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| 1 | Average slip-rate and recent large earthquake ruptures along the Garzê-Yushu fault显示文摘Our field investigation obtains new evidence of the later Quaternary activity and recent large earthquake ruptures of the Garzê-Yushu fault. The average left-lateral slip-rate along the fault is determined to be (12 ± 2) mm/a for the last 50000 years from both offset landforms and ages of the correlative sediments. This result is very close to the estimated average left-lateral slip-rate for the Xianshuihe fault, suggesting that the horizontal movement along the northern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan active tectonic block and the northeastern boundary of the Qiangtang active tectonic block has been basically harmonious during the later Quaternary period. Remains of ground ruptures of recent large earthquakes have been discovered along all 3 segments of the fault, of which, the 1896 rupture on the northwestern segment is at least 70 km long, and its corresponding earthquake could be of moment magnitude 7.3. The latest rupture on the middle segment of the fault has a length of about 180 km, and was produced by an unknown-age large earthquake that could have a moment magnitude of about 7.7. Along the southeastern segment of the fault, the latest unknown-age rupture is about 65 km long and has a maximum left-lateral coseismic displacement of 5.3 m, and its corresponding earthquake is estimated to be as large as about 7.3 of moment magnitude. Based on relevant investigation, an inference has been drawn that the later two large earthquakes probably occurred in 1854 and 1866, respectively. These demonstrate that the individual segments of the studied Garzê-Yushu fault are all able to produce large earthquakes. | WEN Xueze (闻学泽) XU Xiwei (徐锡伟) ZHENG Rongzhang (郑荣章) XIE Yingqing (谢英情) WAN Chuang (万 创) | 2003 | Science China Earth Sciences2003，46，z2： | 24 |
| 2 | Meningeal lymphatic vessels regulate brain tumor drainage and immunity显示文摘Recent studies have shown that meningeal lymphatic vessels(MLVs),which are located both dorsally and basally beneath the skull,provide a route for draining macromolecules and trafficking immune cells from the central nervous system(CNS)into cervical lymph nodes(CLNs),and thus represent a potential therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases.However,the roles of MLVs in brain tumor drainage and immunity remain unexplored.Here we show that dorsal MLVs undergo extensive remodeling in mice with intracranial gliomas or metastatic melanomas.RNA-seq analysis of MLV endothelial cells revealed changes in the gene sets involved in lymphatic remodeling,fluid drainage,as well as inflammatory and immunological responses.Disruption of dorsal MLVs alone impaired intratumor fluid drainage and the dissemination of brain tumor cells to deep CLNs(dCLNs).Notably,the dendritic cell(DC)trafficking from intracranial tumor tissues to dCLNs decreased in mice with defective dorsal MLVs,and increased in mice with enhanced dorsal meningeal lymphangiogenesis.Strikingly,disruption of dorsal MLVs alone,without affecting basal MLVs or nasal LVs,significantly reduced the efficacy of combined anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 checkpoint therapy in striatal tumor models.Furthermore,mice bearing tumors overexpressing VEGF-C displayed a better response to anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 combination therapy,and this was abolished by CCL21/CCR7 blockade,suggesting that VEGF-C potentiates checkpoint therapy via the CCL21/CCR7 pathway.Together,the results of our study not only demonstrate the functional aspects of MLVs as classic lymphatic vasculature,but also highlight that they are essential in generating an efficient immune response against brain tumors. | Xueting Hu Qiuping Deng Lu Ma Qingqing Li Yidong Chen Yuhan Liao Fan Zhou Chen Zhang Linlin Shao Jun Feng Tubao He Weihai Ning Yan Kong Yingqing Huo Aibin He Bing Liu Jingjing Zhang Ralf Adams Yulong He Fuchou Tang Xiuwu Bian Jincai Luo | 2020 | Cell Research2020，30，3： | 11 |
| 3 | Allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy exhibits promising clinical safety and prolongs the survival of patients with late-stage lung or liver cancer显示文摘Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are promising candidates for cellular tumor immunotherapy.Due to their HLA-independent mode of action,allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be considered for clinical application.To apply allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in adoptive immunotherapy,the methodology used to obtain adequate cell numbers with optimal effector function in vitro needs to be optimized,and clinical safety and efficacy also need to be proven.Therefore,we developed a novel formula to improve the expansion of peripheralγδT cells from healthy donors.Then,we used a humanized mouse model to validate the therapeutic efficacy of expandedγδT cells in vivo;furthermore,the expandedγδT cells were adoptively transferred into late-stage liver and lung cancer patients.We found that the expanded cells possessed significantly improved immune effector functions,including proliferation,differentiation,and cancer cell killing,both in vitro and in the humanized mouse model.Furthermore,a phase I clinical trial in 132 late-stage cancer patients with a total of 414 cell infusions unequivocally validated the clinical safety of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.Among these 132 patients,8 liver cancer patients and 10 lung cancer patients who received≥5 cell infusions showed greatly prolonged survival,which preliminarily verified the efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy.Our clinical studies underscore the safety and efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy,which will inspire further clinical investigations and eventually benefit cancer patients. | Yan Xu Zheng Xiang Mohammed Alnaggar Léonce Kouakanou Jiawei Li Junyi He Jiashuang Yang Yi Hu Yan Chen Li Lin Jianlei Hao Jingxia Li Jibing Chen Man Li Qingling Wu Christian Peters Qinghua Zhou Jianshuang Li Yingqing Liang Xiaohua Wang Baohui Han Meili Ma Dieter Kabelitz Kecheng Xu Wenwei Tu Yangzhe Wu Zhinan Yin | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，2： | 8 |
| 4 | Hypertensive stretch regulates endothelial exocytosis of WeibeI-Palade bodies through VEGF receptor 2 signaling pathways显示文摘Weibel-Palade 身体(WPB ) 的调整 endothelial exocytosis,在白血球 trafficking 的第一个阶段,在发炎和损害起一个枢轴的作用。尖锐的机械段仔细与脉管的发炎被联系了,尽管精确机制是未知的。这里,我们证明那高血压的段通过 VEGF 受体 2 调整 endothelial 房间(EC ) 的 WPB 的 exocytosis (VEGFR2 ) 表明小径。段触发一个快速的版本(在分钟以内) 从在有教养的人的 EC 的 WPB 的 von Willebrand 因素和 interleukin-8,通过 P-selectin 的 translocation 把在白血球和 EC 之间的相互作用提升到房间膜。我们进一步证明那高血压的段显著地导致未经触动的 EC 的 P-selectin translocation 并且两个都提高白血球粘附前 vivo 并且在 vivo。导致段的 endothelial exocytosis 经由 VEGFR2/PLCγ 被调停; 1/calcium 小径。有趣地,段也经由一条 VEGFR2/Akt/nitric 氧化物小径导致否定反馈。如此的双效果在颈动脉动脉片断,以及在尖锐高血压的老鼠模型用药理学和基因途径被证实。这些研究为 endothelial exocytosis 作为有势力收缩筋揭示机械段,它被 VEGFR2 发信号调制。因此, VEGFR2 发信号小径可以在限制高血压的段相关的发炎代表新奇治疗学的目标。 | Yan Xiong Zhenqian Hu Xiaofan Han Beibei Jiang Rongli Zhan Xiaoyu Zhang Yao Lu Chenyang Geng Wei Li Yulong He Yingqing Huo Masabuml Shlbuya Jincai Luo | 2013 | Cell Research2013，23，6： | 7 |
| 5 | Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide SS-31 mediates neuroprotection in a rat experimental glaucoma model显示文摘To investigate the neuroprotective effects of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Szeto-Schiller peptide 31 (SS-31) in a rat experimental glaucoma model, SS-31 was intraperitoneally (IP) injected into Sprague-Dawley rats, followed by intracameral injection of polystyrene microspheres to induce elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). After 6 weeks, electroretinography (ERG) and flash visual-evoked potentials (F-VEPs) were recorded to assess retinal function. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed on retinal cross-sections to measure ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness. Apoptotic retinal cells were assessed by TUNEL staining. Brn3a-positive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were counted in retinal flat mounts via immunofluorescence. The retinal total SOD, SOD2, and MDA expression levels were assessed in retinal tissue homogenates. The cyt c, Baxz and Bcl-2 protein levels in rat retinas were detected by western blot analysis. Bax and Bcl-2 expressions were also evaluated using immunohistochemistry in paraffinized sections. Our results showed that the rats that received microsphere injection developed elevated IOP. SS-31 ameliorated the reductions in the a- and b-wave amplitudes on ERG and the F-VEP amplitude in glaucomatous eyes. GCC thickness was preserved, TUNEL-positive cells were decreased in the retina, and Brn3a-positive RGCs were in creased in the SS-31-treated glaucoma group compared with those in the non-treated glaucoma group. SS-31 significantly reduced MDA levels and increased SOD2 levels after glaucoma induction. Significant suppression of cyt c release, upregulation of Bcl-2, and downregulation of Bax were observed following SS-31 administration. In summary, SS-31 exerts neuroprotective effects in this experimental glaucoma model by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and therefore represents a promising therapeutic agent for glaucoma. | Xiaoqiong Wu Yu Pang Zhilin Zhang Xiabin Li Chao Wang Yingqing Lei Ailing Li Ling Yu Jian Ye | 2019 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2019，51，4： | 7 |
| 6 | Review of some recent progress on materials science researches in China显示文摘New materials have become one of the most important and fastest-growing industries all over the world.Important progress in materials science and technology has produced profound influences on the national economy,daily life and national defense of our country.In this paper,we review the state of the art of materials science and technology in China,with emphasis on recent research focuses and advanced technology. | TANG Mei GUO YingQing YUAN Jie WEI Qin SUN ShuJun ZHOU Wei ZHANG Yue | 2012 | Science China Chemistry2012，55，12： | 5 |
| 7 | Design and simulation of ex-range gliding wing of high altitude air-launched autonomous underwater vehicles based on SIMULINK显示文摘High altitude air-launched autonomous underwater vehicle (AL-AUV) is a new anti-submarine field, which is designed on the Lockheed Martin's high altitude anti-submarine warfare weapons concept (HAAWC) and conducts the basic aerodynamic feasibility in a series of wind tunnel trials. The AL-AUV is composed of a traditional torpedo-like AUV, an additional ex-range gliding wings unit and a descending parachute unit. In order to accurately and conveniently investigate the dynamic and static characteristic of high altitude AL-AUV, a simulation platform is established based on MATLAB/SIMULINK and an AUV 6DOF (Degree of Freedom) dynamic model. Executing the simulation platform for different wing's parameters and initial fixing angle, a set of AUV gliding data is generated. Analyzing the recorded simulation result, the velocity and pitch characteristics of AL-AUV deployed at varying wing areas and initial setting angle, the optimal wing area is selected for specific AUV model. Then the comparative simulations of AL-AUV with the selected wings are completed, which simulate the AUV gliding through idealized windless air environment and gliding with Dryden wind influence. The result indicates that the method of wing design and simulation with the simulation platform based on SIMULINK is accurately effective and suitable to be widely employed. | Pan Changjun Guo Yingqing | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2013，26，2： | 4 |
| 8 | An overview on the designs of distributed observers in LTI multi-agent systems显示文摘With the rapid development of information technologies and cloud computing, sensor networks play an increasingly important role in our society. Over the past few decades, distributed observer theory has attracted unprecedented attention due to its wide potential applications in different areas. Meanwhile, various approaches and algorithms have been proposed and investigated. The design of distributed observers is one of the frontier topics of system and control research, which has the significant theoretical values and broad application prospects. This paper attempts to review the representative models and the corresponding approaches for distributed observer design in linear time-invariant(LTI) systems. Firstly, the research backgrounds and main advances of distributed observer designs are briefly reviewed. Then, recent results of distributed observer designs for discrete-time and continuous-time LTI multi-agent systems(MASs) are introduced in detail, respectively. Finally, the prospects and the future work directions of the design of distributed observers are put forward. The main purpose of this paper is to promote the emerging topic on the designs of distributed observers, with focuses on the interdisciplinary interest from technological sciences. | PEI YingQing GU HaiBo LIU KeXin LU JinHu | 2021 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2021，64，11： | 3 |
| 9 | Effects of the Nozzle Design on the Properties of Plasma Jet and Formation of YSZ Coatings under Low Pressure Conditions显示文摘How to control the quality of the coatings has become a major problem during the plasma spraying. Because nozzle contour has a great influence on the characteristic of the plasma jet, two kinds of plasma torches equipped with a standard cylindrical nozzle and a converging-diverging nozzle are designed for low pressure plasma spraying(LPPS) and very low pressure plasma spraying(VLPPS). Yttria stabilized zirconia(YSZ) coatings are obtained in the reducing pressure environment. The properties of the plasma jet without or with powder injection are analyzed by optical emission spectroscopy, and the electron temperature is calculated based on the ratio of the relative intensity of two ArⅠspectral lines. The results show that some of the YSZ powder can be vaporized in the low pressure enlarged plasma jet, and the long anode nozzle may improve the characteristics of the plasma jet. The coatings deposited by LPPS are mainly composed of the equiaxed grains and while the unmelted powder particles and large scalar pores appear in the coatings made by VLPPS. The long anode nozzle could improve the melting of the powders and deposition efficiency, and enhance the coatings' hardness. At the same time, the long anode nozzle could lead to a decrease in the overspray phenomenon. Through the comparison of the two different size's nozzle, the long anode is much more suitable for making the YSZ coatings. | SUN Chengqi GAO Yang YANG Deming FU Yingqing | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2016，29，5： | 3 |
| 10 | Meningeal lymphatics regulate radiotherapy efficacy through modulating anti-tumor immunity显示文摘As a first-line treatment,radiotherapy(RT)is known to modulate the immune microenvironment of glioma,but it is unknown whether the meningeal lymphatic vessel(MLV)-cervical lymph node(CLN)network regulates the process or influences RT efficacy.Here,we show that the MLV-CLN network contributes to RT efficacy in brain tumors and mediates the RT-modulated anti-tumor immunity that is enhanced by vascular endothelial growth factor C(VEGF-C).Meningeal lymphatic dysfunction impaired tumorderived dendritic cell(DC)trafficking and CD8^(+)T cell activation after RT,whereas tumors overexpressing VEGF-C with meningeal lymphatic expansion were highly sensitive to RT.Mechanistically,VEGF-C-driven modulation of RT-triggered anti-tumor immunity was attributed to C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 21(CCL21)-dependent DC trafficking and CD8^(+)T cell activation.Notably,delivery of VEGF-C mRNA significantly enhanced RT efficacy and anti-tumor immunity in brain tumors.These findings suggest an essential role of the MLV-CLN network in RT-triggered anti-tumor immunity,and highlight the potential of VEGF-C mRNA for brain tumor therapy. | Changping Zhou Lu Ma Han Xu Yingqing Huo Jincai Luo | 2022 | Cell Research2022，32，6： | 3 |
| 11 | Wetting transition energy curves for a droplet on a square-post patterned surface显示文摘Due to the property of water repellence, biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces have been widely applied to green technologies, in turn inducing wider and deeper investigations on superhydrophobic surfaces. Theoretical, experimental and numerical studies on wetting transitions have been carried out by researchers, but the mechanism of wetting transitions between Cassie-Baxter state and Wenzel state,which is crucial to develop a stable superhydrophobic surface, is still not fully understood. In this paper,the free energy curves based on the transition processes are presented and discussed in detail. The existence of energy barriers with or without consideration of the gravity effect, and the irreversibility of wetting transition are discussed based on the presented energy curves. The energy curves show that different routes of the Cassie-to-Wenzel transition and the reverse transition are the main reason for the irreversibility. Numerical simulations are implemented via a phase field lattice Boltzmann method of large density ratio, and the simulation results show good consistency with the theoretical analysis. | Wei Gong Yingqing Zu Sheng Chen Yuying Yan | 2017 | Science Bulletin2017，62，2： | 3 |
| 12 | Auxin response factor 6A regulates photosynthesis,sugar accumulation,and fruit development in tomato显示文摘Auxin response factors(ARFs)are involved in auxin-mediated transcriptional regulation in plants.In this study,we performed functional characterization of SlARF6A in tomato.SlARF6A is located in the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activator activity.Overexpression of SlARF6A increased chlorophyll contents in the fruits and leaves of tomato plants,whereas downregulation of SlARF6A decreased chlorophyll contents compared with those of wild-type(WT)plants.Analysis of chloroplasts using transmission electron microscopy indicated increased sizes of chloroplasts in SlARF6A-overexpressing plants and decreased numbers of chloroplasts in SlARF6A-downregulated plants.Overexpression of SlARF6A increased the photosynthesis rate and accumulation of starch and soluble sugars,whereas knockdown of SlARF6A resulted in opposite phenotypes in tomato leaves and fruits.RNA-sequence analysis showed that regulation of SlARF6A expression altered the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism,photosynthesis and sugar metabolism.SlARF6A directly bound to the promoters of SlGLK1,CAB,and RbcS genes and positively regulated the expression of these genes.Overexpression of SlARF6A also inhibited fruit ripening and ethylene production,whereas downregulation of SlARF6A increased fruit ripening and ethylene production.SlARF6A directly bound to the SAMS1 promoter and negatively regulated SAMS1 expression.Taken together,these results expand our understanding of ARFs with regard to photosynthesis,sugar accumulation and fruit development and provide a potential target for genetic engineering to improve fruit nutrition in horticulture crops. | Yujin Yuan Xin Xu Zehao Gong Yuwei Tang Mengbo Wu Fang Yan Xiaolan Zhang Qian Zhang Fengqing Yang Xiaowei Hu Qichen Yang Yingqing Luo Lihua Mei Wenfa Zhang Cai-Zhong Jiang Wangjin Lu Zhengguo Li Wei Deng | 2019 | Horticulture Research2019，6，1： | 3 |
| 13 | Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model identification for turbofan aero-engines with guaranteed stability显示文摘This paper is concerned with identifying a Takagi-Sugeno(TS) fuzzy model for turbofan aero-engines working under the maximum power status(non-afterburning). To establish the fuzzy system, theoretical contributions are made as follows. First, by fixing antecedent parameters, the estimation of consequent parameters in state-space representations is formulated as minimizing a quadratic cost function. Second, to avoid obtaining unstable identified models, a new theorem is proposed to transform the prior-knowledge of stability into constraints. Then based on the aforementioned work, the identification problem is synthesized as a constrained quadratic optimization.By solving the constrained optimization, a TS fuzzy system is identified with guaranteed stability.Finally, the proposed method is applied to the turbofan aero-engine using simulation data generated from an aerothermodynamics component-level model. Results show the identified fuzzy model achieves a high fitting accuracy while stabilities of the overall fuzzy system and all its local models are also guaranteed. | Ruichao LI Yingqing GUO Sing Kiong NGUANG Yifeng CHEN | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2018，31，6： | 2 |
| 14 | Endothelial mechanosensors: the gatekeepers of vascular homeostasis and adaptation under mechanical stress显示文摘Endothelial cells(ECs)not only serve as a barrier between blood and extravascular space to modulate the exchange of fluid,macromolecules and cells,but also play a critical role in regulation of vascular homeostasis and adaptation under mechanical stimulus via intrinsic mechanotransduction.Recently,with the dissection of microdomains responsible for cellular responsiveness to mechanical stimulus,a lot of mechanosensing molecules(mechanosensors)and pathways have been identified in ECs.In addition,there is growing evidence that endothelial mechanosensors not only serve as key vascular gatekeepers,but also contribute to the pathogenesis of various vascular disorders.This review focuses on recent findings in endothelial mechanosensors in subcellular microdomains and their roles in regulation of physiological and pathological functions under mechanical stress. | DENG QiuPing HUO YingQing LUO JinCai | 2014 | Science China(Life Sciences)2014，57，8： | 2 |
| 15 | 用Lattice Boltzmann方法模拟1/4圆腔内的定常层流运动显示文摘分析格子Boltzmann方法中二阶精度的曲线边界处理方法.应用格子Boltzmann方法及其边界处理方法模拟1/4圆腔内的定常层流运动,引入流线图和等涡线图分析流场随如数的变化.并且发现当Re数在10~100区间内变化时,随着Re数的增大,顺时针旋转流场的涡心位置偏离X轴的角度逐渐减小,而逆时针旋转流场的涡心位置偏离X轴的角度却越来越大. | 施卫平 Zu Yingqing Yan Yuying | 2008 | 计算物理2008，25，1： | 2 |
| 16 | Sound-based remote sensing of terrestrial animals: localization and error analysis显示文摘声音遥感技术可以极大地提高人们对动物的监测、研究和保护能力。本研究设计了一套廉价的陆生动物声音定位系统。该系统集成了市场上现成的录音笔和无线控制设备,价格明显低于许多动物定位系统。使用自主研发的声音定位软件,在X、Y方向上的绝对定位误差最大为1.69m,可满足大部分动物定位需求;Z方向的定位误差偏大,结果尚不理想。为了揭示影响声音定位系统精度的各种因素及其影响,采用蒙特卡罗方法进行分析,发现录音站点的位置测量误差、到达时间差的估计误差和声速的估计误差均会影响最终的声音定位精度。此外,该方法还可用于在声音定位系统布设阶段确定系统参数的合理数值,包括录音节点总个数和空间尺度。 | SHENShaoqing GoNGPeng CHENGXiao YINGQing | 2011 | 遥感学报2011，15，6： | 2 |
| 17 | Research on the Angular Glint of Targets in the Near-Zone显示文摘This paper presents a method to analyze and calculate the angular glint of targets. By parting the target to very small size cells,using high-frequency approximation,the near-field radar cross section (RCS) is calculated based on the scattering from complex targets and environments (SCTE) system,and the angular glint is calculated by the phase grads. The results show that the angular glint can be calculated exactly in the SCTE system,and this method is correct and efficient. In the near-zone,the far-field theory is not applicable and the angular glint should be calculated by the near-field theory. | XIA Yingqing TIAN Huamei DUAN Zhiguo WU Ling XU Penggen | 2007 | Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences2007，12，3： | 2 |
| 18 | Sorption of chlorophenols onto fruit cuticles and potato periderm显示文摘To better understand the interaction mechanisms of plant surfaces with polar organic compounds,sorption of 4-chlorophenol,2,4dichlorophenol,and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by fruit cuticles(i.e.,tomato,apple,and pepper),and potato tuber periderm were investigated.The roles of cuticular components(waxes,cutin,cutan and sugar) on sorption of chlorophenols are quantitatively compared.Cutin and waxes govern the sorption capacity of bulk apple cuticle by hydrophobic interactions.Potato periderm with highest sugar content exhibits the lowest sorption capability for the chlorophenols.With the increase of hydrophobicity(i.e.,K ow) of sorbate,the relative contribution of lipophilic components(wax,cutin and cutan) on total sorption increases,however,the ratios of K oc to K ow decreases due to increasing ionization degree of sorbates. | Yungui Li Yingqing Deng Baoliang Chen | 2012 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2012，24，4： | 2 |
| 19 | Oxygen Electrocatalysis on Mixed-Metal Oxides/Oxyhydroxides:From Fundamentals to Membrane Electrolyzer Technology显示文摘CONSPECTUS:Catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is important for key energy-storage technologies,particularly water electrolysis and photoelectrolysis for hydrogen fuel production.Under neutral-to-alkaline conditions,first-row transitionmetal oxides/(oxy)hydroxides are the fastest-known OER catalysts and have been the subject of intense study for the past decade.Critical to their high performance is the intentional or accidental addition of Fe to Ni/Co oxides that convert to layered(oxy)hydroxide structures during the OER.Unraveling the role that Fe plays in the catalysis and the molecular identity of the true“active site”has proved challenging,however,due to the dynamics of the host structure and absorbed Fe sites as well as the diversity of local structures in these disordered active phases.In this Account,we highlight our work to understand the role of Fe in Ni/Co(oxy)hydroxide OER catalysts.We first discuss how we characterize the intrinsic activity of the first-row transition-metal(oxy)hydroxide catalysts as thin films by accounting for the contributions of the catalyst-layer thickness(mass loading)and electrical conductivity as well as the underlying substrate’s chemical interactions with the catalyst and the presence of Fe species in the electrolyte.We show how Fe-doped Ni/Co(oxy)hydroxides restructure during catalysis,absorb/desorb Fe,and in some cases degrade or regenerate their activity during electrochemical testing.We highlight the relevant techniques and procedures that allowed us to better understand the role of Fe in activating other first-row transition metals for OER.We find several modes of Fe incorporation in Ni/Co(oxy)hydroxides and show how those modes correlate with activity and durability.We also discuss how this understanding informs the incorporation of earthabundant transition-metal OER catalysts in anion-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWE)that provide a locally basic anode environment but run on pure water and have advantages over the more-developed proton-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers(PEMWE)that use platinum-group-metal(PGM)catalysts.We outline the key issues of introducing Fe-doped Ni/Co(oxy)hydroxide catalysts at the anode of the AEMWE,such as the oxidative processes triggered by Fe species traveling through the polymer membrane,pH-gradient effects on the catalyst stability,and possibly limited catalyst utilization in the compressed stack configuration.We also suggest possible mitigation strategies for these issues.Finally,we summarize remaining challenges including the long-term stability of Fe-doped Ni/Co(oxy)hydroxides under OER conditions and the lack of accurate models of the dynamic active surface that hinder our understanding of,and thus ability to design,these catalysts. | Raina A.Krivina Yingqing Ou Qiucheng Xu Liam P.Twight T.Nathan Stovall Shannon W.Boettcher | 2021 | Accounts of Materials Research2021，2，7： | 2 |
| 20 | Carbon monoxide decreases interleukin-1β levels in the lung through the induction of pyrin显示文摘碳一氧化物(公司) 能在肺损害和疾病的老鼠模型充当一个反煽动性的受动器,通过支持 inflammatory cytokines 生产的 downregulation,尽管内在的机制仍然保持不清楚。核苷酸绑定 oligomerization 领域 -- ,充满白氨酸的区域 -- ,并且 pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3 ) inflammasome 是调整支持 inflammatory cytokines 的成熟和分泌物的蛋白质建筑群,包括 interleukin-1 (IL-1 ) 。在这份报告,我们证明共同释放的分子(CORM-2 ) 能刺激 pyrin 的表示, NLRP3 inflammasome 的一个否定管理者。CORM-2 在 lipopolysaccharide (LPS ) 的缺席和存在在人的白血病的房间线(THP-1 ) 增加了 pyrin 的抄写。在 THP-1 房间, CORM-2 处理 dose-dependently 减少了 caspase-1 和 IL-1 的分泌物的激活,并且增加了 IL-10 的层次,响应 LPS 和腺苷 5-triphosphate (ATP ) ,一个 NLRP3 inflammasome 激活模型。由小介入 RNA (siRNA ) 的 IL-10 的基因干扰在禁止 IL-1 生产并且在导致 pyrin 表示减少了 CORM-2 的有效性。由 siRNA 的 pyrin 的基因干扰响应 LPS 和 ATP 增加了 IL-1 生产,并且颠倒了 caspase-1 激活的 CORM-2-dependent 抑制。在 vivo 的公司吸入(250 ppm ) 在肺和怒气增加了 pyrin 和 IL-10 的表示,并且减少 IL-1 的层次由 LPS 导致了。与 pyrin 和 IL-10 的正式就职一致,并且肺 IL-1 生产的 downregulation,公司在 intranasal LPS 管理导致的尖锐的肺损害的一个模型提供了保护。这些结果提供位于公司的反煽动性的效果下面的新奇机制,包含 pyrin 表示的 IL-10-dependent upregulation。 | Seul-Ki Kim Yeonsoo Joe Yingqing Chen Jinhyun Ryu Jeong-Hee Lee Gyeong Jae Cho Stefan W. Ryter Hun Taeg Chung | 2017 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2017，14，4： | 2 |
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