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| 1 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 2 | Variations in Wool Growth with Nutrient Supply in Northern China显示文摘Field studies on essessment of nutritional status of the grazing sheep were carried out in each of the three major grassland regions, the eastern Inner Mongolia and beyond grassland, the Inner Mongolia - Ningxia - Gansu grassland and the Xinjiang grassland, in northern China. The results obtained showed that the wool production of fine wool sheep in these regions varied between regions and seasons, with similar seasonal patterns in all regions and that reducing the seasonal variations in nutrient supply would enhance wool production substantially. Nutritional limitations to wool growth of the grazing sheep in these regions were suggested, those were: the shortage of protein supply in winter and early spring; the poor quality of much of the pasture and the hay used as supplements, the low energy intake during winter which probably necessitated the use of body stores to maintain body temperature. | D X Lu,Iner(Mongolia Academy of Animal Sciences.Hohhot City.Inner Mongolia Autgolia Autonmous Region.PRC)Z C Feng,(Mongolia Academy of Animal Sciences.Hohhot City.Inner Mongolia Autgolia Autonmous Region.PRC)H R Wang,(Mongolia Academy of Animal Sciences.Hohhot City.Inner Mongolia Autgolia Autonmous Region.PRC)R Z Yang,(Xinjiang Institute of Animal Science.Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science.Yiu Hou Road.Urumqi.Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region PRC)C T Ma,(Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Lanzhou.Gansu.PRC)D B Purser,(CSIRO Division of Animal Production.Laboratory for Rural Research.Private Bag.P.O.Wembley.Western Australia 6014)J R Lindsay(CSIRO Division of Animal Production.Laboratory for Rural Research.Private Bag.P.O.Wembley.Western Australia 6014)D W Peter(CSIRO Division of Animal Production.Laboratory for Rural Research.Private Bag.P.O.Wembley.Western Australia 6014) | 1997 | 畜牧与饲料科学1997，22，S1： | 3 |
| 3 | Networked control design for linear systems显示文摘 | Peter V Z Richard H M | 2003 | Automatic2003，39，4： | 1 |
| 4 | X-ray and optical investigations on polymers with mesogenic side groups显示文摘 | KARIN H PETER Z | 1988 | Makromol Chem1988，，189： | 1 |
| 5 | Alternative Fuel Reburning显示文摘 | Vladimir M Z Loc H | 1999 | Fuel1999，78，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Impacts on electricity consumption of household appliances in Austria: a comparison of time series and cross-section analysis 显示文摘 | REINHARD H PETER B JOSEF Z | 1998 | Energy Policy1998，，26： | 1 |
| 7 | Ethanol-diesel fuel blends: a review显示文摘 | Alan C H Qin Z Peter W L L | 2005 | Bioresource Technology2005，96，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Dual-frequency planar inverted-F antenna显示文摘 | LILT D Z PETER S H | 1997 | IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat1997，45，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Hormone Replacement Therapy in Treating and Preventing Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women显示文摘 | George W Peter T Beverley S Gordon G Joan P Nicole Z Vivian R David H Diane O Ann C | 2002 | Endocrine Reviews2002，23，4： | 1 |
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| 12 | Alternative fuel reburning显示文摘 | Peter M M Vladimir M Z Loc H Roy P | 1999 | Fuel1999，，78： | 1 |
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| 15 | Alternative Fuel Reburning 显示文摘 | PETER M M VLADIMIR M Z LOC H | 1999 | Fuel1999，78，3： | 1 |
| 16 | The guide to community preventive services:what works to promote health? Task force on community preventive services显示文摘 | Stephanie Z Peter A B Kate W H | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 17 | Influence of interracial stress transfer on fatigue crack growth in SiC-fibre reinforced titanium alloys显示文摘 | PETERS P W M XIA Z HEMPTENMACHER J ASSLER H | 2001 | Composites A2001，32，： | 1 |
| 18 | Activation of MMP -2 in response to vascular injury is mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase -dependent expression of MT1-MMP显示文摘 | Peter Z Greg H Brenda L | 2004 | Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol2004，287，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Physicochemical properties and antitumor activities of water-soluble native and sulfated hyperbranched mushroom polysaccharides显示文摘 | Yon Z T Lina Z h Peter C K | 2006 | Carbohydr Res2006，341，： | 1 |
| 20 | Novel binding site A po- tent erythropoietin-mimieking human antibody interacts through a novel binding site 显示文摘 | Liu Z H Vincent S S Peter J D | 2007 | Blood2007，110，： | 1 |
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