Gin Malhi Robert M Post Michael Berk 胡晨(译) 王刚(译) | 2019 | 中华精神科杂志2019，52，1： | 25 |
| 4 | 血管性认知障碍的诊断标准:国际血管性行为与认知障碍学会的申明显示文摘长期以来,脑血管病(CVD)就被认为是认知损害的一个重要原因,但是有关脑血管病后认知障碍的概念化却有着一段多变的历史。'动脉变硬'或脑的动脉粥样硬化是'老化'的原因,是存在已久的观点,在20世纪60年代受到了来自英格兰纽卡斯尔的神经病理学研究的质疑。这些研究表明,血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,Va D)与超过一定程度的多发性脑梗死有关。 | 徐岩 郭起浩 Sachdev P Kalaria R O'Brien J Skoog I Alladi S Black SE Blacker D Blazer DG Chen C Chui H Ganguli M Jellinger K Jeste DV Pasquier F Paulsen J Prins N Rockwood K Roman G Scheltens P | 2014 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2014，11，3： | 19 |
| 5 | Mechanical thrombectomy in patients with M1 occlusion and NIHSS score≤5:a single-centre experience显示文摘Background:The recent success of several mechanical thrombectomy trials has resulted in a significant change in management for patients presenting with stroke.However,it is still unclear how to manage patients that present with stroke and low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)≤5.We sought to review our experience of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with low NIHSS and confirmed M1 occlusion.Methods:We retrospectively analysed our prospectively maintained database of all patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy between January 2008 and August 2016.We identified 41 patients with confirmed M1 occlusion and low NIHSS(≤5)on admission to our hospital.We collected demographic,radiological,procedural and outcome data.Results:The mean age of patients was 72±14,with 20 male patients.Associated medical conditions were common with hypertension seen in∼80%.Just over 50%presented with NIHSS 4 or 5.The average ASPECTS score on admission was 8.8(range 6–10),and the average clot length 10 mm.Angiographically Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction(TICI)≥2b was obtained in 87.8%of patients.7 patients had haemorrhage on follow-up,2 of which were symptomatic.Of 40 patients with 90-day follow-up,75%had modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score 0–2.There were 3 deaths at 90 days.Conclusions:Mechanical thrombectomy in patients with low NIHSS and proximal large vessel occlusion is technically possible and carries a high degree of success with good safety profile.Patients with low NIHSS and confirmed occlusion should be considered for mechanical thrombectomy. | P Bhogal P Bucke O Ganslandt H Bazner H Henkes M Aguilar Perez | 2016 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2016，1，4： | 9 |
| 6 | Endoscopic ultrasound-guided vs endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography biliary drainage for obstructed distal malignant biliary strictures: A systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND For palliation of malignant biliary obstruction(MBO), the gold-standard method of biliary drainage is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)with the placement of metallic stents. Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided drainage is an alternative that is typically reserved for cases of ERCP failure.Recently, however, there have been robust randomized clinical trials(RCTs)comparing EUS-guided drainage and ERCP as primary approaches to MBO.AIM To compare EUS guidance and ERCP in terms of their effectiveness and safety in palliative biliary drainage for MBO.METHODS This was a systematic review and meta-analysis, in which we searched the MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Only RCTs comparing EUS and ERCP for primary drainage of MBO were eligible. All of the studies selected provided data regarding the rates of technical and clinical success, as well as the duration of the procedure, adverse events, and stent patency. We assessed the risk of biases using the Jadad score and the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation criteria.RESULTS The database searches yielded 5920 records, from which we selected 3 RCTs involving a total of 222 patients(112 submitted to EUS and 110 submitted to ERCP). In the EUS and ERCP groups, the rate of technical success was 91.96%n and 91.81%, respectively, with a risk difference(RD) of 0.00%(95%CI:-0.07, 0.07;P = 0.97; I^2 = 0%). The clinical success was 84.81% and 85.53% in the EUS and ERCP groups, respectively, with an RD of-0.01%(95%CI:-0.12, 0.10; P = 0.90; I^2 =0%). The mean difference(MD) for the duration of the procedure was-0.12%(95%CI:-8.20, 7.97; P = 0.98; I^2 = 84%). In the EUS and ERCP groups, there were14 and 25 adverse events, respectively, with an RD of-0.06%(95%CI:-0.23, 0.12; P= 0.54; I^2 = 77%). The MD for stent patency was 9.32%(95%CI:-4.53, 23.18; P =0.19; I^2 = 44%). The stent dysfunction rate was significantly lower in the EUS t group(MD =-0.22%; 95 CI:-0.35,-0.08; P = 0.001; I^2 = 0%).CONCLUSION EUS represents an interesting alternative to ERCP for MBO drainage,demonstrating lower stent dysfunction rates compared with ERCP. Technical and clinical success, duration, adverse events and patency rates were similar. | Fernanda P Logiudice Wanderlei M Bernardo Facundo Galetti Vitor M Sagae Carolina O Matsubayashi Antonio C Madruga Neto Vitor O Brunaldi Diogo T H de Moura Tomazo Franzini Spencer Cheng Sergio E Matuguma Eduardo G H de Moura | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2019，11，4： | 6 |
| 7 | 埃索美拉唑能有效控制内镜阴性胃食管反流症状——6个月“按需治疗”对照试验显示文摘 | Talley NJ Lauritsen K Tunturi-Hihnala H Lind T Moum B Bang C Schulz T Omland TM Delle M Junghard O 钟捷 | 2003 | 中华消化杂志2003，23，1： | 6 |
| 8 | 巨峰和无核早红葡萄在越南谅山试种观察显示文摘[目的]观察巨峰、无核早红葡萄在越南谅山省的引种表现,为其在越南推广种植提供参考依据.[方法]2009年春从中国南宁引入巨峰、无核早红两个鲜食葡萄品种在越南谅山省试种,调查其枝蔓生长量、物候期、果实性状、产量等相关指标.[结果]至第1年抚育冬季,巨峰葡萄枝蔓总长234.5 cm,上架茎粗0.84 cm;无核早红葡萄枝蔓总长294.1 cm,上架茎粗0.86 cm.在物候期方面,巨峰葡萄从萌芽至果实成熟需141~151 d,表现中熟;无核早红从萌芽至果实成熟需142~151 d,未表现其应有的早熟特性.在果实性状方面,巨峰葡萄2010~2012年3年平均单果重8.9 g,种子数1.04粒,可溶性固形物(TSS)含量17.5%;无核早红葡萄2010~2012年3年平均单果重6.8 g,TSS含量13.9%.在产量方面,巨峰葡萄2010~2012年产量分别为13.69、17.50和16.24 t/ha;无核早红葡萄2010~2012年产量分别为10.81、16.02和20.92t/ha.[结论]巨峰葡萄在越南谅山省种植表现丰产稳产优质,具有较好的适栽性,可大面积推广种植;无核早红葡萄表现丰产稳产,但表现低糖低酸,极易裂果,着色困难,不宜在越南大面积发展. | 黄江流 PHAM Thi Thang 罗瑞鸿 NGUYN Thi Hà 吕荣华 LUONG Dǎng Ning CHU Vǎn DUòng NGUYN Manh Tòng 彭宏祥 Ly Ming Nguyet LU'O'NG i Thuy CHU Xun Tien VI Vǎn Dúc NGUYN Duy Dng Ly Dúc Khiêm 熊俏 | 2014 | 南方农业学报2014，45，7： | 5 |
| 9 | 金刚石中的冰-Ⅶ相包裹体:来自地球深部地幔的含水流体证据显示文摘水在地球内部不同圈层的存在形态、分布、含量以及全球水循环一直以来都是固体地球科学研究的前沿热点问题之一。冰-Ⅶ相作为水的一种高压相,目前已经被国际矿物学会认定为一种新矿物。 | Tschauner O Huang S Greenberg E Prakapenka V B Rossman G R Shen A H Zhang D Newville M Lanzirotti A Tait K 张宝华 | 2018 | 矿物岩石地球化学通报2018，37，6： | 4 |
| 10 | 持续气道正压通气在预防阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者心血管事件中的作用显示文摘阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)导致阵发性低氧血症,夜间交感神经系统激活,血压、氧化应激和炎症指标的升高以及高凝血症。较大的胸内负压波动也会给心脏和大血管施加机械应力。基于人群和睡眠诊所的队列研究显示,OSA与心脑血管事件,特别是脑卒中相关。 | McEvoy RD Antic NA Heeley E Luo Y Ou Q Zhang X Mediano O Chen R Drager LF Liu Z Chen G Du B McArdle N Mukherjee S Tripathi M Billot L Li Q Lorenzi-Filho G Barbe F Redline S Wang J Arima H Neal B White DP Grunstein RR Zhong N Anderson CS 练桂丽 叶鹏 | 2016 | 中华高血压杂志2016，24，11： | 4 |
| 11 | 脑缺血后N-myc下游调控基因2保护血脑屏障完整性显示文摘脑缺血后血脑屏障(BBB)的破坏与外周细胞向脑内浸润、病孔损形成与进展、以及临床病程恶化密切相关。目前BBB完整性的调控机制,尤其是在永久性缺血后的调控机制尚未明确。本研究使用小鼠永久性脑缺血模型进行相关研究,结果显示,星形胶质细胞N-myc下游调控基因2(NDRG2)可能是缺血性脑卒中后BBB通透性的调控分子,该分子与分化和应激相关。免疫组化显示,在永久性大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)后,NDRG2在星形胶质细胞中的表达显著增加。敲除NDRG2基因,脑梗死体积增加,免疫细胞在缺血同侧大脑半球积聚增加。MCAO后,NDRG2基因敲除小鼠缺血侧皮质的缺血灶内及灶周血管周围区域内的血清蛋白(包括纤维蛋白原和免疫球蛋白)的外渗增强此之,MCAO后NDRG2基因敲除小鼠体内基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)的表达也显著增加。在细胞培养中,NDRG2-/-星形胶质细胞中MMP-3的表达和分泌增加,这种增加可被腺病毒介导的NDRG2再表达所逆转。综上所述,脑缺血后,星形胶质细胞内的NDRG2可能通过调节MMP的表达,而在BBB通透性的调节和免疫细胞浸润中起到重要作用。 | Takarada-Iemata M Yoshikawa A Ta HM Okitani N Nishiuchi T Aida Y Kamide T Hattori T Ishii H Tamatani T Le TM Roboon J Kitao Y Matsuyama T Nakada M Hori O 聂昊 | 2018 | 神经损伤与功能重建2018，13，4： | 4 |
| 12 | Cytoplasmic expression of p27^(kip1) is associated with a favourable prognosis in colorectal cancer patients显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the prognostic significance of p27kip1 in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS: Cytoplasmic and nuclear p27kip1 expression was evaluated in 418 colorectal cancers using tissue microarrays. Data were associated with known patient and tumor variables and long-term patient outcomes, providing further insight into the mechanisms by which p27kip1 may influence tumor development. RESULTS: Nuclear and cytoplasmic p27Kip1 expressions were detected in 59% and 19% of tumors respectively. Cytoplasmic p27Kip1 was almost invariably associated with positive nuclear p27Kip1 expression. Neither case correlat- ed with known clinical or pathological variables, includ- ing tumor stage, grade or extramural vascular invasion. Furthermore, nuclear p27kip1 expression had no impact on survival. However, we identified a significant correla- tion between expression of cytoplasmic p27kip1 and longer disease-specific survival times. On multivariate analysis, TNM stage and extramural vascular invasion were highly significant independent prognostic factors, with positive cytoplasmic p27 expression showing a trend towards im- proved patient survival (P = 0.059).CONCLUSION: These findings support the recent evi- dence that cytoplasmic p27kip1 has a distinct and impor- tant biological role that can influence tumor outcome. | Nicholas FS Watson Lindy G Durrant John H Scholefield Zahra Madjd Duncan Scrimgeour Ian Spendlove Ian O Ellis Poulam M Patel | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，39： | 3 |
| 13 | Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and human intestinal health显示文摘 | S Miquel R Martín O Rossi LG Bermúdez-Humarán JM Chatel H Sokol M Thomas JM Wells P Langella | 2013 | Current Opinion in Microbiology2013，，： | 3 |
| 14 | 臂间血压差与脑卒中的关系显示文摘为了检测同时测量的双臂血压差值是否可识别踝臂血压指数〈0.90的受试者,及是否能预测未来心血管事件,Hirofumi等收集来自10个队列的日本受试者13 317人的数据(基于一般人群的队列,既往有心血管事件病史的队列及有心血管病危险因素的队列)进行荟萃分析。 | 刘青 叶鹏 Hirofumi T Toshiaki O Toshiharu N Chisa M Kazuomi K Satoshi H Yoshikuni K Toyoshi I Yasutaka M Katsuhiko K Yasuharu T Motoyuki N Takayoshi O Hirotaka W Masanori M Mitsuru O Norihisa I Michinari N Tetsuo S Charalambos V Akira Y | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，6： | 3 |
| 15 | On the temperature dependence of the fatigue and damage behavior of a particulate reinforced metal matrix composite显示文摘 | Biermann H Kemnitzer M Hartmann O | 2001 | Mater SciEng A2001，319，： | 2 |
| 16 | The long-term pathological evolution of chronic hepatitis C显示文摘 | M Yano H Kumada M Kage K Ikeda K Shimamatsu O Inoue E Hashimoto JH Lefkowitch J Ludwig K Okuda | 1996 | Hepatology1996，，6： | 2 |
| 17 | Risk factors associated with major cerebrovascular complications after intracranial stenting显示文摘 | F Nahab M J. Lynn S E. Kasner M J. Alexander R Klucznik O O. Zaidat J Chaloupka H Lutsep S Barnwell M Mawad B Lane M I. Chimowitz | 2009 | Neurology2009，，23： | 2 |
| 18 | Increased prevalence of intestinal inflammation in patients with liver cirrhosis显示文摘AIM To investigate the pathophysiology of the digestive tract in patients with liver cirrhosis.METHODS In 42 cirrhotic patients and 20control subjects, the following fecal proteinswere measured by enzyme-linkedimmunosorb6nt assay: albumin (Alb ),transferrin (Tf), and al-antitrypsin (a,-AT) as amarker for intestinal protein l0ss, hemoglobin(Hb) for bleeding, PMN-eIastase for intestinalinflammation, and secretory lgA for intestinalimmunity.RESULTS The fecaI concentrations of Hb, Alb,Tf, al-AT, and PMN’eIastase were increased in13 (3l%), 8(19%), l0(24%), 6(14%), and 1l(26%) cases among 42 patients, resPectiveIy.F6cal concentration of secretory IgA wasdecreased in 7 (l7%) of 42 patients. However,these fecal concentrations were not related tothe severity or etiology of liver cirrhosis. Theserum Alb level was significantIy decreased inpatients with intestinal protein Ioss c0mpared tothat in patients without intestinal protein loss.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that: rob6sides the weIl’known pathological conditions,Such as bleeding and protein loss, intestinaIinflammati0n and decreased intestinaI immunityare found in cirrhotic patients, @ intestinalprotein loss contributes to hypoalbuminemia incirrhotic patients, and @ intestinaI inflammationshouId not b6 0verlooked in cirrhotic patients,since it may contribute to or cause intestinalprotein Ioss and oth6r various pathologicalconditions. | Saitoh O Sugi K Lojima K Matsumoto H Nakagawa K Kayazawa M Tanaka S Teranishi T Hirata I Katsu Ki K | 1999 | World Journal of Gastroenterology1999，5，5： | 2 |
| 19 | HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice显示文摘 | Wang H Bloom O Zheng M | | 0，，： | 2 |
| 20 | A recombinant human angiostatin protein inhibits experimental primary and metastatic cancer 显示文摘 | Sim B K L O'Reilly M S Liang H | 1997 | Cancer Research1997，57，： | 2 |
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