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| 1 | Design of 16S rRNA gene primers for 454 pyrosequencing of the human foregut microbiome显示文摘AIM:To design and validate broad-range 16S rRNA primers for use in high throughput sequencing to classify bacteria isolated from the human foregut microbiome.METHODS:A foregut microbiome dataset was constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from oral,esophageal,and gastric microbiomes produced by Sanger sequencing in previous studies represented by 219 bacterial species.Candidate primers evaluated were from the European rRNA database.To assess the effect of sequence length on accuracy of classification,16S rRNA genes of various lengths were created by trimming the full length sequences.Sequences spanning various hypervariable regions were selected to simulate the amplicons that would be obtained using possible primer pairs.The sequences were compared with full length 16S rRNA genes for accuracy in taxonomic classification using online software at the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP).The universality of the primer set was evaluated using the RDP 16S rRNA database which is comprised of 433 306 16S rRNA genes,represented by 36 phyla.RESULTS:Truncation to 100 nucleotides(nt)downstream from the position corresponding to base 28 in the Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene caused misclassification of 87(39.7%)of the 219 sequences,compared with misclassification of only 29(13.2%)sequences with truncation to 350 nt.Among 350-nt sequence reads within various regions of the 16S rRNA gene,the reverse read of an amplicon generated using the 343F/798R primers had the least(8.2%)effect on classification.In comparison,truncation to 900 nt mimicking single pass Sanger reads misclassified 5.0%of the 219 sequences.The 343F/798R amplicon accurately assigned 91.8%of the 219 sequences at the species level.Weighted by abundance of the species in the esophageal dataset,the 343F/798R amplicon yielded similar classification accuracy without a significant loss in species coverage(92%).Modification of the 343F/798R primers to 347F/803R increased their universality among foregut species.Assuming that a typicalpolymerase chain reaction can tolerate 2 mismatches between a primer and a template,the modified 347F and 803R primers should be able to anneal 98%and 99.6%of all 16S rRNA genes in the RDP database.CONCLUSION:347F/803R is the most suitable pair of primers for classification of foregut 16S rRNA genes but also possess universality suitable for analyses of other complex microbiomes. | Carlos W Nossa William E Oberdorf Jφrn A Aas Bruce J Paster Todd Z DeSantis Eoin L Brodie Daniel Malamud Michael A Poles Zhiheng Pei | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，33： | 16 |
| 2 | Method for rapid on-site identification of VOCs显示文摘Rapid on-site identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air is an important first step in remediation efforts. This study describes modification of a commercially available, portable GC/MS system and development of an analysis protocol for rapid (< 3 min) sampling and identification of VOCs typically found at contaminated sites at the low ppbv level. | Justin D Fair William F Bailey Robert A Felty Amy E Gifford Benjamin Shultes Leslie H Volles | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009，21，7： | 8 |
| 3 | Pancreatic endometrial cyst mimics mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas显示文摘Pancreatic cysts include a variety of benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions. Endometrial cysts in the pancreas are exceedingly rare lesions that are difficult to diagnose pre-operatively. This report describes the findings in a 43-year-old patient with a recent episode of acute pancreatitis who presented with a large cyst in the tail of the pancreas. Imaging demonstrated a loculated pancreatic cyst, and cyst fluid aspiration revealed an elevated amylase and carcinoembryonic antigen. The patient experienced an interval worsening of abdominal pain, fatigue, diarrhea, and a 15-pound weight loss 3 mo after the initial episode of pancreatitis. With concern for a possible pre-malignant lesion, the patient underwent a laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, which revealed a 16cm×12cm×4cm lesion. Final histopathology was consistent with an intra-pancreatic endometrial cyst. Here we discuss the overlapping imaging and laboratory features of pancreatic endometrial cysts and mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. | Michael A Mederos Nicole Villafane Sadhna Dhingra Carlos Farinas Amy Mc Elhany William E Fisher George Van Buren II | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，6： | 7 |
| 4 | Role of functional imaging in the development and refinement of invasive neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders显示文摘Deep brain stimulation(DBS) is emerging as a pow-erful tool for the alleviation of targeted symptoms in treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the expanding use of neuropsychiatric DBS, the mecha-nisms responsible for its effects are only starting to be elucidated. Several modalities such as quantitative elec-troencephalography as well a intraoperative recordings have been utilized to attempt to understand the under-pinnings of this new treatment modality, but functional imaging appears to offer several unique advantages. Functional imaging techniques like positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomog-raphy and functional magnetic resonance imaging have been used to examine the effects of focal DBS on activ-ity in a distributed neural network. These investigations are critical for advancing the field of invasive neuro-modulation in a safe and effective manner, particularly in terms of defining the neuroanatomical targets and refining the stimulation protocols. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current functional neuroim-aging findings from neuropsychiatric DBS implantation for three disorders: treatment-resistant depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Tourette syndrome. All of the major targets will be discussed(Nucleus ac-cumbens, anterior limb of internal capsule, subcallosal cingulate, Subthalamic nucleus, Centromedial nucleus of the thalamus-Parafasicular complex, frontal pole, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). We will also address some apparent inconsistencies within this literature, and suggest potential future directions for this promis-ing area. | Nolan R Williams Joseph J Taylor Kayla Lamb Colleen A Hanlon E Baron Short Mark S George | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，10： | 6 |
| 5 | Short and long term outcomes of 200 patients supported by continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices显示文摘AIM: To study the institutional experience over 8 years with 200 continuous-flow(CF)- left ventricular assist devices(LVAD).METHODS: We evaluated our institution's LVAD database and analyzed all patients who received a CF LVAD as a bridge to transplant(BTT) or destination therapy from March 2006 until June 2014. We identified 200 patients, of which 179 were implanted with a Heart Mate II device(Thoratec Corp., Pleasanton, CA) and 21 received a Heartware HVAD(Heart Ware Inc., Framingham, MA).RESULTS: The mean age of our LVAD recipients was 59.3 years(range 17-81), 76%(152/200) were males, and 49% were implanted for the indication of BTT. The survival rate for our LVAD patients at 30 d, 6 mo, 12 mo, 2 years, 3 years, and 4 years was 94%, 86%, 78%, 71%, 62% and 45% respectively. The mean duration of LVAD support was 581 d(range 2-2595 d). Gastrointestinal bleeding(was the most common adverse event(43/200, 21%), followed by right ventricular failure(38/200, 19%), stroke(31/200, 15%), re exploration for bleeding(31/200, 15%),ventilator dependent respiratory failure(19/200, 9%) and pneumonia(15/200, 7%). Our driveline infection rate was 7%. Pump thrombosis occurred in 6% of patients. Device exchanged was needed in 6% of patients. On multivariate analysis, preoperative liver dysfunction, ventilator dependent respiratory failure, tracheostomy and right ventricular failure requiring right ventricular assist device support were significant predictors of post LVAD survival.CONCLUSION: Short and long term survival for patients on LVAD support are excellent, although outcomes still remain inferior compared to heart transplantation. The incidence of driveline infections, pump thrombosis and pump exchange have declined significantly in recent years. | Athanasios Tsiouris Gaetano Paone Hassan W Nemeh Jamil Borgi Celeste T Williams David E Lanfear Jeffrey A Morgan | 2015 | World Journal of Cardiology2015，7，11： | 5 |
| 6 | Model combining pre-transplant tumor biomarkers and tumor size shows more utility in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and survival than the BALAD models显示文摘AIM To assess the performance of BALAD, BALAD-2 and their component biomarkers in predicting outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients after liver transplant.METHODS BALAD score and BALAD-2 class are derived from bilirubin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP(AFP-L3), and des-gammacarboxyprothrombin(DCP). Pre-transplant AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP were measured in 113 patients transplanted for HCC from 2000 to 2008. Hazard ratios(HR) for recurrence and death were calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. C-statistics were used to compare biomarker-based to predictive models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 38 patients recurred and 87 died. The HRs for recurrence in patients with elevated AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP defined by BALAD cut-off values were 2.42(1.18-5.00), 1.86(0.98-3.52), and 2.83(1.42-5.61), respectively. For BALAD, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased score were 1.48(1.15-1.91) and 1.59(1.28-1.97). For BALAD-2, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased class were 1.45(1.06-1.98) and 1.38(1.09-1.76). For recurrence prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs. 0.64, 0.61, 0.53, and 0.53 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF, respectively. Similarly, for death prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs 0.65,0.61, 0.52, and 0.50 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF. A new model combining biomarkers with tumor size at the time of transplant(S-LAD) demonstrated the highest predictive capability with c-statistics of 0.71 and 0.69 for recurrence and death. CONCLUSION BALAD and BALAD-2 are valid in transplant HCC patients, but less predictive than the three biomarkers in combination or the three biomarkers in combination with maximal tumor diameter(S-LAD). | Nicha Wongjarupong Gabriela M Negron-Ocasio Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Benyam D Addissie Essa A Mohamed Kristin C Mara William S Harmsen J Paul Theobald Brian E Peters Joseph G Balsanek Melissa M Ward Nasra H Giama Sudhakar K Venkatesh Denise M Harnois Michael R Charlton Hiroyuki Yamada Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich Melissa R Snyder Terry M Therneau Lewis R Roberts | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，12： | 5 |
| 7 | Hospitalized prevalence and 5-year mortality for IBD:Record linkage study显示文摘AIM:To establish the hospitalized prevalence of severe Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC) in Wales from 1999 to 2007;and to investigate long-term mortality after hospitalization and associations with social deprivation and other socio-demographic factors.METHODS:Record linkage of administrative inpatient and mortality data for 1467 and 1482 people hospitalised as emergencies for ≥ 3d for CD and UC,respectively.The main outcome measures were hospitalized prevalence,mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios for up to 5 years follow-up after hospitalization.RESULTS:Hospitalized prevalence was 50.1 per 100 000 population for CD and 50.6 for UC.The hospitalized prevalence of CD was significantly higher(P < 0.05) in females(57.4) than in males(42.2),and was highest in people aged 16-29 years,but the prevalence of UC was similar in males(51.0) and females(50.1),and increased continuously with age.The hospital-ized prevalence of CD was slightly higher in the most deprived areas,but there was no association between social deprivation and hospitalized prevalence of UC.Mortality was 6.8% and 14.6% after 1 and 5 years follow-up for CD,and 9.2% and 20.8% after 1 and 5 years for UC.For both CD and UC,there was little discernible association between mortality and social deprivation,distance from hospital,urban/rural residence and geography.CONCLUSION:CD and UC have distinct demographic profiles.The higher prevalence of hospitalized CD in more deprived areas may reflect higher prevalence and higher hospital dependency. | Lori A Button Stephen E Roberts Michael J Goldacre Ashley Akbari Sarah E Rodgers John G Williams | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，4： | 3 |
| 8 | Testing for HCV Infection: An Update of Guidance for Clinicians and Laboratorians显示文摘 | Getchell Jane P Wroblewski Kelly E DeMaria Alfred Bean Christine L Parker Monica M Pandori Mark Dufour D Robert Busch Michael P Brecher Mark E Meyer William A Pesano Rick L Teo Chong-Gee Beckett Geoffrey A Araujo Aufra C Branson Bernard M D | 2013 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report2013，，18： | 3 |
| 9 | Ron receptor-dependent gene regulation in a mouse model of endotoxin-induced acute liver failure显示文摘BACKGROUND:Prior experimentation has shown that loss of the tyrosine kinase(TK) signaling domain of the Ron receptor leads to marked hepatocyte protection in a model of lipopolysaccharideinduced acute liver failure(ALF) in D-galactosamine(GalN)sensitized mice.The aim of this study was to identify the role of Ron in the regulation of hepatic gene expression.METHODS:Microarray analyses were performed on liver RNA isolated sequentially from wild-type(WT) and TK-/mice during the progression of ALF.Gene array data were validated using Western and immunohistochemistry analyses as well as with ex vivo culture systems.RESULTS:At baseline,101 genes were differentially expressed between WT and TK-/-livers,which regulate processes involved in hypoxia,proliferation,apoptosis and metabolism.One hour after ALF induction,WT livers exhibited increased cytokine expression compared to TK-/-livers,and after 4 hours,an induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling(SOCS) genes as well as JAK-STAT pathway activation were prominent in TK-/livers compared to controls.CONCLUSION:Our studies suggest a novel hepato-protective mechanism in Ron TK-/-mice wherein increased and sustained SOCS production and JAK-STAT activation in the hepatocyte may inhibit the destructive proinflammatory milieu and promote survival factors which blunt hepatic death and the ensuing development of ALF. | Rishikesh M Kulkarni Louis W Kutcher William D Stuart Daniel J Carson Mike A Leonis Susan E Waltz | 2012 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2012，11，4： | 3 |
| 10 | DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers显示文摘 | Williams J G K Kubelik A E Levak K J | 1990 | Nucleic Acids Research1990，18，： | 2 |
| 11 | Chromodomain-helicase-DNA binding protein 5, 7 and pronecrotic mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein serve as potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinomas显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with a very poor prognosis. Recently, there has been a significant increase in research directed towards identifying potential biomarkers that can be used to diagnose and provide prognostic information for pancreatic cancer. These markers can be used clinically to optimize and personalize therapy for individual patients. In this review, we focused on 3 biomarkers involved in the DNA damage response pathway and the necroptosis pathway: Chromodomainhelicase-DNA binding protein 5, chromodomain-helicaseDNA binding protein 7, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein. The aim of this article is to review present literature provided for these biomarkers and current studies in which their effectiveness as prognostic biomarkers are analyzed in order to determine their future use as biomarkers in clinical medicine. Based on the data presented, these biomarkers warrant further investigation,and should be validated in future studies. | Crystal S Seldon Lauren E Colbert William A Hall Sarah B Fisher David S Yu Jerome C Landry | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2016，8，4： | 2 |
| 12 | 儿科CT应用和辐射暴露与癌症预测风险联系的研究显示文摘背景和目的计算机断层扫描(CT)在儿科的使用增加了人们对电离辐射暴露导致癌症风险的关注。本回顾性研究的目的在于量化确定在儿科使用CT和相关辐射暴露与癌症风险联系的趋势。方法调查自1996年至2010年间15岁以下接受过CT检查的儿童,共4,857,736人年。对五家保健系统于2001年至2011年间进行的744起对头部、腹部/骨盆、胸部和脊柱的随机CT扫描进行研究后,计算辐射剂量和预估癌症风险率。上述这些部位的扫描检查数量占所有CT扫描数量的95%以上。预估的癌症终生归因风险率计算基于《电离辐射的生物学效应》(BEIR)的第七次报告———针对乳腺癌、结肠癌、肝癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、胃癌、甲状腺癌、膀胱癌、子宫癌和白血病——以及使用类似方法开发出的针对口腔、食管、直肠、胰腺、肾及脑部肿瘤的计算机模型,这些肿瘤在美国所有癌症病例中所占的比例高达85%。结果在1996年至2005年间,5岁以下儿童CT检查率增加了1倍而5到14岁儿童使用率增加了2倍;2006至2007年间,儿童CT检查率保持稳定,而之后开始下降。有效剂量幅度为每次扫描0.03到69.2毫希弗。有效剂量在20毫希弗或以上的检查出现在14%~25%的腹部或盆腔扫描、6%~14%的脊柱扫描以及3%~8%的胸部扫描。与年长儿童及男性患儿相比,低龄者及女性患儿终生罹患实体癌症的风险更高;接受腹部、盆腔或脊柱CT扫描的患儿也较接受其他部位CT扫描更易引发实体癌。对于女性患儿,根据年龄不同,不同部位CT扫描辐射诱导实体癌发生情况分别为每300到390例腹部或盆腔扫描、每330到480例胸部扫描以及每270到800例脊柱扫描。对于5岁以下的患儿,进行头部CT扫描导致白血病的风险最高,达1.9/10000。美国卫生保健机构每年共对儿童各器官进行4百万次的CT扫描,这可能导致未来约4870例癌症病例。如果将最高辐射剂量降低25%,就可减少2090例癌症病例,相当于患癌风险降低43%。取消不必要的扫描,可减少3020例癌症病例,相当于患癌风险降低62%。结论CT在儿科使用的增加以及放射剂量的较大变化,导致很多儿童接受了高剂量检查。降低最高照射剂量1/4的策略可以显著地减少辐射诱发癌症的数量。 | Miglioretti DL Johnson E Williams A 陈斯乐 张信华 | 2014 | 消化肿瘤杂志(电子版)2014，0，1： | 2 |
| 13 | Impaired swallowing mechanics of post radiation therapy head and neck cancer patients: A retrospective videofluoroscopic study显示文摘AIM: To determine swallowing outcomes and hyolaryngeal mechanics associated with post radiation therapy head and neck cancer(rt HNC) patients using videofluoroscopic swallow studies. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, video-fluoroscopic images of rt HNC patients(n = 21) were compared with age and gender matched controls(n = 21). Penetration-aspiration of the bolus and bolus residue were measured as swallowing outcome variables. Timing and displacement measurements of the anterior and posterior muscular slings elevating the hyolaryngeal complex were acquired. Coordinate data of anatomical landmarks mapping the action of the anterior muscles(suprahyoid muscles) and posterior muscles(long pharyngeal muscles) were used to calculate the distance measurements, and slice numbers were used to calculate time intervals. Canonical variate analysis with post-hoc discriminant function analysis was performed on coordinate data to determine multivariate mechanics of swallowing associated with treatment. Pharyngeal constriction ratio(PCR) was also measured to determine if weak pharyngeal constriction is associated with post radiation therapy.RESULTS: The rt HNC group was characterized by poor swallowing outcomes compared to the control group in regards to: Penetration-aspiration scale(P < 0.0001), normalized residue ratio scale(NRRS) for the valleculae(P = 0.002) and NRRS for the piriform sinuses(P = 0.003). Timing and distance measurements of the anterior muscular sling were not significantly different in the two groups, whereas for the PMS time of displacement was abbreviated(P = 0.002) and distance of excursion was reduced(P = 0.02) in the rt HNC group. A canonical variate analysis shows a significant reduction in pharyngeal mechanics in the rt HNC group(P < 0.0001). The PCR was significantly higher in the test group than the control group(P = 0.0001) indicating reduced efficiency in pharyngeal clearance. CONCLUSION: Using videofluoroscopy, this study shows rt HNC patients have worse swallowing outcomes associated with reduced hyolaryngeal mechanics and pharyngeal constriction compared with controls. | William G Pearson Jr Alisa A Davidoff Zachary M Smith Dorothy E Adams Susan E Langmore | 2016 | World Journal of Radiology2016，8，2： | 2 |
| 14 | Natural and Anthropogenic Nitrate Contamination of Groundwater in a Rural Community, California 显示文摘 | Williams A E Lund L J Johanson J A | 1998 | Env Sci Tech1998，32，1： | 2 |
| 15 | 14-day triple, 5-day concomitant, and 10-day sequential therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection in seven Latin American sites: a randomised trial显示文摘 | E Robert Greenberg Garnet L Anderson Douglas R Morgan Javier Torres William D Chey Luis Eduardo Bravo Ricardo L Dominguez Catterina Ferreccio Rolando Herrero Eduardo C Lazcano-Ponce María Mercedes Meza-Montenegro Rodolfo Pe?a Edgar M Pe?a Eduardo Salazar- | 2011 | The Lancet2011，，9790： | 2 |
| 16 | Perioperative outcomes of major hepatic resections under low central venous pressure anesthesia: blood loss, blood transfusion, and the risk of postoperative renal dysfunction显示文摘 | Jose A Melendez Vittoria Arslan Mary E Fischer David Wuest William R Jarnagin Yuman Fong Leslie H Blumgart | 1998 | Journal of the American College of Surgeons1998，，6： | 2 |
| 17 | GATA3 controls Foxp3^sup +^ regulatory T cell fate during inflammation in mice显示文摘 | Wohlfert Elizabeth A Grainger John R Bouladoux Nicolas Konkel Joanne E Oldenhove Guillaume Ribeiro Carolina Hager Hall Jason A Yagi Ryoji Naik Shruti Bhairavabhotla Ravikiran Paul William E Bosselut Remy Wei Gang Zhao Keji Oukka Mohamed Zhu | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2011，，11： | 2 |
| 18 | Reoperation for prosthetic aortic valve obstruction in the era of echocardiography: trends in diagnostic testing and comparison with surgical findings显示文摘 | Steven E Girard Fletcher A Miller Thomas A Orszulak Charles J Mullany Samantha Montgomery William D Edwards Henry D Tazelaar Joseph F Malouf A.Jamil Tajik | 2001 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2001，，2： | 2 |
| 19 | Efficacy of everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase III trial显示文摘 | Robert J Motzer Bernard Escudier Stéphane Oudard Thomas E Hutson Camillo Porta Sergio Bracarda Viktor Grünwald John A Thompson Robert A Figlin Norbert Hollaender Gladys Urbanowitz William J Berg Andrea Kay David Lebwohl Alain Ravaud | 2008 | The Lancet2008，，9637： | 2 |
| 20 | Guideline for infection control in health care personnel 显示文摘 | Bolyard E A Tablan O C Williams W W etal | 1998 | Am J Infect Control1998，26，： | 1 |
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