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| 1 | The black water around the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary in the spring of 2003显示文摘The Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary is located in the East China Sea shelf with shallow water. Affected by the tide mixing and the runoff of the Changjiang River and the Qiantang River, the turbidity is very high. Generally, the water-leaving radiance is high in the turbid water because of the large particle scattering. Based on the in-situ data and ocean color remote sensing data of SeaWiFS, it was found that there was a black water region with the normalized water-leaving radiances less than 0.5 mW/(cm2·μm2·sr). The optical principle of the occurrence of this black water was analyzed by the inherent optical properties and the ocean color components. The results show that black water is caused by the relative low values of the suspended particle matter concentration and the back scattering ratio. In the black water region, the percentage of the phytoplankton absorption was relatively high, and the large size of the phytoplankton caused the low value of the particle backscattering ratio. | BAI Yan HE Xianqiang PAN Delu ZHU Qiankun GONG Fang | 2009 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2009，28，4： | 6 |
| 2 | A general purpose exact Rayleigh scattering look-up table for ocean color remote sensing显示文摘The current exact Rayleigh scattering calculation of ocean color remote sensing uses the look-up table (LUT), which is usually created for a special remote sensor and cannot be applied to other sensors. For practical application, a general purpose Rayleigh scattering LUT which can be applied to all ocean color remote sensors is generated. An adding-doubling method to solve the vector radiative transfer equation in the plane-parallel atmosphere is deduced in detail. Compared with the exact Rayleigh scattering radiance derived from the MODIS exact Rayleigh scattering LUT, it is proved that the relative error of Rayleigh scattering calculation with the adding-doubling method is less than 0.25%, which meets the required accuracy of the atmospheric correction of ocean color remote sensing. Therefore, the adding-doubling method can be used to generate the exact Rayleigh scattering LUT for the ocean color remote sensors. Finally, the general purpose exact Rayleigh scattering LUT is generated using the adding-doubling method. On the basis of the general purpose LUT, the calculated Rayleigh scattering radiance is tested by comparing with the LUTs of MODIS, SeaWiFS and the other ocean color sensors, showing that the relative errors are all less than 0.5%, and this general purpose LUT can be applied to all ocean color remote sensors. | HE Xianqiang PAN Delu BAI Yan GONG Fang | 2006 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2006，25，1： | 5 |
| 3 | Vector radiative transfer numerical model of coupled ocean-atmosphere system using matrix-operator method显示文摘A vector radiative transfer numerical model of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system is developed based on the matrix-operator method, which is named PCOART. Using the Fourier analysis, the vector radiative transfer equation (VRTE) is separated into a set of equations depending only on the observa-tion zenith angle. Using the Gaussian-Quadrature method, VRTE is finally transferred into the matrix equation solved by the adding-doubling method. According to the reflective and refractive properties of the ocean-atmosphere interface, the vector radiative transfer numerical model of the ocean and at-mosphere is coupled in PCOART. Compared with the exact Rayleigh scattering look-up tables of MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), it is shown that PCOART is an exactly numerical model, and the processing methods of the multi-scattering and polarization are correct. Also, validated with the standard problems of the radiative transfer in water, it is shown that PCOART can be used to calculate the underwater radiative transfer problems. Therefore, PCOART is a useful tool for exactly calculating the vector radiative transfer of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system, which can be used to study the polarization properties of the radiance in the whole ocean-atmosphere system and the remote sensing of the atmosphere and ocean. | HE XianQiang PAN DeLu BAI Yan ZHU QianKun GONG Fang | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，3： | 5 |
| 4 | Preliminary study on the orbit cross-calibration of CMODIS by SeaWiFS显示文摘China launched its third spaceship SZ 3 in March, 2002 on which the main remote sensor is the Chinese moderate imaging spectra radiometer (CMODIS). In this paper the properties of CMODIS are firstly introduced briefly. Then, the theory and algorithm of cross calibration for CMODIS ocean color channels by the sea viewing wide field of view sensor (SeaWiFS) data are discussed in detail. The total radiance (TOA) of four quasi synchronized crossing ocean areas simulated by SeaWiFS and measured by CMODIS are compared and the calibration coefficients are derived from the relationship between them. Finally, the in situ water leaving radiance data are used to validate the calibration results. The results show that the cross calibration method could provide reasonable precision for ocean color measurement. | PAN Delu*, HE Xianqiang and MAO Tianming(Key Laboratory of Ocean Dynamic Processes and Satellite Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou 310012, China) | 2003 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2003，13，10： | 4 |
| 5 | Comparisons of OCO-2 satellite derived XCO_(2)with in situ and modeled data over global ocean显示文摘Atmospheric CO_(2)is one of key parameters to estimate air-sea CO_(2)flux.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2(OCO-2)satellite has observed the column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of global atmospheric carbon dioxide(XCO_(2))since 2014.In this study,the OCO-2 XCO_(2)products were compared between in-situ data from the Total Carbon Column Network(TCCON)and Global Monitoring Division(GMD),and modeling data from CarbonTracker2019 over global ocean and land.Results showed that the OCO-2 XCO_(2)data are consistent with the TCCON and GMD in situ XCO_(2)data,with mean absolute biases of 0.25×10^(-6)and 0.67×10^(-6),respectively.Moreover,the OCO-2 XCO_(2)data are also consistent with the CarbonTracker2019 modeling XCO_(2)data,with mean absolute biases of 0.78×10^(-6)over ocean and 1.02×10^(-6)over land.The results indicated the high accuracy of the OCO-2 XCO_(2)product over global ocean which could be applied to estimate the air-sea CO_(2)flux. | Siqi Zhang Yan Bai Xianqiang He Haiqing Huang Qiangkun Zhu Fang Gong | 2021 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2021，40，4： | 3 |
| 6 | Upper ocean responses to category 5 typhoon Megi in the western north Pacific显示文摘Category 5 typhoon Megi was the most intense typhoon in 2010 of the world. It lingered in the South China Sea (SCS) for 5 d and caused a significant phytoplankton bloom detected by the satellite image. In this study, the authors investigated the ocean biological and physical responses to typhoon Megi by using chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration, sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), sea surface wind measurements derived from different satellites and in situ data. The chl-a concentration (>3 mg/m 3 ) increased thirty times in the SCS after the typhoon passage in comparison with the mean level of October averaged from 2002 to 2009. With the relationship of wind stress curl and upwelling, the authors found that the speed of upwelling was over ten times during typhoon than pre-typhoon period. Moreover, the mixed layer deepened about 20 m. These reveal that the enhancement of chl-a concentration was triggered by strong vertical mixing and upwelling. Along the track of typhoon, the maximum sea surface cooling (6-8 C) took place in the SCS where the moving speed of typhoon was only 1.4-2.8 m/s and the mixed layer depth was about 20 m in pre-typhoon period. However, the SST drop at the east of the Philippines is only 1-2 C where the translation speed of typhoon was 5.5-6.9 m/s and the mixed layer depth was about 40 m in pre-typhoon period. So the extent of the SST drop was probably due to the moving speed of typhoon and the depth of the mixed layer. In addition, the region with the largest decline of the sea surface height anomaly can indicate the location where the maximum cooling occurs. | CHEN Xiaoyan PAN Delu HE Xianqiang BAI Yan WANG Difeng | 2012 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2012，31，1： | 3 |
| 7 | Satellite remote sensing of ultraviolet irradiance on the ocean surface显示文摘Ultraviolet(UV) radiation has a significant influence on marine biological processes and primary productivity;however, the existing ocean color satellite sensors seldom contain UV bands. A look-up table of wavelengthintegrated UV irradiance(280–400 nm) on the sea surface is established using the coupled ocean atmosphere radiative transfer(COART) model. On the basis of the look-up table, the distributions of the UV irradiance at middle and low latitudes are inversed by using the satellite-derived atmospheric products from the Aqua satellite,including aerosol optical thickness at 550 nm, ozone content, liquid water path, and the total precipitable water.The validation results show that the mean relative difference of the 10 d rolling averaged UV irradiance between the satellite retrieval and field observations is 8.20% at the time of satellite passing and 13.95% for the daily dose of UV. The monthly-averaged UV irradiance and daily dose of UV retrieved by satellite data show a good correlation with the in situ data, with mean relative differences of 6.87% and 8.43%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis of satellite inputs is conducted. The liquid water path representing the condition of cloud has the highest effect on the retrieval of the UV irradiance, while ozone and aerosol have relatively lesser effect. The influence of the total precipitable water is not significant. On the basis of the satellite-derived UV irradiance on the sea surface, a preliminary simple estimation of ultraviolet radiation's effects on the global marine primary productivity is presented, and the results reveal that ultraviolet radiation has a non-negligible effect on the estimation of the marine primary productivity. | LI Teng PAN Delu BAI Yan LI Gang HE Xianqiang CHEN Chen-Tung Arthur GAO Kunshan LIU Dong LEI Hui | 2015 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2015，34，6： | 2 |
| 8 | Effects of ultraviolet radiation on marine primary production with reference to satellite remote sensing显示文摘孵化实验证明了那紫外放射( UVR )在海洋的主要生产( MPP )上有重要影响.然而,存在 MPP 的卫星遥感模型仅仅考虑可见轻放射的效果,另外忽略 UVR ,海洋颜色卫星数据当前为 MPP 评价使用了别包含紫外乐队更好与卫星遥感的参考理解 MPP 模型开发的机制,包括 UVR 效果,我们首先在浮游植物和 MPP 上考察了 UVR 效果的最近的研究,它然后为 MPP 的改进卫星遥感加亮需要,基于用可见放射的当前的 MPP 模型,我们讨论了过去常实现与 UVR 有关的三个关键模型变量的量的方法:在海表面的 UVR 紧张,在水之最上层的层的 UVR 的变细,并且最大或最佳的光合的率,就 UVR 的效果而言,这些UVR相关的变量的实现能在进一步在 MPP 的遥感上估计 UVR 效果,并且在重新估计是有用的我们全体的 MPP 评价的存在知识与全球变化有关的空间规模和长期的规模。 | Teng LI Yan BAI Gang LI Xianqiang HE Chen-Tung Arthur CHEN Kunshan GAO Dong LIU | 2015 | Frontiers of Earth Science2015，9，2： | 2 |
| 9 | Wind vector retrieval algorithm from spaceborne lidar data显示文摘The principal purpose of this paper is to extract entire sea surface wind's information from spaceborne lidaand particularly to utilize a appropriate algorithm for removing the interference information due to whitecaps and subsurface water. Wind speeds are obtained through empirical relationship with sea surface measquare slopes. Wind directions are derived from relationship between wind speeds and wind directions implied in CMOD5n geophysical models function(GMF). Whitecaps backscattering signals were distinguishewith the help of lidar depolarization ratio measurements and rectified by whitecaps coverage equationSubsurface water backscattering signals were corrected by means of inverse distance weighted(IDW) froneighborhood non-singular data with optimal subsurface water backscattering calibration parameters. Tverify the algorithm reliably, it selected NDBC's TAO buoy-laying area as survey region in camparison witbuoys' wind field data and METOP satellite ASCAT of 25 km single orbit wind field data after temporal-spatial matching. Validation results showed that the retrieval algorithm works well in terms of root mean squarerror(RMSE) less than 2m/s and wind direction's RMSE less than 21 degree. | WANG Tianyu PAN Delu HE Xianqiang WANG Difeng | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，3： | 1 |
| 10 | DNA tetrahedron-mediated immune-sandwich assay for rapid and sensitive detection of PSA through a microfluidic electrochemical detection system显示文摘Prostate-specific antigen(PSA)is the most widely used biomarker for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.Existing methods for PSA detection are burdened with some limitations and require improvement.Herein,we developed a novel microfluidic–electrochemical(μFEC)detection system for PSA detection.First,we constructed an electrochemical biosensor based on screen-printed electrodes(SPEs)with modification of gold nanoflowers(Au NFs)and DNA tetrahedron structural probes(TSPs),which showed great detection performance.Second,we fabricated microfluidic chips by DNA TSP-Au NF-modified SPEs and a PDMS layer with designed dense meandering microchannels.Finally,theμFEC detection system was achieved based on microfluidic chips integrated with the liquid automatic conveying unit and electrochemical detection platform.TheμFEC system we developed acquired great detection performance for PSA detection in PBS solution.For PSA assays in spiked serum samples of theμFEC system,we obtained a linear dynamic range of 1–100 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.2 ng/mL and a total reaction time<25 min.Real serum samples of prostate cancer patients presented a strong correlation between the“gold-standard”chemiluminescence assays and theμFEC system.In terms of operation procedure,cost,and reaction time,our method was superior to the current methods for PSA detection and shows great potential for practical clinical application in the future. | Dezhi Feng Jing Su Yi Xu Guifang He Chenguang Wang Xiao Wang Tingrui Pan Xianting Ding Xianqiang Mi | 2021 | Microsystems & Nanoengineering2021，7，2： | 1 |
| 11 | A practical method of atmospheric correction of SeaWiFS imagery for turbid coastal and inland waters显示文摘 | Pan Delu | 2003 | Proceedings of SPIE2003，4892，： | 1 |
| 12 | Establishment of a hyperspectral evaluation model of ocean color satellite-measured reflectance显示文摘The accuracy of the satellite-measured reflectance is a key question for data processing and oceanographic applications.A hyperspectral satellite remote sensing reflectance evaluation model(HRSREM) was developed to evaluate the accuracy of the satellite measured reflectance.The model can compute the total reflectance at the top of the atmosphere(TOA) according to observation conditions of satellites,based on a radiative transfer model with the consideration of multiple scattering effects and atmospheric absorption effects.The performance of the HRSREM model was examined by Gordon's algorithms,showing that the relative errors of the Rayleigh scattering reflectance and the aerosol scattering reflectance are less than 2%.The model can also compute the sky reflectance which can be validated by in-situ measurements.The two sky reflectances match well with a spectral average error of 5.4%.The relative error of the total reflectance of the model,verified by sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor(SeaWiFS) data,is about 3.5%.Therefore,the total reflectances at TOA,computed by the model,can be taken as reference values to evaluate the accuracy of satellite reflectances.The model was used to evaluate the accuracy of the hypersptral satellite(Hyperion) remote sensing data.The Hyperion reflectance matches the total reflectance of HRSREM very well at visible and near-infrared bands with an average error of 7.3%,while the status of calibration coefficients at shortwave infrared bands are not stable with a large spectral average error of 63.5%.The reflectance evaluation of a moderate resolution imaging spectrometer(CMODIS) data indicated that relative errors are large,especially at near-infrared bands with relative errors more than 100%.The calibration coefficients of CMODIS,obtained from laboratory measurements,are not reliable.The CMODIS data should be recalibrated for oceanographic applications.The performance of the HRSREM model is effective in evaluating satellite data and its algorithms can be easily modified in order to evaluate the accuracy of other ocean color satellite sensors. | MAO ZhiHua CHEN JianYu HUANG HaiQing HE XianQiang GONG Fang | 2010 | Science China(Information Sciences)2010，53，9： | 1 |
| 13 | Retrieval of chlorophylla and suspended solid concentrations by hyperspectral remote sensing in Taihu Lake, China显示文摘 | Yang Dingtian Pan Delu Zhang Xiaoyu Zhang Xiaofeng He Xianqiang Li Shujing | | Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology0，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Numerical study of the influence of Donghai Bridge on sediment transport in the mouth of Han- gzhou Bay显示文摘 | Qiao Shuna Pan Delu He Xianqiang | 2011 | Procedia Environmental Sciences2011，10，： | 1 |
| 15 | Remote sensing of sea surface nutrient in the frontal zone of Changjiang diluted water and the Taiwan Warm Current显示文摘Field investigation was carried out during 4 to 15 April 2001 around the Changjiang River Estuary. The similar distribution of sea surface nutrients and suspended sediment (SS) concentration is attributed to the physical mixing of Changjiang diluted water (CDW) with the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC). On the basis of the observed positive relationship between total phosphorus (TP) and SS concentration, the sea surface TP is inversed from satellite SS data. SS is believed to be an ideal eutrophic state assessing index substitution for TP, the eutrophication classification critical value of SS adopted in this research was based on the linear model: cTP=0.000 6cSSsat+0.016 3, r2=0.564 5, n=32. Although lack of in-situ chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) measurement, a good relationship was observed between the in-situ DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen) concentration with near real time SeaWiFS absorption coefficient of CDOM (ACD) data: cDIN=1.406 5AACBsat-0.035 9,r2=0.741 5,n=16. This empirical regression algorithm was also utilized for inversing the DIN concentration from SeaWiFS ACD data, and for establishing the eutrophication classification critical value of satellite ACD data. The established remote eutrophication classification system was later used for seawater eutrophic state assessment. The evaluation suggested that the Zhoushan Fishing Ground especially the western border is affected seriously with the nutrient input. The nutrient is mainly from the terrestrial source transported by the Changjiang River runoff. The seawater quality classification precision was assessed by in-situ data, which suggested the seawater quality distribution is similar to the two classification systems, and the remote classification error is below 25%. | ZHANG Xiaoyu LIN Yi' an HE Xianqiang WANG Difeng GONG Fang ZHANG Wei | 2007 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2007，26，3： | 1 |
| 16 | The atmospheric correction algorithm for HY-1A/COCTS 显示文摘 | He Xianqiang Bai Yan Pan Delu | 2005 | SPIE2005，5977，59： | 1 |
| 17 | The First Chinese Ocean Color Satellite HY-1A显示文摘HY-1A is China's first ocean color satellite, and was launched on 15 May 2002as a piggyback satellite on the FY-1D satellite using the Long March rocket.There are two sensors on the satellite: China's Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (COCTS), and the CCD Coastal Zone Imager (CZI). In the report,first, the properties and characteristics of HY-1A are briefly introduced; Second, the quality and availability of the data are evaluated by the mean of the Complex Signal Noise Ratio (CSNR) which is simulated theoretically; Third,the received HY-1A data are compared with SeaSTAR data to understand the accuracy of radiance measurement by the HY-1A; Finally, the remote sensing products of ocean color and temperature are mapped by HY-1A to study its application potentiality. The results show that the HY-1A has a latent capability for the application of marine environment detection, the management and protection of marine resources, and the furthering of national rights and interests.Meanwhile, some modifications are proposed for the next ocean satellite, suchas adding the case of tilt scanning, modification of the CCD element uniformity,and adding more ocean satellite receiving stations. | PAN Delu HE Xianqiang | 2004 | 空间科学学报2004，24，z1： | 0 |
| 18 | Cloud Top Height Retrieval Using Polarizing Remote Sensing Data of POLDER显示文摘A retrieval method of cloud top heights using polarizing remote sensing is proposed in this paper. Using the vector radiative transfer model in a coupled atmosphere-ocean system, the factors influencing the upwelling linear polarizing radiance at top-of-atmosphere are analyzed, which show that the upwelling linear polarizing radiance varies remarkably with the cloud top height, but has negligible sensitivity with cloud albedo and aerosol scattering above the cloud layer. Based on this property, a cloud top height retrieval algorithm using polarizing remote sensing was developed. The algorithm has been applied to the polarizing remote sensing data of Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances-2 (POLDER-2). The retrieved cloud top height from POLDER-2 compares well with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) operational product with a bias of 0.83 km and standard deviation of 1.56 km. | HE Xianqiang BAI Yan PAN Delu ZHU Qiankun GONG Fang | 2009 | Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters2009，2，2： | 0 |
| 19 | Areas of the global major river plumes显示文摘River plumes are the regions where the most intense river-sea-land interaction occurs, and they are characterized by complex material transport and biogeochemical processes. However, due to their highly dynamic nature, global river plume areas have not yet been determined for use in synthetic studies of global oceanography. Based on global climatological monthly averaged salinity data from the NOAA World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09), and monthly averaged salinity contour maps of the East and South China Seas from the Chinese Marine Atlas, we extract the monthly plume areas of major global rivers using a geographic information system (GIS) technique. Only areas with salinities that are three salinity units lower than the average salinity in each ocean are counted. This conservative estimate shows that the minimum and maximum monthly values of the total plume area of the world's 19 largest rivers are 1.72 × 10 6 km 2 in May and 5.38 × 10 6 km 2 in August. The annual mean area of these river plumes (3.72 × 10 6 km 2 ) takes up approximately 14.2% of the total continental shelves area worldwide (26.15 × 10 6 km 2 ). This paper also presents river plume areas for different oceans and latitude zones, and analyzes seasonal variations of the plume areas and their relationships with river discharge. These statistics describing the major global river plume areas can now provide the basic data for the various flux calculations in the marginal seas, and therefore will be of useful for many oceanographic studies. | KANG Yan PAN Delu BAI Yan HE Xianqiang CHEN Xiaoyan CHEN Chen-Tung Arthur WANG Difeng | 2013 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2013，32，1： | 0 |
| 20 | The dynamic observation of dissolved organic matter in the Zhujiang(Pearl River)Estuary in China from space显示文摘The distributions of estuarine colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM)are the combined results of physicalbiogeochemical processes.Remote sensing is needed to monitor highly dynamically estuarine CDOM.Using in situ data from four seasonal cruises,an algorithm is developed to estimate CDOM absorption coefficient at 400nm(a_(CDOM)(400))in the Zhujiang(Pearl River)Estuary(ZJE).The algorithm uses band ratios of R_(rs)(667)/R_(rs)(443)and R_(rs)(748)/R_(rs)(412).By applying it to moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer onboard Aqua satellite(MODIS/Aqua)data from 2002 to 2014,seasonal climatology a_(CDOM)(400)in the ZJE is calculated.CDOM distributions are majorly influenced by water discharge from the Zhujiang River and underwater topography.Along the section vertical to a water depth gradient,the seasonal a_(CDOM)(400)exponentially decreased(y=aebx,b<0),but with great differences among seasons.Riverine fresh water is the primary source of CDOM in the ZJE.Fulvic acid fraction decreases with increasing salinity.Using developed algorithms,conservative CDOM mixing equation,and river discharge,effective riverine end-member concentration and flux of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in summer and winter from 2002 to 2014 are first estimated from the MODIS/Aqua data.Both effective riverine end-member DOC concentration and flux are positively related to the river discharge,significantly in summer with R^2 of 0.698 for concentration and 0.965 7 for flux. | LIU Dong BAI Yan HE Xianqiang PAN Delu WANG Difeng WEI Ji'an ZHANG Lin | 2018 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2018，37，7： | 0 |
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