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| 1 | 最新AD研究用诊断标准:IWG-2标准显示文摘在过去的8年中,国际工作组织(IWG)和美国国立老化研究院-阿尔茨海默协会(NIA-AA)建立了阿尔茨海默病(AD)诊断标准,它能更好地定义AD的临床表型,整合了生物标记物于诊断流程中,并覆盖了疾病的全程。本意见书充分地权衡了IWG标准的优缺点,建议改进诊断框架。依据这些改进,AD的诊断变得简单,只要有恰当的AD临床表型(典型或不典型)和与AD的病理相一致的病理生理学生物标志物出现。我们认为疾病的下游的定位性生物标志,如容积性磁共振成像(MRI)和氟脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射型计算机断层成像(FDG-PET)等,适合更好地测量和监测疾病过程。本文还详述了非典型性AD、混合性AD和AD临床前期的特异诊断标准。 | 陈刚 曹雯炜 俞羚 糜建华 Dubois B Feldman HH Jacova C Hampel H Molinuevo JL Blennow K DeK osky ST Gauthier S Selkoe D Bateman R Cappa S Crutch S Engelborghs S Frisoni GB Fox NC Galasko D Habert MO Jicha GA Nordberg A Pasquier F Rabinovici G Robert P Rowe C Salloway S Sarazin M Epelbaum S de Souza LC Vellas B Visser PJ Schneider L Stern Y Scheltens P Cummings JL | 2014 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2014，11，3： | 31 |
| 2 | Radioembolization for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma:A clinical review显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common cancer in the world.The majority of patients with HCC present with unresectable disease.These patients have historically had limited treatment options secondary to HCC demonstrating chemoresistance to the currently available systemic therapies.Additionally, normal liver parenchyma has shown intolerance to tumoricidal radiation doses,limiting the use of external beam radiation.Because of these limitations,novel percutaneous liver-directed therapies have emerged. The targeted infusion of radioactive microspheres (radioembolization)represents one such therapy. Radioembolization is a minimally invasive transcatheter therapy through which radioactive microspheres are infused into the hepatic arteries that supply tumor. Once infused,these microspheres traverse the hepatic vascular plexus and selectively implant within the tumor arterioles.Embedded within the arterioles, the 90Y impregnated microspheres emit high energy and low penetrating radiation doses selectively to the tumor.Radioembolization has recently shown promise for the treatment of patients with unresectable HCC. The objective of this review article is to highlight twocurrently available radioembolic devices(90Y,188Rh)and provide the reader with a recent review of the literature. | Saad M Ibrahim Robert J Lewandowski Kent T Sato Vanessa L Gates Laura Kulik Mary F Mulcahy Robert K Ryu Reed A Omary Riad Salem | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，11： | 14 |
| 3 | Dementia and osteoporosis in a geriatric population: Is there a common link?显示文摘AIM To determine the existence of a common pathological link between dementia and osteoporosis through reviewing the current evidence base. METHODS This paper reviews the current literature on osteoporosis and dementia in order to ascertain evidence of a common predisposing aetiology. A literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(1950 to June 2016) was conducted. The keywords 'osteoporosis', 'osteoporotic fracture', 'dementia' and 'Alzheimer's disease'(AD) were used to determine the theoretical links with the most significant evidence base behind them. The key links were found to be vitamins D and K, calcium, thyroid disease, statins, alcohol and sex steroids. These subjects were then searched in combination with the previous terms and the resulting papers manually examined. Theoretical, in vitro and in vivo research were all used to inform this review which focuses on the most well developed theoretical common causes for dementia(predominantly Alzheimer's type) and osteoporosis.RESULTS Dementia and osteoporosis are multifaceted disease processes with similar epidemiology and a marked increase in prevalence in elderly populations. The existence of a common link between the two has been suggested despite a lack of clear pathological overlap in our current understanding. Research to date has tended to be fragmented and relatively weak in nature with multiple confounding factors reflecting the difficulties of in vivo experimentation in the population of interest. Despite exploration of various possible mechanisms in search for a link between the two pathologies, this paper found that it is possible that these associations are coincidental due to the nature of the evidence available. One finding in this review is that prior investigation into common aetiologies has found raised amyloid beta peptide levels in osteoporotic bone tissue, with a hypothesis that amyloid beta disorders are systemic disorders resulting in differing tissue manifestations. However, our findings were that the most compelling evidence of a common yet independent aetiology lies in the APOE4 allele, which is a well-established risk for AD but also carries an independent association with fracture risk. The mechanism behind this is thought to be the reduced plasma vitamin K levels in individuals exhibiting the APOE4 allele which may be amplified by the nutritional deficiencies associated with dementia, which are known to include vitamins K and D. The vitamin theory postulates that malnutrition and reduced exposure to sunlight in patients with AD leads to vitamin deficiencies. CONCLUSION Robust evidence remains to be produced regarding potential links and regarding the exact aetiology of these diseases and remains relevant given the burden of dementia and osteoporosis in our ageing population. Future research into amyloid beta, APOE4 and vitamins K and D as the most promising aetiological links should be welcomed. | Candice L Downey Adam Young Emily F Burton Simon M Graham Robert J Macfarlane Eva-Maria Tsapakis Eleftherios Tsiridis | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，5： | 6 |
| 4 | Application of Burkholderia cepacia and Trichoderma virens,alone and in combinations,a-gainst Meloidogyne incognita on bell pepper显示文摘 | MEYER S L F ROBERTS D P CHITWOOD D J | 2001 | Nematropica2001，，： | 1 |
| 5 | Underwater Bipedal Locomotion by Octopuses in Disguise显示文摘 | CHRISTINE L H FARNIS B ROBERT J F | 2005 | Science2005，307，： | 1 |
| 6 | Suppression of damping-off cucumber caused by Pythium ultimom with live cells and extracts of Serratia marcescens N4-5显示文摘 | Roberts 0 Pv Mckenna L F Lakshman 0 K | 2007 | Soil Biology and Biochemistry2007，39，： | 1 |
| 7 | The relationship between dose of vitamin E and suppression of oxidative stress in humans显示文摘 | L Jackson Ⅱ Roberts John A Oates MacRae F Linton | | 0，，10： | 1 |
| 8 | Conditions for stability of the extended Kalman filter and their application to the frequency trackingproblem显示文摘 | Barbara F Scala L Robert R B | 1995 | Mathematics of Control Signals and Systems1995，8，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Bacterial RNA chaperones confer abiotic stress tolerance in plants and improved grain yield in maize under water-limited condition 显示文摘 | Paolo C Dave W Robert J B Don C A Jay H Martin S Mark A Ganesh K Sara S Robert D Santiago N Stephanie B Mary F Jayaprakash T Santanu D Christopher B Michael H L Jacqueline E H | 2008 | Plant Physiology2008，147，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Estimation of tropical forest structural characteristics using large-footprint lidar显示文摘 | Jason B Drake Ralph O Dubayah David B Clark Robert G Knox J.Bryan Blair Michelle A Hofton Robin L Chazdon John F Weishampel Steve Prince | 2001 | Remote Sensing of Environment2001，，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Isolation and identification of 2 - methoxy - 3,5 - dimethyrazine, a potent musty compound from wine corks 显示文摘 | Robert F Simpson Dimitra L Capone Mark A Sefton | 2004 | J Agric Food of Chem2004，52，： | 1 |
| 12 | Chemically grafted polymeric filters for chemical sensors: hyperbranched poly ( acrylic acid) films incorporatingh - cyclodextrin receptors and amine - functionalized filter layers 显示文摘 | Daniel L Dermody Robert F Peez D E | 1999 | Langmuir1999，15，3： | 1 |
| 13 | The Control of Single-Celled Cotton Fiber Elongation by Developmentally Reversible Gating of Plasmodesmata and Coordinated Expression of Sucrose and K Transporters and Expansin显示文摘 | RUAN Y L Danny J L Robert T F | 2001 | The Plant Cell2001，13，： | 1 |
| 14 | Low-level expression of HER2 and CK19 in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells: relevance for detection of circulating tumor cells显示文摘 | You F Roberts L A Kang S P | 2008 | J Hematol Oncol2008，28，1： | 1 |
| 15 | International greenway planning:An introduction显示文摘 | Julius Gy Fábos Robert L | 2004 | Landscape and Urban Planning2004，，68： | 1 |
| 16 | Relationships between microstructure and surface acidity of Ti-Si mixed oxide catalysts 显示文摘 | Zhu F L Tabora J Robert J | 1994 | J Catal1994，148，： | 1 |
| 17 | Interactions between Sox10,Edn3 and Ednrb during enteric nervous system and melanocyte development显示文摘 | Stanchina L Baral V Robert F | 2006 | Dev Biol2006，295，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Cdk7 is essential for mitosis and for in vivo Cdk-activating kinase activity显示文摘 | Stephane L Judit P Robert P F | 1998 | Genes and development1998，12，： | 1 |
| 19 | Comparison of electrom agnetic absorber used in anechoic and semianechoic chambers for emission and immunity testing of digital devices显示文摘 | HOLLOWAY Christopher L DELYSER Ronald R GGE-RMAN Robert F | 1997 | EMC IEEE Trans on1997，39，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Training neural networks using central force optimization and particle swarm optimization: insights and comparisons 显示文摘 | ROBERT C G WANG L F ALAM M | 2012 | Expert Systems with Applications2012，39，1： | 1 |
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