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| 1 | A comparative review of HLA associations with hepatitis Band C viral infections across global populations显示文摘Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral infection or co-infection leads to risk of development of chronic infection, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immigration and globalization have added to the challenges of public health concerns regarding chronic HBV and HCV infections worldwide. The aim of this study is to review existing global literature across ethnic populations on HBV and HCV related human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations in relation to susceptibility, viral persistence and treatment. Extensive literature search was conducted to explore the HLA associations in HBV and HCV infections reported across global populations over the past decade to understand the knowledge status, weaknesses and strengths of this information in different ethnic populations. HLA DR13 is consistently associated with HBV clearance globally. HLADRB1*11/*12 alleles and DQB1*0301 are associated with HBV persistence but with HCV clearance worldwide. Consistent association of DRB1*03 and *07 is observed with HCV susceptibility and non-responsiveness to HBV vaccination across the population. HLA DR13 is protective for vertical HBV and HCV transmission in Chinese and Italian neonates, but different alleles are associated with their susceptibility in these populations. HLA class Ⅰmolecule interactions with Killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (KIR) of natural killer (NK) cells modulate HCV infection outcome via regulating immune regulatory cells and molecules. HLA associations with HBV vaccination, interferon therapy in HBV and HCV, and with extra hepatic manifestations of viral hepatitis are also discussed. Systematic studies in compliance with global regulatory standards are required to identify the HLA specific viral epitope, stage specific T cell populations interacting with different HLA alleles during disease progression and viral clearance of chronic HBV or HCV infections among different ethnic populations. These studies would facilitate stage specific therapeutic strategies for clearance of HBV and HCV infections or co-infections across global populations and aid in identification of HBV-HCV combined vaccine. HLA associations of chronic HBV or HCV development with confounding host factors including alcohol, drug abuse, insulin resistance, age and gender are lacking and warrant detailed investigation across global populations. | Rashmi Singh Rashmi Kaul Anil Kaul Khalid Khan | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，12： | 31 |
| 2 | Role of sex steroid receptors in pathobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘The striking gender disparity observed in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) suggests an important role of sex hormones in HCC pathogenesis. Though the studies began as early as in 1980s,the precise role of sex hormones and the significance of their receptors in HCC still remain poorly understood and perhaps contribute to current controversies about the potential use of hormonal therapy in HCC. A comprehensive review of the existing literature revealed several shortcomings associated with the studies on estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) in normal liver and HCC. These shortcomings include the use of less sensitive receptor ligand binding assays and immunohistochemistry studies for ERα alone until 1996 when ERβ isoform was identified. The animal models of HCC utilized for studies were primarily based on chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis with less similarity to virus-induced HCC pathogenesis. However,recent in vitro studies in hepatoma cells provide newer insights for hormonal regulation of key cellular processes including interaction of ER and AR with viral proteins. In light of the above facts,there is an urgent need for a detailed investigation of sex hormones and their receptors in normal liver and HCC. In this review,we systematically present the information currently available on androgens,estrogens and their receptors in normal liver and HCC obtained from in vitro,in vivo experimental models and clinical studies. This information will direct future basic and clinical research to bridge the gap in knowledge to explore the therapeutic potential of hormonal therapy in HCC. | Mamta Kalra Jary Mayes Senait Assefa Anil K Kaul Rashmi Kaul | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，39： | 18 |
| 3 | Estrogen receptor expression in chronic hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis显示文摘AIM To investigate gender-specific liver estrogen receptor(ER) expression in normal subjects and patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS Liver tissues from normal donors and patients diagnosed with HCV-related cirrhosis and HCV-related HCC were obtained from the NIH Liver Tissue and Cell Distribution System. The expression of ER subtypes, ERα and ERβ, were evaluated by Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR. The subcellular distribution of ERα and ERβ was further determined in nuclear and cytoplasmic tissue lysates along with the expression ofinflammatory [activated NF-κB and IκB-kinase(IKK)] and oncogenic(cyclin D1) markers by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The expression of ERα and ERβ was correlated with the expression of activated NF-κB, activated IKK and cyclin D1 by Spearman's correlation. RESULTS Both ER subtypes were expressed in normal livers but male livers showed significantly higher expression of ERα than females(P < 0.05). We observed significantly higher m RNA expression of ERα in HCV-related HCC liver tissues as compared to normals(P < 0.05) and ERβ in livers of HCV-related cirrhosis and HCV-related HCC subjects(P < 0.05). At the protein level, there was a significantly higher expression of nuclear ERα in livers of HCV-related HCC patients and nuclear ERβ in HCV-related cirrhosis patients as compared to normals(P < 0.05). Furthermore, we observed a significantly higher expression of phosphorylated NF-κB and cyclin D1 in diseased livers(P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the expression of nuclear ER subtypes and nuclear cyclin D1 and a negative correlation between cytoplasmic ER subtypes and cytoplasmic phosphorylated IKK in HCV-related HCC livers. These findings suggest that dysregulated expression of ER subtypes following chronic HCVinfection may contribute to the progression of HCVrelated cirrhosis to HCV-related HCC.CONCLUSION Gender differences were observed in ERα expression in normal livers. Alterations in ER subtype expression observed in diseased livers may influence genderrelated disparity in HCV-related pathogenesis. | Janaki K Iyer Mamta Kalra Anil Kaul Mark E Payton Rashmi Kaul | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，37： | 5 |
| 4 | Prophylactic Dexamethasone for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Strabismus Surgery: A Dose Ranging and Safety Evaluation Study显示文摘 | Rashmi Madan Anuj Bhatia Sajith Chakithandy Rajeshwari Subramaniam Gurram Rammohan Shrinivas Deshpande Manorama Singh H L. Kaul | 2005 | Anesthesia & Analgesia2005，，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Cancer‐associated molecular signature in the tissue samples of patients with cirrhosis显示文摘 | Jin Woo Kim Qinghai Ye Marshonna Forgues Yidong Chen Anuradha Budhu Jessica Sime Lorne J. Hofseth Rashmi Kaul Xin Wei Wang | 2004 | Hepatology2004，，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Efficacy of hydrolytic enzymes in preventing radiation therapy-induced side effects in patients with head and neck cancers显示文摘 | Malook S. Gujral Pravas M. Patnaik Rashmi Kaul Hemen K. Parikh Christian Conradt Chetan P. Tamhankar Gautam V. Daftary | 2001 | Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology2001，，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Unveiling the effect of estrogen receptors in alcoholic liver disease:A novel outlook显示文摘Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)has a multifaceted development,progressing from alcoholic steatosis to alcoholic hepatitis and ultimately to alcoholic cirrhosis,irreversible liver damage that can even result in hepatocellular carcinoma.The prevalence of ALD is increasing globally,particularly among middle-aged adults.Gender-based studies have revealed that ALD affects more men;however,disease progression differs between men and women.Despite this,the molecular understanding of alcohol-induced liver injury among genders and its association with changes in sex hormone metabolism,particularly with estrogen and estrogen receptors(ERs)in ALD,remains poor.This review focuses on experimental and human studies describing alcohol and its association with estrogen metabolism and signaling via ERs.Chronic alcohol consumption affects the immune response,and whether estrogen has any contributory effect remains inadequately studied.This review also discusses various therapeutic approaches currently in use and future approaches that can affect the response or progression via estrogen signaling.The role of gender on alcohol consumption and its association with steroid hormones must be elucidated for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of ALD,the development of effective therapeutic approaches,and better disease management in both men and women,as ALD remains a major public health concern. | Sukriti Baweja Ashmit Mittal Swati Thangariyal P.Debishree Subudhi Shivani Gautam Rashmi Kaul | 2023 | Liver Research2023，7，4： | 0 |
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