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| 1 | Spatial cloud computing: how can the geospatial sciences use and help shape cloud computing?显示文摘The geospatial sciences face grand information technology(IT)challenges in the twenty-first century:data intensity,computing intensity,concurrent access intensity and spatiotemporal intensity.These challenges require the readiness of a computing infrastructure that can:(1)better support discovery,access and utilization of data and data processing so as to relieve scientists and engineers of IT tasks and focus on scientific discoveries;(2)provide real-time IT resources to enable real-time applications,such as emergency response;(3)deal with access spikes;and(4)provide more reliable and scalable service for massive numbers of concurrent users to advance public knowledge.The emergence of cloud computing provides a potential solution with an elastic,on-demand computing platform to integrateobservation systems,parameter extracting algorithms,phenomena simulations,analytical visualization and decision support,and to provide social impact and user feedbackthe essential elements of the geospatial sciences.We discuss the utilization of cloud computing to support the intensities of geospatial sciences by reporting from our investigations on how cloud computing could enable the geospatial sciences and how spatiotemporal principles,the kernel of the geospatial sciences,could be utilized to ensure the benefits of cloud computing.Four research examples are presented to analyze how to:(1)search,access and utilize geospatial data;(2)configure computing infrastructure to enable the computability of intensive simulation models;(3)disseminate and utilize research results for massive numbers of concurrent users;and(4)adopt spatiotemporal principles to support spatiotemporal intensive applications.The paper concludes with a discussion of opportunities and challenges for spatial cloud computing(SCC). | Chaowei Yang Michael Goodchild Qunying Huang Doug Nebert Robert Raskin Yan Xu Myra Bambacus Daniel Fay | 2011 | International Journal of Digital Earth2011，4，4： | 55 |
| 2 | The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital显示文摘 | Robert Costanza Ralph d’Arge Rudolf de Groot Stephen Farber Monica Grasso Bruce Hannon Karin Limburg Shahid Naeem Robert V. O’Neill Jose Paruelo Robert G. Raskin Paul Sutton Marjan van den Belt | 1998 | Ecological Economics1998，，1： | 4 |
| 3 | Towards geospatial semantic search:exploiting latent semantic relations in geospatial data显示文摘This paper reports our efforts to address the grand challenge of the Digital Earth vision in terms of intelligent data discovery from vast quantities of geo-referenced data.We propose an algorithm combining LSA and a Two-Tier Ranking(LSATTR)algorithm based on revised cosine similarity to build a more efficient search engine-Semantic Indexing and Ranking(SIR)-for a semantic-enabled,more effective data discovery.In addition to its ability to handle subject-based search,we propose a mechanism to combine geospatial taxonomy and Yahoo!GeoPlanet for automatic identification of location information from a spatial query and automatic filtering of datasets that are not spatially related.The metadata set,in the format of ISO19115,from NASA's SEDAC(Socio-Economic Data Application Center)is used as the corpus of SIR.Results show that our semantic search engine SIR built on LSATTR methods outperforms existing keyword-matching techniques,such as Lucene,in terms of both recall and precision.Moreover,the semantic associations among all existing words in the corpus are discovered.These associations provide substantial support for automating the population of spatial ontologies.We expect this work to support the operationalization of the Digital Earth vision by advancing the semantic-based geospatial data discovery. | Wenwen Li Michael FGoodchild Robert Raskin | 2014 | International Journal of Digital Earth2014，7，1： | 2 |
| 4 | The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital显示文摘 | Robert Costanza Ralph d'Arge Rudolf de Groot Stephen Farber Monica Grasso Bruce Hannon Karin Limburg Shahid Naeem Robert V. O'Neill Jose Paruelo Robert G. Raskin Paul Sutton Marjan van den Belt | 1998 | Ecological Economics1998，，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Geospatial Cyberinfrastructure: Past, presentand future 显示文摘 | Chaowei Yang Robert Raskin Michael Goodchild | 2010 | Computers Environment and UrbanSystems2010，34，： | 1 |
| 6 | Knowledge representation in the son,antic web for earth and environmental terminology (SWEET) 显示文摘 | Robert G Raskin M J P | 2005 | Conputers & Geoseienees2005，，31： | 1 |
| 7 | Phytoremediation of metals: using plants to remove pollutants from the environment显示文摘 | Ilya Raskin Robert D Smith David E Salt | 1997 | Current Opinion in Biotechnology1997，，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Semanticsimilarity measurement based on knowledge mining:An artifi-cial neural net approach显示文摘 | Lia Wenwen Robert Raskin Michael F Goodchild | 2012 | International Journal of Geo-graphical Information Science?2012，26，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Phytore-mediation of metals: using plants to remove pollutants from the environment 显示文摘 | Raskin IIya Smith Robert D Salt David E | 1997 | Current Opinion in Biotechnology1997，8，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Phytoremediation of' toxic metals: Using plants to clean-up the environment显示文摘 | Ilya Raskin Robert D Smith David E Salt | 1997 | Current Opinion in Biotechnology1997，8，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Mesalamine Did Not Prevent Recurrent Diverticulitis in Phase 3 Controlled Trials显示文摘 | Jeffrey B. Raskin Michael A. Kamm M. Mazen Jamal Juan Márquez Ehud Melzer Robert E. Schoen Tibor Szalóki Karen Barrett Paul Streck | 2014 | Gastroenterology2014，，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Knowledge representation in the semantic Web for earth and environmental terminolo- gy(SWEET) 显示文摘 | Robert G Raskin Michael J Pan | 2005 | Compuers & Geosciences2005，31，9： | 1 |
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