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| 1 | A new way to generate seismic waves for continental crustal exploration显示文摘An airgun experiment was conducted in a reservoir,with the total volume of the airgun array being 6000 cubic inch. The energy released by one excitation was estimated to be 6.68×106 J,which corresponded to a 3.4 kg TNT explosion. A 180 km long profile composed of 100 portable short period seismometers was deployed as a receiver system of the airgun signals. Two remarkable results can be drawn from the experiment: (1) the airgun explosion is harmless to the dam and the fish,and this kind of airguns can be regarded as a green and environmental protection seismic source on land; (2) seismic wave gener-ated by this airgun source can be recorded by permanent stations with offset larger than 200 km. And the wave amplitudes recorded by nearby and remote stations are equivalent to the wave generated by 800 kg dynamite explosion. The airguns can be used as a light to illuminate the continental crustal structure of an area of about 100000 km2. | CHEN Yong ZHANG XianKang QIU XueLin GE HongKui LIU BaoJin WANG BaoShan | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，16： | 24 |
| 2 | Three-dimensional crustal velocity structure model of the middle-eastern north China Craton (HBCrust1.0)显示文摘Lithosphere thinning and destruction in the middle-eastern North China Craton(NCC), a region susceptible to strong earthquakes, is one of the research hotspots in solid earth science. All 42 seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction profiles have been completed in the middle-eastern NCC. We collect all the 2-D profiling results and perform gridding of the velocity and interface depth data, building a 3-D crustal velocity structure model for the middle-eastern NCC, named HBCrust1.0, by using the Kriging interpolation method. Our result shows that the first-arrival times calculated by HBCust1.0 fit well with the observations. The result demonstrates that the upper crust is the main seismogenic layer, and the brittle-ductile transition occurs at depths near interface C(the interface between upper and lower crust). The depth of interface Moho varies beneath the source area of the Tangshan earthquake, and a low-velocity structure is found to extend from the source area to the lower crust. Based on these observations, it can be inferred that stress accumulation responsible for the Tangshan earthquake may have been closely related to the migration and deformation of the mantle materials. Comparisons of the average velocities of the whole crust, the upper and the lower crust show that the average velocity of the lower crust under the central part of the North China Basin(NCB) in the east of the craton is obviously higher than the regional average. This high-velocity probably results from long-term underplating of the mantle magma. | DUAN YongHong WANG FuYun ZHANG XianKang LIN JiYan LIU Zhi LIU BaoFeng YANG ZhuoXin GUO WenBin WEI YunHao | 2016 | Science China Earth Sciences2016，59，7： | 24 |
| 3 | Deep seismic sounding data reveal the crustal structures beneath Zoigê basin and its surrounding folded orogenic belts显示文摘Songpan-Garze massif is located at the turning position of tectonics from the nearly west-east direction to the nearly north-south direction in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau,with Zoigê basin in the centre of the massif.In this paper,we build a crustal structure model of Zoigê basin and its surrounding folded orogenic belts using the deep seismic sounding data in this region.We also discuss structures and properties of the basement in Zoigê basin,tectonic relations between Zoigê upland basin and its surrounding folded orogenic belts,crustal deformation and thickening in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau,and decoupling and relaxing processes in the crust.The results indicate that a special 'Mesozoic basement' is formed of Triassic rocks with high density (2.65-2.75 g/cm3) and high velocity (5.6 km/s) in Zoigê basin.Songpan-Garze tectonic massif was transformed into two types of tectonic units with different crustal structures,i.e.,relatively stable Zoigê upland basin and active folded orogenic belts around the basin,in the course of the crustal material of Tibetan Plateau flowing eastward and obstructed by surrounding stable blocks.The thickening of the crust in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau mainly occurred in the mid and lower crust,and the structure characterized by low velocities and multiple reflectors obviously appears in the folded orogenic belts around Zoigê basin.It implies that the mid and lower crust underwent a strong tectonic deformation in the folded orogenic areas.The thickness of the crust is about 50 km in Zoigê basin and the folded orogenic belts at the both southern and northern sides of Zoigê basin.The 'Mountain root' cannot be identified.It is inferred that during the later orogenic period the eastwards flowing deep materials moved clockwise along the relatively relaxing southern side around the eastern tectonic knot under the obstructing of surrounding rigid massifs,and it resulted in the strong stretching action of the folded orogenic belts around Zoigê basin. | JIA ShiXu,ZHANG XianKang,ZHAO JinRen,WANG FuYun,ZHANG ChengKe,XU ZhaoFan,PAN JiShun,LIU Zhi,PAN SuZhen & SUN GuoWei Geophysical Exploration Center,China Earthquake Administration,Zhengzhou 450002,China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，2： | 11 |
| 4 | North China sub-craton lithospheric structure elucidated through coal mine blasting显示文摘We present a super-range seismic observation along the >1300-km-long profile passing through the Yinchuan basin and the Ordos block from the blasting point towards the southeast triggered by a large-(dynamite) scale coal blast in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region's Helan Mountain (yielded a profile). The seismic wave information from the uppermost mantle reflecting different depths was obtained by the China continental seismic survey. Pn refracted waves from the uppermost mantle were effectively traced up to 500 km and beyond. The stable dynamic and kinematic characteristics of the Pn wave-group indicate that the uppermost mantle below the Ordos block is a gently changing structure with a weak positive gradient. If Pm1, Pm2 waves are considered as the wave groups from the upper mantle, there may be distinct structural strata in the upper-mantle structures with average velocities of 7.70―7.80 km/s and 8.10―8.20 km/s, respectively. Based on the travel-time curve feature of Pm1, Pm2 waves, there may be a certain layer with a reverse velocity between the M1 and M2 interfaces. The depth range indicated by them is about 110―120 km and 200―220 km. These phenomena basically reflect the structural features of the upper-mantle lithosphere in this region. The information obtained may provide meaningful references for surveying North China craton lithospheric structures, as well as under-standing the shapes and structures of different spherical layers within the upper-mantle. | ZHAO JinRen ZHANG XianKang WANG FuYun ZHANG ChengKe ZHANG JianShi LIU BaoFeng PAN SuZhen | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，4： | 7 |
| 5 | Exploration and Research of Deep Crustal Structures in the Zhangzhou Basin and Its Vicinity显示文摘The Zhangzhou basin is located at the middle section of the southeast coast seismic zone of the mainland of China. Using high-resolution refraction and wide-angle reflection/refraction seismic profiling of Zhangzhou basin and its vicinity, we have obtained the crustal geometric structure and velocity structure as well as the geometric configuration and structural relationship between the deep and shallow fractures.The results show that the crust in the region is divided into the upper crust and lower crust. The thickness of the upper crust is 16.5km~18.8km, and that of the lower crust is 12.0km~13.0km. The upper crust is further divided into an upper and lower section. In the lower section of the upper crust, there is a low-velocity layer with a velocity of about 6.00km/s; the depth of the top surface of the low-velocity layer is about 12.0km, and the thickness is about 5.0km. The lower crust is also divided into an upper and lower section. The depth of Moho is 29.0km~31.8km. There are 6 normal faults in the shallow crust in this region, and most of them extend downwards to a depth of less than 4km, the maximum depth is about 5km.Below the shallow normal faults, there is a conjectural high-dip angle deep fault zone. The fault zone extends downwards till the Moho and upwards into the low-velocity layer in lower section of the upper crust. The deep and shallow faults are not tectonically connected. The combination character of deep and shallow structures in the Zhangzhou basin indicates that the Jiulongjiang fault zone is a deep fault zone with distinct characteristics and a complex deep and shallow structure background. The acquisition of deep seismic exploration results obviously enhanced the reliability of explanation of deep-structural data and the exploration precision of the region. The combination of deep and shallow structures resulted in uniform explanation results. The delamination of the crust and the characteristic of the structures are more precise and explicit. We discovered for the first time the combination characteristics of extensional structures and listric faults in the upper crust. This is not only helpful to the integrative judgment of earthquake risk in Zhangzhou and its vicinity, but also of importance for deepening the knowledge of deep dynamic processes in the southeast coast seismic zone. | Zhu Jinfang Fang Shengming Zhang Xiankang Qu Guosheng Huang Zonglin Zhang Chengke Zhao Jinren | 2006 | Earthquake Research in China2006，20，4： | 2 |
| 6 | The corrosion of tin under thin electrolyte layers containing chloride显示文摘 | Xiankang Zhong Guoan Zhang Yubin Qiu Zhenyu Chen Xingpeng Guo Chaoyang Fu | 2013 | Corrosion Science2013，，： | 2 |
| 7 | A Preliminary Interpretation of Near-field Observation Data of the Zhangbei Earthquake显示文摘In this paper, a preliminary data processing was made for tbe aftershock records or theZhangbei M6.2 earthquake on Jan. 10, 1998. The hypocenters of 205 earthquakes with M_L≥0.5 were located. The result shows that most aftershockS were concentrated in a more than10 km long and 5~8 km wide NE-trending beIt. The source mechanism solutions of largeraftersbocks were also calculated, from which it can be inferred that the faulted zone of themain shock is an NE-trending fault. Furthermore, the spectral analysis of P waves was made.The corner frequency is about 10 Hz. | Shi Jinhu, Lai Xiaoling, Duan Yonghong, Li Songlin, Zhang Xiankang, Song Zhanlong and Yang JianGeophysical Prospecting Center, China Seismological Bureau, Zhengzhou 450002, China | 2000 | Earthquake Research in China2000，14，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Interpretation of S-Wave Data from Fanshi-Taipusiqi DSS Profile and Analysis of Correlation between Deep Structural Characteristics and Seismicity显示文摘By processing S-wave data from the Fanshi-Huai’an-Taipusiqi DSS profile,which is a three-component,wide-angle reflection/refraction profile,and in the light of the results from P-wave interpretation,two-dimensional(2-D)structures of the crust and upper mantle are presented,including S-wave velocity Vs and the physical parameter of medium-Poisson’s ratio a.Taking other geological and geophysical information into account,and with reference to the results from petrophysical experiments at home and abroad,we carried out interpretation and inference with respect to deep crustal structure,tectonics,and lithologic characters.It has been concluded that in the upper and middle crust,a values are mostly not greater than 0.25,and rocks,which generally assume brittle,are mainly composed of granite; the rocks in the lower layer of the upper crust between Yangyuan-Huai’an containing inorganic CO2 itself releases carbon; for the rocks in the lower crust and crust-mantle transitional zone,which are comparatively | Zhou Xuesong,Song Songyan,Zhang Xiankang,Qiu Shuyan,Gong Yi,and Song JianliResearch Center of Exploration Geophysics,SSB,Zhengzhou 450003,China | 1998 | Earthquake Research in China1998，12，1： | 1 |
| 9 | The Crust-Mantle Structure in Zhangbei-Shangyi Earthquake Area显示文摘The seismic data obtained from the wide angle reflection and refraction profiles that pass through Zhangjiakou area of Hebei Province were interpreted. Some conclusions drawn from the result are as follows: (1) The nearly EW-trending Zhangbei-Chongli crustal fault zone and WNW-trending Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea deep crustal fault zone meet in the Zhangbei earthquake (Ms = 6.2) area; (2) At the intersection, the two deep crustal fault zones that stretch to the Moho and the discontinuities of interfaces within the crust form the path for large area basalt eruption in Hannuoba; (3) In the earthquake area, the local velocity reversal in the middle-upper crust and abnormal low velocity zone in the lower crust imply that the magmatic activity there is still fairly violent; and (4) The recent activity of Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea deep crustal fault zone may be the main cause of the Zhangbei earthquake. | Zhu Zhiping, Zhang Jianshi, Zhang Xiankang, Zhang Chengke, Liu Mingqing, and Nie WenyingResearch Center of Exploration Geophysics, CSB, Zhengzhou 450002, China | 1999 | Earthquake Research in China1999，13，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Crustal structure across the Altyn Tagh range at the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau and tectonic implications显示文摘 | ZHAO Junmeng WALTER D M ZHANG Xiankang | 2006 | Earth and Planetary Science Letters2006，241，： | 1 |
| 11 | Study on Crustal Structure in Haiyuan Strong Earthquake Region显示文摘The crust/upper-mantle velocity structure and deep tectonic features are obtained in Haiyuan M = 8. 5 earthquake region from data processing of Xiji-Zhongwei deep seismic sounding (DSS) profile. The result shows that there is a great difference between the velocity structures on the two sides of the epicenter. The crust consists of alternative high and low velocity layers on the southern side while on the northern side it consists of a series of layers with positive velocity gradient. There exists a deep fault cutting Moho or an anomalous deep structural zone in the epicentral region. | Li Songlin,Zhang Xiankang,Zhang Chengke,Ren Qingfang,Shi Jinhu,Zhao Jinren,Fang Shengming,Liu Baofeng,Pan Suzhen, and Zhang Jianshi Research Center of Exploration Geophysics, CSB, Zhengzhou 450002 , China | 2001 | Earthquake Research in China2001，15，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Exploration and Study on Deep Crust Structural Characteristics in the Jiashi-Artux Seismic Region显示文摘The data from two deep seismic sounding profiles was processed and studied comprehensively. The results show that crust_mantle structures in the investigated region obviously display layered characteristics and velocity structures and tectonic features have larger distinction in different geological structure blocks. The boundary interface C between the upper and lower crust and Moho fluctuate greatly. The shallowest depths of C (30 0km) and Moho (45 5km) under Jiashi deepen sharply from Jiashi to the western Kunlun mountain areas, where the depths of C and Moho are 44 0km and 70 0km, respectively. The higher velocity structures in the Tarim massif determine its relatively “stable” characteristics in crust tectonics. The phenomenon in the Jiashi region, where the distribution of earthquake foci mostly range from 20km to 40km in depth, may infer that the local uplift of C and Moho interface, anomalously lower velocity bodies and deep large faults control earthquake occurrence and seismogenic processes in the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm. | Zhao Jinren, Zhang Xiankang, Zhang Chengke, Ren Qingfang, Cheng Shuangxi, Zhang Jianshi, Nie Wenying anf Pan ShuzhenResearch Center of Exploration Geophysics, China Seismological Bureau, Zhengzhou 450002, China | 2003 | Earthquake Research in China2003，17，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Photon-counting distributed free-space spectroscopy显示文摘Spectroscopy is a well-established nonintrusive tool that has played an important role in identifying and quantifying substances,from quantum descriptions to chemical and biomedical diagnostics.Challenges exist in accurate spectrum analysis in free space,which hinders us from understanding the composition of multiple gases and the chemical processes in the atmosphere.A photon-counting distributed free-space spectroscopy is proposed and demonstrated using lidar technique,incorporating a comb-referenced frequency-scanning laser and a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector.It is suitable for remote spectrum analysis with a range resolution over a wide band.As an example,a continuous field experiment is carried out over 72 h to obtain the spectra of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and semi-heavy water(HDO,isotopic water vapor)in 6 km,with a range resolution of 60 m and a time resolution of 10 min.Compared to the methods that obtain only column-integrated spectra over kilometer-scale,the range resolution is improved by 2-3 orders of magnitude in this work.The CO_(2)and HDO concentrations are retrieved from the spectra acquired with uncertainties as low as±1.2%and±14.3%,respectively.This method holds much promise for increasing knowledge of atmospheric environment and chemistry researches,especially in terms of the evolution of complex molecular spectra in open areas. | Saifen Yu Zhen Zhang Haiyun Xia Xiankang Dou Tengfei Wu Yihua Hu Manyi Li Mingjia Shangguan Tianwen Wei Lijie Zhao Lu Wang Pu Jiang Chengjun Zhang Lixing You Leigang Tao Jiawei Qiu | 2021 | Light(Science & Applications)2021，10，11： | 1 |
| 14 | Crustal velocity structures and their tectonic implications in different tectonic block regions of the Chinese mainland显示文摘In this paper,the typical velocity structures and average velocities of the crust in six different active tectonic block regions are presented on the basis of previous studies and their tectonic implications are discussed. The results show that different tectonic units have different features of crustal velocity structures. In general,there are low velocity distributions in the crust in regions with strong tectonic activities,and the scales of low velocity distributions are related to the tectonic activities. The average velocities are relatively low in such regions. This reflects strong crustal deformation and the variations of states of matter in the crust resulting from strong tectonic movements. These regions are also seismically active zones frequented by strong earthquakes. Therefore,studying crustal velocity structures of these regions is of great importance to understanding crustal geodynamic process and seismogenic tectonic background. | Xiankang Zhang Yonghong Duan Jinren Zhao Chengke Zhang Shixu Jia Jianshi Zhang Fuyun Wang Zhuoxin Yang Suzhen Pan | 2009 | Earthquake Science2009，22，4： | 0 |
| 15 | Crustal structure of northeastern Tibetan plateau and Ordos block:Waveform interpretation of the Maqen-Jingbian seismic refraction profile显示文摘The Maqen-Jingbian wide-angle seismic reflection and refraction experiment was carried out in 1998,which aims at determining detailed structure in the crust and top of the upper mantle and understanding structural relation between the northeastern Tibetan plateau and the Ordos block. The 1-D crustal models inferred by waveform inversion show strong variations in crustal structure,which can be classified into four different types:1 an Ordos platform with the Proterozoic crust and two high-velocity layers in the northeast section,2 a transitional crust between the northeastern Tibetan plateau and the Ordos block across the Haiyuan earthquake zone,3 the Qilian orogenic zone in the central part,and 4 the Qinling orogenic zone in the southwestern section. The Moho depth increases from ~42 km to ~62 km from the NE part to the SW part of the profile. The crystalline crust consists of the upper crust and lower crust in northeastern Tibetan plateau. There is an obviously low P-wave velocity layer dipping northeastward,which is 12-13 km thick,at the bottom of the upper crust in Qinling orogenic zone and Haiyuan earthquake zone. The lower crust is characterized by alternating high and low P-wave velocity layers. Beneath Ordos block,i.e.,the NE part of the profile,the crust shows quite a smooth increase in P-wave ve-locity down to the Moho at a depth of about 42 km. | Fuyun Wang Hong Shang Xiankang Zhang | 2009 | Earthquake Science2009，22，4： | 0 |
| 16 | Advances in the Researches of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere in China in 2012–2014显示文摘In this report we summarize the research results by Chinese scientists in 2012–2014. The focuses are placed on the researches of the middle and upper atmosphere, specifically the researches related to ground-based observation capability development, dynamical processes, the property of circulation and chemistry-climate coupling of the middle atmospheric layers. | CHEN Zeyu CHEN Hongbin XU Jiyao BIAN Jianchun QIE Xiushu Lü Daren CHEN Wen REN Rongcai ZHANG Shaodong DOU Xiankang LI Tao HU Xiong HU Yongyun TIAN Wenshou | 2014 | 空间科学学报2014，34，5： | 0 |
| 17 | The Crust-mantle Structure and Seismic Risk in Tangyin Graben and Its Adjacent Area显示文摘1-D and 2-D calculation and interpretation are carried out with the DSS data from the western section of Heze-Changzhi profile and the southern section of Zhengzhou-Jinan profile. 2-D velocity structure is determined in Tangyin graben and its adjacent area. The result shows that velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle is obviously different in vertical and lateral directions. Crustal thickness varies apparently in this area, and there are local low velocity blocks in the interior crust. The swelling M-discontinuity corresponds to Tangyin graben and Moho depth at the highest swelling position is 31 km. Toward the east, its depth gradually increases to 32 km in Xunxian swelling; toward the west, M-discontinuity becomes a steep zone at the piedmont uplift of Taihang Mountain and reaches 40 km at depth near Changzhi. Through analyzing the relationship between historical earthquakes and deep structure in North China, we infer that seismic risk exists in Tangyin graben and its adjacent area. | Ren Qingfang, Zhang Xiankang, Zhang Chengke, Zhao Jinren, and Zhou Xuesong Research Center of Exploration Geophysics, CSB, Zhengzhou 450002, China | 1998 | Earthquake Research in China1998，12，4： | 0 |
| 18 | Advances in the Researches of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere in China in 2014-2016显示文摘In this report the research results by Chinese scientists in 2014—2016 are summarized.The focuses are placed on the researches of the middle and upper atmosphere,specifically the researches associated with ground-based observation capabihty development,dynamical processes,and properties of circulation and chemistry-climate coupling of the middle atmospheric layers. | CHEN Zeyu XU Jiyao HU Xiong CHEN Hongbin CHEN Wen WEI Ke BIAN Jianchun TIAN Wenshou ZHANG Shaodong REN Rongcai DOU Xiankang | 2016 | 空间科学学报2016，36，5： | 0 |
| 19 | A novel strain of Levilactobacillus brevis PDD-5 isolated from salty vegetables has beneficial effects on hyperuricemia through anti-inflammation and improvement of kidney damage显示文摘Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder caused by abnormal purine metabolism,resulting in abnormally high serum uric acid.In this study,a novel Levilactobacillus brevis PDD-5 isolated from salty vegetables was verified with the function of alleviating hyperuricemia.The relevant effects of L.brevis PDD-5 in lowering uric acid were analyzed by in vitro and in vivo experiments.The results showed that the L.brevis PDD-5 has(68.86±15.46)%of inosine uptake capacity and(95.75±3.30)%of guanosine uptake capacity in vitro.Oral administration of L.brevis PDD-5 to hyperuricemia rats reduced uric acid,creatinine,and urea nitrogen in serum,as well as decreased inosine and guanosine levels in the intestinal contents of rats.Analysis of relevant markers in the kidney by ELISA kits revealed that L.brevis PDD-5 alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation.Moreover,the gene expression of uric acid transporter 1(URAT1)and glucose transporter 9(GLUT9)was down-regulated,and the gene expression of organic anion transporter 1(OAT1)was up-regulated after treatment with L.brevis PDD-5.Western blot analysis showed that L.brevis PDD-5 alleviated hyperuricemia-induced kidney injury through the NLRP3 pathway.The se findings suggest that L.brevis PDD-5 can lower uric acid,repair kidney damage,and also has the potential to prevent uric acid nephropathy. | Jue Xu Maolin Tu Xiankang Fan Yuxing Guo Tao Zhang Xiaoqun Zeng Zhendong Cai Zhen Wu Daodong Pan | 2024 | Food Science and Human Wellness2024，13，2： | 0 |
| 20 | Effects of the number of imidazoline ring and the length of alkyl group chain of imidazoline derivatives on corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in HCl solution:Molecular simulation and experimental validation显示文摘The effects of the number of imidazoline ring and the length of alkyl group chain of imidazoline derivatives were investigated using quantum chemical calculation,molecular dynamics simulation and experimental techniques.Three corrosion inhibitors including symmetrical lauric acid imidazoline(SAI),tetracyclic lauric acid imidazoline(LAI),and symmetric stearic acid imidazoline(SPI)were synthesized and their inhibition performance was evaluated using weight loss measurement,electrochemical techniques and surface characterization.The results show that SAI and LAI with the same length of alkyl group chain,LAI with more imidazoline rings could supply a better inhibition performance since the increase of active sites.The increase of active sites attached to the metal surface may also change the distribution of corrosion inhibitor,which could limit inhibition performance improvement.While,SAI and SPI with the same number of imidazoline rings,SPI with longer alkyl group chain shows a better inhibition efficiency due to the better hydrophobic performance of alkyl groups.Among the three inhibitors,SPI shows the best inhibition performance,indicating that the alkyl group chain length affects the inhibition performance more obvious than the number of the imidazoline rings. | Chenfeng Zhang Junying Hu Zhi Yang Ziqi Zheng Shuai Geng Xiankang Zhong | 2022 | Petroleum2022，8，4： | 0 |
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