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| 1 | Genotypic Characterization of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pigs and Retail Foods in China显示文摘Objective To investigate the genotypic diversity of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) isolated from pigs and retail foods from different geographical areas in China and further to study the routes and rates of transmission of this pathogen from animals to food. Methods Seventy-one MRSA isolates were obtained from pigs and retail foods and then characterized by multi-locus sequencing typing(MLST), spa typing, multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis(MLVA), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results All isolated MRSA exhibited multi-drug resistance(MDR). Greater diversity was found in food-associated MRSA(7 STs, 8 spa types, and 10 MLVA patterns) compared to pig-associated MRSA(3 STs, 1 spa type, and 6 MLVA patterns). PFGE patterns were more diverse for pig-associated MRSA than those of food-associated isolates(40 vs. 11 pulse types). Among the pig-associated isolates, CC9-ST9-t899-MC2236 was the most prevalent clone(96.4%), and CC9-ST9-t437-MC621(20.0%) was the predominant clone among the food-associated isolates. The CC9-ST9 isolates showed significantly higher antimicrobial resistance than other clones. Interestingly, CC398-ST398-t034 clone was identified from both pig-and food-associated isolates. Of note, some community-and hospital-associated MRSA strains(t030, t172, t1244, and t4549) were also identified as food-associated isolates. Conclusion CC9-ST9-t899-MC2236-MDR was the most predominant clone in pigs, but significant genetic diversity was observed in food-associated MRSA. Our results demonstrate the great need for improved surveillance of MRSA in livestock and food and effective prevention strategies to limit MDR-MRSA infections in China. | WANG Wei LIU Feng ZULQARNAIN Baloch ZHANG Cun Shan MA Ke PENG Zi Xin YAN Shao Fei HU Yu Jie GAN Xin DONG Yin Ping BAI Yao LI Feng Qin YAN Xiao Mei MA Ai Guo XU Jin | 2017 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences2017，30，8： | 13 |
| 2 | 中国30年来新发病毒性传染病与病毒溯源综述显示文摘2019年底,COVID-19在全球暴发,给全人类带来灾难.新发传染病在全球范围内频繁发生、迅速蔓延,由于缺乏有效的应对措施,往往造成严重后果.发现和鉴定病原体是开发新的治疗药物及疫苗的基础,明确病原体来源及其传播途径则是制定防控方案的前提.针对冠状病毒、流感病毒和虫媒病毒等我国30年(1990~2021)来发生的主要传染病流行特点与传播来源进行比较分析,深入阐述了这些新发病原体主要为动物来源,冠状病毒广泛存在于脊椎动物,流感病毒主要在野生鸟类中发现,虫媒病毒主要通过吸血节肢动物在动物和人之间传播.病毒在动物间、动物媒介自然传播,构成病原体自然传播链,在特殊情况下病原体传播给易感者,可能造成人与人之间传播.密切监控病原体在宿主动物的存在与活动状态,与携带传染性病毒的动物保持安全距离,可以最大程度地减少病毒从动物传播给人类的风险.基于'提前预警、主动防御'的客观需求,亟待开展动物携带病原谱调查与传播风险评价,针对性开发预防性疫苗和抗病毒药物,制定切实可行的'未来病毒'防控措施. | 尹建华 BALOCH Zulqarnain 夏雪山 | 2021 | 昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版)2021，46，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Malaria:elimination tale from Yunnan Province of China and new challenges for reintroduction显示文摘Background::Eradication of infectious disease is the sanctified public health and sustainable development goal around the world.Main body::Three antimalarial barriers were developed to control imported malarial cases,and an effective surveillance strategy known as the'1-3-7 approach'was developed to eliminate malaria from the Chinese population.From 2011 to 2019,5254 confirmed malaria cases were reported and treated in Yunnan Province,China.Among them,4566 cases were imported from other countries,and 688 cases were indigenous from 2011 to 2016.Since 2017,no new local malarial case has been reported in China.Thus,malaria has been completely eliminated in Yunnan Province.However,malaria is detected in overseas travellers on a regular basis,such as visitors from neighbouring Myanmar.Conclusion::Hence,the strategies should be further strengthened to maintain a robust public health infrastructure for disease surveillance and vector control programs in border areas.Such programs should be supported technically and financially by the government to avert the possibility of a malarial resurgence in Yunnan Province. | Heng-Lin Yang Zulqarnain Baloch Jian-Wei Xu Xiao-Dong Sun Zu-Rui Lin Yao-Wu Zhou Xiao-Tao Zhao Quan Lv Shi-Yuan Xu Chun-Li Ding Qi-Yan Chen Peng Tian Kai-Xia Dung Xue-Shan Xia Hong-Ning Zhou | 2021 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2021，10，4： | 3 |
| 4 | Distribution and diversity of hepatitis B virus genotypes in Yunnan, China显示文摘 | Binghui Wang Yue Feng Zheng Li Haiping Duan Ting Zhao Amei Zhang Li Liu Zulqarnain Baloch Xueshan Xia | 2014 | Virol2014，，10： | 1 |
| 5 | 人类与病毒抗争的持久战:2020年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖解读显示文摘根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)最新数据,全球约有7100万慢性丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染者,2016年约40万人因该病死亡.我国是世界HCV感染者数量最多的国家,约占全球慢性HCV感染者总量的14%.值得关注的是,我国仍然有大量患者未被诊断出,并且实际接受规范药物治疗的患者比例较小. | 周杨 Zulqarnain Baloch 夏雪山 | 2020 | 科学通报2020，65，36： | 0 |
| 6 | COVID-19 impact on high school student’s education and mental health:A cohort survey in China显示文摘BACKGROUND The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and the universal implementation of control measures are fundamentally affecting every aspect of our society and daily lives.AIM To evaluate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and their associated factors as well as the effects and attitudes towards online education in Chinese high school students.METHODS A total of 883 students were included.The first,second and third-year students of a high school in Lanzhou,Gansu province of China were invited to participate in this study.They were requested to involve their parents to complete the survey together.A detailed questionnaire of 65 questions was designed and divided into five sections.The survey was anonymously conducted via WeChat,a Chinese multipurpose messaging,social media and mobile payment app.RESULTS Overall,32.94%of students experienced post-traumatic stress disorder due to the COVID-19 epidemic.The majority of students(60.82%)felt that online education was not(10.76%)or less effective(50.06%)in terms of gaining knowledge and improving practical and communications skills.Correlation analysis revealed that the class level,residential background and whether living with parents were significantly linked with the effectiveness and satisfaction of the online education system.Of the final year students,74.2%said that the COVID-19 outbreak has negatively affected their preparation for the college entrance exam,and 68%of students felt that this outbreak increased psychological pressure for their college entrance examination preparation.In case of having COVID-19 symptoms during the exam,50.7%,13.3%,and 10.2%would notify the proctor,teacher and parents,respectively.CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence rate of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in high school students.Thus,our results call for urgent attention from both government and schools to implement effective interventions to cope with the psychological effects and the disturbance of education by COVID-19 on children. | Zhong-Ren Ma Wei-Hua Ma Sakinah Idris Qiu-Wei Pan Zulqarnain Baloch | 2021 | World Journal of Psychiatry2021，11，6： | 0 |
| 7 | Molecular detection of Leishmania species in human and animals from cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic areas of Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan显示文摘Objectives: To detect Leishmania species in human patients, animal reservoirs and Phlebotomus sandflies in Waziristan, Pakistan. Methods: Tissue smears and aspirates from 448 cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL) suspected patients were analyzed. To sort out role of the reservoir hosts, skin scrapings, spleen and liver samples from 104 rodents were collected. Furthermore, buffy coat samples were obtained from 60 domestic animals. Sandflies were also trapped. All human, animals and sandfly samples were tested by microscopy, kinetoplastic PCR and internal transcribed spacer 1(ITS1) PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism for detection of Leishmania species. Results: An overall prevalence of 3.83% and 5.21% through microscopy and ITS1 PCR respectively was found. However, the statistically non-significant correlation was found between area, gender, and number of lesions. The presence of rodents, sandflies, domestic animals and internally displaced people increased the risk of CL. Using ITS1-PCR-RFLP, Leishmania tropica(L. tropica) was confirmed in 106 samples while 25 of the isolates were diagnosed as Leishmania major(L. major). Similarly, 3/104 rodents were positive for L. major and 14 pools of DNA samples containing Phlebotomus sergenti sandflies were positive for L. tropica. None of samples from domestic animals were positive for leishmaniasis. Conclusions: In the present study, L. tropica and L. major are found to be the main causative agents of CL in study area. Movement of internally displaced people from CL endemic areas presents a risk for nearby CL free areas. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time L. major infection in rodents(Rattus rattus) and L. tropica in Phlebotomus sergenti sandflies trapped in Waziristan, Pakistan. | Mubashir Hussain Shahzad Munir Abdullah Jalal Taj Ali Khan Niaz Muhammad Bahar Ullah Khattak Abdullah Khan Irfan Ahmed Zulqarnain Baloch Nawaz Haider Bashir Muhammad Ameen Jamal Kashif Rahim Humaira Mazhar Maira Riaz Noha Watany | 2018 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2018，11，8： | 0 |
| 8 | COVID-19 knowledge,risk perception,and information sources among Chinese population显示文摘BACKGROUND Measures for effective control of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic include identifying the causal organisms,applying appropriate therapies,and developing vaccines,as well as improving understanding among the general public.AIM To evaluate the knowledge,awareness,perception,and response of the general public to COVID-19 in China.METHODS A detailed questionnaire comprising 47 questions designed in both English and Chinese was developed.The survey was conducted via WeChat,a multipurpose messaging,social media,and mobile payment app that is widely used by the Chinese population.In total,1006 participants responded,and most of them were from different provinces of China's Mainland.RESULTS Overall,this comprehensive survey revealed that the general public in China is highly aware of the basic information concerning COVID-19 and its precautions.Interestingly,more respondents(99.3%)were aware of the term severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)than COVID-19(97.2%)and Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS)(73.4%).Among them,2.4%,1.6%,and 0.9%said that they or their family members or friends were affected by COVID-19,SARS,and MERS,respectively.The majority of the respondents(91.2%)indicated that knowledge about COVID-19 was received mainly from WeChat,followed by TV(89%),friends(76.1%),and QQ(a Chinese instant messaging software service)(57.7%).CONCLUSION The general public in China is highly aware of COVID-19 and the necessary precautions.Unexpectedly,2.8%of the participants were unaware of the current epidemic.The remaining information gaps highlight the necessity of further enhancing awareness and preparedness. | Zhong-Ren Ma Sakinah Idris Qiu-Wei Pan Zulqarnain Baloch | 2021 | World Journal of Psychiatry2021，11，5： | 0 |
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