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| 1 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 2 | Aplysamine-1 and related analogs as histamine H3 receptor antagonists显示文摘 | SWANSON D M WILSON S J BOGGS J D | 2006 | Bioorg Med Chem Lett2006，16，4： | 1 |
| 3 | , Efficient isolation of microspores and the production of mtcrospore-de-rlved embryos from Brawca napus显示文摘 | Swanson E B Coumans M P Wu S C | 1987 | Plant Cell Rep1987，6，： | 1 |
| 4 | Functional MR of frontal lobe activation: comparison with Wada language results显示文摘 | Yetkin FZ Swanson S Fischer M | 1998 | AJNR Am J Neuroradiol1998，19，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Characterization of the interlaminar fracture toughness of a laminated carbon/epoxy composite显示文摘 | Mathews M J Swanson S R | 2007 | Compos Sci Technol2007，67，： | 1 |
| 6 | Survival following lobectomy and limited resection for the treatment of stage I non-small cell lung cancer 1 cm in size:a review of SEER data显示文摘 | Kates M Swanson S Wisnivesky JP | 2011 | Chest2011，139，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Evidence forpreferential flow through sandstone aquifers in Southern Wisconsin显示文摘 | SWANSON S K BAHR J M BRADBURY K R | 2006 | Sedimentary Geology2006，184，33： | 1 |
| 8 | Survival following lobectomy and limited resection for the treatment of stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer《=1cm in size:a review of SEER data显示文摘 | Kates M Swanson S Wisnivesky JP | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 9 | Dietary and nutritional factors and pancreatic cancer: a case control study based on direct inter- views显示文摘 | Silverman D T Swanson C A Gridley G Wacholder S Green- berg R S Brown L M | 1998 | J Natl Cancer Inst1998，90，： | 1 |
| 10 | Storm track dynamic显示文摘 | Chang E K Lee M S Swanson K L | 2002 | J Climate2002，15，16： | 1 |
| 11 | Functional MR of frontal lobe activation: comparison with wada language results 显示文摘 | Yetkin FZ Swanson S Fischer M et ol | 1998 | Am J Neuroradiol1998，19，6： | 1 |
| 12 | The role of relationship quality in the stratification of vendors as perceived by customers 显示文摘 | DORSCH M J SWANSON S R KELLY S W | 1998 | Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science1998，26，2： | 1 |
| 13 | The Role of Relationship Quality in the Stratification of Vendors as Perceived by Customers显示文摘 | DORSCH M J SWANSON S R KELLEY S W | 1998 | Academy of Marketing Science1998，26，2： | 1 |
| 14 | RNA-binding proteins as developmental regulators 显示文摘 | BANDZIULIS R J SWANSON M S DREYFUSS G | 1989 | Genes Dev1989，3，： | 1 |
| 15 | Gender differences for the predictors of depression in young adults with genital herpes显示文摘 | Dibble S L Swanson J M | 2000 | Public Health Nuts2000，17，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Mechanics of granular materials at low effective stresses 显示文摘 | Sture S Costes N C Batiste S N Lankton M R Alshibli K A Jeremic B Swanson R A Frank M | 1998 | Journal of Aerospace Engineering1998，11，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Fructooligosaccharides and Lactobacillus acidophilus modify bowelfunction and protein catabolites excreted by healthy humans显示文摘 | SWANSON K S GRIESHOP C M FLICKINGER E A | 2002 | J Nutr2002，132，： | 1 |
| 18 | Heat shock protein protecttion显示文摘 | Sharp F R Massa S M Swanson R A | 1999 | TINS1999，22，： | 1 |
| 19 | Survival following lobectomy and limited resection for the treatment of stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer 《 =1 cm in size:a review of SEER data显示文摘 | Kates M Swanson S Wisnivesky JP | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 20 | Breaks in the syncytial trophoblast layer of human placenta villi are due to apotosis 显示文摘 | SWANSON P S | 1996 | Soc Gynecol Invest1996，3，： | 1 |
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