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| 1 | Gut microbiome,liver immunology,and liver diseases显示文摘The gut microbiota is a complex and plastic consortium of microorganisms that are intricately connected with human physiology.The liver is a central immunological organ that is particularly enriched in innate immune cells and constantly exposed to circulating nutrients and endotoxins derived from the gut microbiota.The delicate interaction between the gut and liver prevents accidental immune activation against otherwise harmless antigens.Work on the interplay between the gut microbiota and liver has assisted in understanding the pathophysiology of various liver diseases.Of immense importance is the step from high-throughput sequencing(correlation)to mechanistic studies(causality)and therapeutic intervention.Here,we review the gut microbiota,liver immunology,and the interaction between the gut and liver.In addition,the impairment in the gut-liver axis found in various liver diseases is reviewed here,with an emphasis on alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD),nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),and autoimmune liver disease(AILD).On the basis of growing evidence from these preclinical studies,we propose that the gut-liver axis paves the way for targeted therapeutic modalities for liver diseases. | Rui Wang Ruqi Tang Bo Li Xiong Ma Bernd Schnabl Herbert Tilg | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，1： | 23 |
| 2 | The microbiome and autoimmunity: a paradigm from the gut–liver axis显示文摘Microbial cells significantly outnumber human cells in the body,and the microbial flora at mucosal sites are shaped by environmental factors and,less intuitively,act on host immune responses,as demonstrated by experimental data in germ-free and gnotobiotic studies.Our understanding of this link stems from the established connection between infectious bacteria and immune tolerance breakdown,as observed in rheumatic fever triggered by Streptococci via molecular mimicry,epitope spread and bystander effects.The availability of high-throughput techniques has significantly advanced our capacity to sequence the microbiome and demonstrated variable degrees of dysbiosis in numerous autoimmune diseases,including rheumatoid arthritis,type 1 diabetes,multiple sclerosis and autoimmune liver disease.It remains unknown whether the observed differences are related to the disease pathogenesis or follow the therapeutic and inflammatory changes and are thus mere epiphenomena.In fact,there are only limited data on the molecular mechanisms linking the microbiota to autoimmunity,and microbial therapeutics is being investigated to prevent or halt autoimmune diseases.As a putative mechanism,it is of particular interest that the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in response to microbial stimuli enables the presentation of self-antigens,giving rise to the differentiation of autoreactive Th17 cells and other T helper cells.This comprehensive review will illustrate the data demonstrating the crosstalk between intestinal microbiome and host innate and adaptive immunity,with an emphasis on how dysbiosis may influence systemic autoimmunity.In particular,a gut–liver axis involving the intestinal microbiome and hepatic autoimmunity is elucidated as a paradigm,considering its anatomic and physiological connections. | Bo Li Carlo Selmi Ruqi Tang ME Gershwin Xiong Ma | 2018 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2018，15，6： | 15 |
| 3 | Intestinal homeostasis in autoimmune liver diseases显示文摘Intestinal homeostasis depends on complex interactions between the gut microbiota and host immune system.Emerging evidence indicates that the intestinal microbiota is a key player in autoimmune liver disease(AILD).Autoimmune hepatitis,primary biliary cholangitis,primary sclerosing cholangitis,and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis have been linked to gut dysbiosis.Diverse mechanisms contribute to disturbances in intestinal homeostasis in AILD.Bacterial translocation and molecular mimicry can lead to hepatic inflammation and immune activation.Additionally,the gut and liver are continuously exposed to microbial metabolic products,mediating variable effects on liver immune pathologies.Importantly,microbiota-specific or associated immune responses,either hepatic or systemic,are abnormal in AILD.Comprehensive knowledge about host-microbiota interactions,included but not limited to this review,facilitates novel clinical practice from a microbiome-based perspective.However,many challenges and controversies remain in the microbiota field of AILD,and there is an urgent need for future investigations. | Qiaoyan Liu Wei He Ruqi Tang Xiong Ma | 2022 | Chinese Medical Journal2022，，14： | 2 |
| 4 | Mapping of de novo mutations in primary biliary cholangitis to a disease-specific co-expression network underlying homeostasis and metabolism显示文摘Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC) is an autoimmune disease involving dysregulation of a broad array of homeostatic and metabolic processes. Although considerable single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been unveiled, a large fraction of risk factors remains enigmatic. Candidate genes with rare mutations that tend to confer more deleterious effects need to be identified. To help pinpoint cellular and developmental mechanisms beyond common noncoding variants, we integrate whole exome sequencing with integrative network analysis to investigate genes harboring de novo mutations. Prominent convergence has been revealed on a network of disease-specific co-expression comprised of 55 genes associated with homeostasis and metabolism. The transcription factor gene MEF2 D and the DNA repair gene PARP2 are highlighted as hub genes and identified to be up-and down-regulated, respectively, in peripheral blood data set. Enrichment analysis demonstrates that altered expression of MEF2 D and PARP2 may trigger a series of molecular and cellular processes with pivotal roles in PBC pathophysiology. Our study identifies genes with de novo mutations in PBC and suggests that a subset of genes in homeostasis and metabolism tend to act in synergy through converging on co-expression network, providing novel insights into the etiology of PBC and expanding the pool of molecular candidates for discovering clinically actionable biomarkers. | Lu Wang Jinchen Li Chan Wang Ruqi Tang Jialong Liang Yuhua Gong Yaping Dai Ningling Ding Jian Wu Na Dai Lei Liu Yi Zhao Youlin Shao Weifeng Zhao Peng Jiang Xingjuan Shi Weichang Chen Ye Tian Xiangdong Liu Xiong Ma Zhongsheng Sun | 2022 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2022，49，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Differential regulation of JAK1 expression by ETS1 associated with predisposition to primary biliary cholangitis显示文摘Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by the destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts and progressive cholestasis,eventually leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatic failure without appropriate treatment(Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli et al.,2019). | Peng Jiang Chan Wang Mingming Zhang Ye Tian Weifeng Zhao Junyi Xin Yexi Huang Zhibin Zhao Wenjuan Sun Jie Long Ruqi Tang Fang Qiu Xingjuan Shi Yi Zhao Li Zhu Na Dai Lei Liu Xudong Wu Jinshan Nie Bo Jiang Youlin Shao Yueqiu Gao Jianjiang Yu Zhigang Hu Zhidong Zang Yuhua Gong Yaping Dai Lan Wang Ningling Ding Ping Xu Sufang Chen Lu Wang Jing Xu Luyao Zhang Junyan Hong Ruonan Qian Hu Li Xuan Jiang Congwei Chen Wenyan Tian Jian Wu Yuzhang Jiang Chongxu Han Kui Zhang Hong Qiu Li Li Hong Fan Liming Chen Jianqiong Zhang Zhongsheng Sun Xiao Han Zhenhua Dai Erguang Li M.Eric Gershwin Zhexiong Lian Xiong Ma Michael F.Seldin Weichang Chen Meilin Wang Xiangdong Liu | 2023 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2023，50，10： | 0 |
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