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| 1 | Mental and physical symptoms associated with lower social support for patients with hepatitis C显示文摘AIM: To systematically examine the impact of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnosis on patients' level of social support in a large-scale study. METHODS: Patients evaluated and treated for HCV in a tertiary referral center were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Demographic data, functional and emotional status as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), severity of liver disease, mode of acquisition, and physical and psychiatric comorbidities were collected from patients or abstracted from the medical record. All participants completed a semi-structured interview, addressing questions of social support. RESULTS: A total of 342 patients (mean age 45.2 years; 37% women) were enrolled. Ninety-two (27%) patients described lower levels of support by family and friends. Nearly half of the participants (45%) noted the loss of at least one relationship due to the disease. Fears related to transmitting the disease (25%) were common and often associated with ignorance or even discrimination by others (19%). Nearly one fifth of the patients did not share information about their disease with others to avoid being stigmatized. Lower levels of social support were significantly associated with living alone, being unemployed, being excluded from antiviral therapy, having psychiatric comorbidities, contracting HCV through intravenous drug use, having high levels of anxiety and depression as measured by the HAD and negative mood state as measured by the SIP. Patients reporting lower levels of social support also noted more physical symptoms as measured by the SIP. CONCLUSION: Patients with hepatitis C often face significant social problems, ranging from social isolation to familial stress. The most common concerns reflect a limited insight of patients and their relatives and friends about the disease, the risk factors for its spread, and about potential consequences. Our data suggest that educational interventions targeting support persons and the stressors identified in our findings may lessen or alleviate the social strains patients with hepatitis C experience. | Julie A Blasiole Laura Shinkunas Douglas R LaBrecque Robert M Arnold Susan L Zickmund | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，29： | 5 |
| 2 | Th1 cytokines promote T-cell binding to antigen-presenting cells via enhanced hyaluronan production and accumulation at the immune synapse显示文摘Hyaluronan(HA)production by dendritic cells(DCs)is known to promote antigen presentation and to augment T-cell activation and proliferation.We hypothesized that pericellular HA can function as intercellular‘glue’directly mediating T cell–DC binding.Using primary human cells,we observed HA-dependent binding between T cells and DCs,which was abrogated upon pre-treatment of the DCs with 4-methylumbelliferone(4-MU),an agent which blocks HA synthesis.Furthermore,T cells regulate HA production by DCs via T cell-derived cytokines in a T helper(Th)subset-specific manner,as demonstrated by the observation that cell-culture supernatants from Th1 but not Th2 clones promote HA production.Similar effects were seen upon the addition of exogenous Th1 cytokines,IL-2,interferon c(IFN-c)and tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-a).The critical factors which determined the extent of DC–T cell binding in this system were the nature of the pre-treatment the DCs received and their capacity to synthesize HA,as T-cell clones which were pre-treated with monensin,added to block cytokine secretion,bound equivalently irrespective of their Th subset.These data support the existence of a feedforward loop wherein T-cell cytokines influence DC production of HA,which in turn affects the extent of DC–T cell binding.We also document the presence of focal deposits of HA at the immune synapse between T-cells and APC and on dendritic processes thought to be important in antigen presentation.These data point to a pivotal role for HA in DC–T cell interactions at the IS. | Paul L Bollyky Stephen P Evanko Rebecca P Wu Susan Potter-Perigo S Alice Long Brian Kinsella Helena Reijonen Kelly Guebtner Brandon Teng Christina K Chan Kathy R Braun John A Gebe Gerald T Nepom Thomas N Wight | 2010 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2010，7，3： | 3 |
| 3 | Increasing diabetes self-management education in community settings显示文摘 | Susan L Norris Phyllis J Nichols Carl J Caspersen Russell E Glasgow Michael M Engelgau Leonard Jack Susan R Snyder Vilma G Carande-Kulis George Isham Sanford Garfield Peter Briss David McCulloch | 2002 | American Journal of Preventive Medicine2002，，4： | 2 |
| 4 | Genome sequence and analysis of the soil cellulolytic actinomyeete Thermobifidafusca YX 显示文摘 | Athanasios L Konstantinos M Natalia I lain A Miriam L Genevieve D Michele M Alia L Susan L Alex C Paul R David BW Nikos K | 2007 | J Bacteriol2007，189，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Early intervention care in the acute stroke pationt显示文摘 | SHERRIL L SUSAN R | 1986 | Arch Phys Med Rehabil1986，67，10： | 1 |
| 6 | What is IgG4? A review of the biology of a unique immunoglobulin subtype显示文摘 | Ajay Nirula Scott M Glaser Susan L Kalled Frederick R Taylora | 2011 | Current Opinion in Rheumatology2011，，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Pediatric Sleep Apnea Impli- eation of the Epidemic of Childhood Overweight显示文摘 | Carolyn E levers L Susan R | 2007 | Am J Respor Crit Care Med2007，17，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Persistent DDT metabolite, p,p'-DDE is a potent androgen receptor antagonist显示文摘 | William R K Christy R S Susan C L | 1995 | Nature1995，375，6532： | 1 |
| 9 | Early intervention in acute stroke patient 显示文摘 | Sherril L Susan R | 1986 | Arch Phys Med Rehabil1986，67，： | 1 |
| 10 | A rabbit model for assessing the ocular barriers to the transscleral delivery of triamcinolone acetonide 显示文摘 | MICHAEL R SUSAN S L HYUNCHEOL K | 2006 | Exp Eye Res2006，82，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes meilitus显示文摘 | Susan P H David R R Rita W L | 1991 | N Engl J Med1991，325，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Detailed absorption,reflectance,and UV photoelectron spectroscopic and theoretical studies of the charge-transfer transitions of tetrachlorocuprate(2-) ion:correlation of the square-planar and the tetrahedral limits显示文摘 | Sylvie R D Kevin W Susan L C | 1983 | J Am Chem Soc1983，105，： | 1 |
| 13 | The role of testosterone therapy in postmenopausal women : position statement of the north american menopause society 显示文摘 | Jan L Susan R Dennerstein L | 2005 | Menopause2005，12，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Vanadium induced inhibition of renal Na+,K+-ATPase in the chicken after chronic dietary exposure显示文摘 | Phillips T D Bohdan R N Susan L N | 1982 | J Toxical Environ Healthy1982，，9： | 1 |
| 15 | A post-1990s sassessment of strategic hospital alliances and their marketplace orientations-time to refocus显示文摘 | Peter C O Susan D R Roice D L | 2002 | Health Care Management Review2002，27，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Smart sensor system for trace organophosphorus and organosulfur vapor detection employing a temperature-controlled arrayof SAW sensors, automated sample preconeentration, and pattern recognition显示文摘 | JAY W SUSAN L R | 1993 | Anal Chem1993，65，14： | 1 |
| 17 | Early warning fire detection system using a probabilistic neural network显示文摘 | ROSE-PEHRSSON R SEAN J | 2003 | Fire Technology2003，，39： | 1 |
| 18 | Employee Ownership: A Conceptual Model of Process and Effects 显示文摘 | Pierce J L Stephen A R Susan M | 1991 | Academy of Management Review1991，16，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Bio- control agents applied individually and in combination for suppression of soilborne diseases of cucumber 显示文摘 | DANIEL P R SCOTF M L SUSAN L F | 2005 | Crop Protection2005，24，： | 1 |
| 20 | Statistical significance of freeze-thaw related factors on cumulative damage to flexible pavements 显示文摘 | Kestler Maureen A Berg Richard L Bigl Susan R | 2011 | Trans- portation Research Record2011，2232，： | 1 |
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