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| 1 | 2013年1月华北平原重霾成因模拟分析显示文摘2013年1月华北平原出现了罕见的重污染天气过程,并引发连续多天大范围重霾现象。利用中华人民共和国环境保护部公布的空气污染指数日值数据和气象常规观测数据,结合区域空气质量模式系统RAMS-CMAQ的模拟结果,对1月10~15日污染过程的气象要素和关键气溶胶物种时空分布特征进行了详细分析,并对灰霾成因进行了探讨。结果表明,受本次污染过程影响的区域主要分布在北京-天津-唐山、河北省中南部和山东省大部。这些地区细颗粒物(即PM2.5)日均质量浓度超过120 μg m-3,且基本被灰霾覆盖,日均能见度在5~8 km之间。其中在北京、天津、石家庄和济南市及周边地区细颗粒物日均质量浓度可达250~300 μg m-3,部分市区可超过300 μg m-3,而日均能见度则可下降至3 km以下,形成重度灰霾。此外,对气象场的分析显示,本次污染过程期间华北平原大部分地区水平风速较多年平均值偏小约20%,且有明显逆温层覆盖,北京-天津-唐山、河北省南部和山东省北部的相对湿度则较多年平均值偏高达10%~40%。这样的气象条件不仅造成污染物易于堆积,而且有利于吸湿性粒子消光效应的快速增长,使能见度明显下降,是引发灰霾的重要因素之一。在北京地区引发灰霾的主要气溶胶物种为硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐,这3种无机盐对近地面的消光贡献比率达到50%以上。其中硝酸盐的消光贡献比率最高,可达总体效应的1/4,表明在这次污染过程中除相关工业源排放外,交通源排放也是北京地区主要的污染源之一。 | 韩霄 张美根 | 2014 | 气候与环境研究2014，19，2： | 34 |
| 2 | An emission source inversion model based on satellite data and its application in air quality forecasts显示文摘This paper aims at constructing an emission source inversion model using a variational processing method and adaptive nudging scheme for the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) based on satellite data to investigate the applicability of high resolution OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) column concentration data for air quality forecasts over the North China. The results show a reasonable consistency and good correlation between the spatial distributions of NO2 from surface and OMI satellite measurements in both winter and summer. Such OMI products may be used to implement integrated variational analysis based on observation data on the ground. With linear and variational corrections made, the spatial distribution of OMI NO2 clearly revealed more localized distributing characteristics of NO2 concentration. With such information, emission sources in the southwest and southeast of North China are found to have greater impacts on air quality in Beijing. When the retrieved emission source inventory based on high-resolution OMI NO2 data was used, the coupled Weather Research Forecasting CMAQ model (WRF-CMAQ) performed significantly better in forecasting NO2 concentration level and its tendency as reflected by the more consistencies between the NO2 concentrations from surface observation and model result. In conclusion, satellite data are particularly important for simulating NO2 concentrations on urban and street-block scale. High-resolution OMI NO2 data are applicable for inversing NOx emission source inventory, assessing the regional pollution status and pollution control strategy, and improving the model forecasting results on urban scale. | CHENG XingHong XU XiangDe DING GuoAn | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，5： | 17 |
| 3 | Rapid improvement of PM2.5 pollution and associated health benefits in China during 2013–2017显示文摘Exposure to fine particulate matter(PM2.5)is known to harm public health.In China,after implementation of aggressive emissions control measures under the Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control(2013-2017),air quality has significantly improved.In this work,we investigated changes in PM2.5 exposure and the associated health impacts in China for the period 2013-2017.We used an optimal estimator of PM2.5 combining in-situ observations,satellite measurements,and simulations from a chemical transport model to derive the spatial and temporal variations in PM2.5 exposure,and then used welldeveloped exposure-response functions to estimate the premature deaths attributable to PM2.5 exposure.We found that national population-weighed annual mean PM2.5 concentrations decreased from 67.4μgm-3 in 2013 to 45.5μgm-3 in 2017(32%reduction).This rapid decrease in PM2.5 pollution led to a 14%reduction in premature deaths due to long-term exposure.We estimated that,during 2013-2017,the premature deaths attributable to long-term PM2.5 exposure decreased from 1.2 million(95%CI:1.0,1.3;fraction of total mortality:13%)in 2013 to 1.0 million(95%CI:0.9,1.2;10%)in 2017.Despite the rapid decrease in annual mean PM2.5 concentrations,health benefits associated with reduced long-term exposure were limited,because for many cities,the PM2.5 levels remain at the portion where the exposure-response function is less steeper than that at the lowconcentration end.We also found that the deaths associated with acute exposure decreased by 61%during 2013-2017 due to rapid reduction in the number of heavily polluted days.Our results confirm that clean air policies in China have mitigated the air pollution crisis;however,continuous emissions reduction efforts are required to protect citizens from air pollution. | Tao XUE Jun LIU Qiang ZHANG Guannan GENG Yixuan ZHENG Dan TONG Zhu LIU Dabo GUAN Yu BO Tong ZHU Kebin HE Jiming HAO | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，12： | 17 |
| 4 | Probabilistic Automatic Outlier Detection for Surface Air Quality Measurements from the China National Environmental Monitoring Network显示文摘Although quality assurance and quality control procedures are routinely applied in most air quality networks, outliers can still occur due to instrument malfunctions, the influence of harsh environments and the limitation of measuring methods. Such outliers pose challenges for data-powered applications such as data assimilation, statistical analysis of pollution characteristics and ensemble forecasting. Here, a fully automatic outlier detection method was developed based on the probability of residuals, which are the discrepancies between the observed and the estimated concentration values. The estimation can be conducted using filtering—or regressions when appropriate—to discriminate four types of outliers characterized by temporal and spatial inconsistency, instrument-induced low variances, periodic calibration exceptions, and less PM_(10) than PM_(2.5) in concentration observations, respectively. This probabilistic method was applied to detect all four types of outliers in hourly surface measurements of six pollutants(PM_(2.5), PM_(10),SO_2,NO_2,CO and O_3) from 1436 stations of the China National Environmental Monitoring Network during 2014-16. Among the measurements, 0.65%-5.68% are marked as outliers. with PM_(10) and CO more prone to outliers. Our method successfully identifies a trend of decreasing outliers from 2014 to 2016,which corresponds to known improvements in the quality assurance and quality control procedures of the China National Environmental Monitoring Network. The outliers can have a significant impact on the annual mean concentrations of PM_(2.5),with differences exceeding 10 μg m^(-3) at 66 sites. | Huangjian WU Xiao TANG Zifa WANG Lin WU Miaomiao LU Lianfang WEI Jiang ZHU | 2018 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2018，35，12： | 10 |
| 5 | Spatial-temporal Analysis of Daily Air Quality Index in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China During 2014 and 2016显示文摘Urban air pollution is a prominent problem related to the urban development in China, especially in the densely populated urban agglomerations. Therefore, scientific examination of regional variation of air quality and its dominant factors is of great importance to regional environmental management. In contrast to traditional air pollution researches which only concentrate on a single year or a single pollutant, this paper analyses spatiotemporal patterns and determinants of air quality in disparate regions based on the air quality index(AQI) of the Yangtze River Delta region(YRD) of China from 2014 to 2016. Results show that the annual average value of the AQI in the YRD region decreases from 2014 to 2016 and exhibit a basic characteristic of ‘higher in winter, lower in summer and slightly high in spring and autumn'. The attainment rate of the AQI shows an apparently spatial stratified heterogeneity, Hefei metropolitan area and Nanjing metropolitan area keeping the worst air quality. The frequency of air pollution occurring in large regions was gradually decreasing during the study period. Drawing from entropy method analysis, industrialization and urbanization represented by per capita GDP and total energy consumption were the most important factors. Furthermore, population agglomeration is a factor that cannot be ignored especially in some mega-cities. Limited to data collection, more research is needed to gain insight into the spatiotemporal pattern and influence mechanism in the future. | YE Lei OU Xiangjun | 2019 | Chinese Geographical Science2019，29，3： | 7 |
| 6 | Microbiological assessment of indoor air of a teaching hospital in Nigeria显示文摘Objective:To investigate the quality of indoor air of different wards and units of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, to ascertain their contribution to infection rate in the hospital.Methods:The microbial quality of indoor air of nine wards/units of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria was conducted. Sedimentation technique using open Petri-dishes containing different culture media was employed and samplings were done twice daily, one in the morning shortly after cleaning and before influx of people/patients into the wards/units and the other in the evening when a lot of activities would have taken place in these wards. Isolates were identified according to standard methods.Results:Results showed that there was a statistically significant difference(氈2= 6.0167) in the bacteria population of the different sampling time whereas it was not so for fungi population(氈2= 0.2857). Male medical ward(MMW) and male surgical general(MSG) recorded the highest bacterial and fungal growth while the operating theatre(OT) was almost free of microbial burden. The bacteria isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiellasp., Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes andSerratia marscenceswhile the fungi isolates includedAspergillus flavus, Penicilliumsp.,Fusariumsp.,Candida albicansandAlternariasp.Staphylococcus aureuswas the predominantly isolated bacterium whilePenicilliumsp. was the most isolated fungus.Conclusions:Though most of the microbial isolates were potential and or opportunistic pathogens, there was no correlation between the isolates in this study and the surveillance report of nosocomial infection during the period of study, hence the contribution of the indoor air cannot be established. From the reduction noticed in the morning samples, stringent measures such as proper disinfection and regular cleaning, restriction of patient relatives' movement in and out of the wards/units need to be enforced so as to improve the quality of indoor air of our hospital wards/units. | Awosika SA Olajubu FA Amusa NA | 2012 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2012，2，6： | 6 |
| 7 | Spatio-temporal Characteristics and Geographical Determinants of Air Quality in Cities at the Prefecture Level and Above in China显示文摘In recent years, the large scale and frequency of severe air pollution in China has become an important consideration in the construction of livable cities and the physical and mental health of urban residents. Based on the 2016-year urban air quality index(AQI) data published by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of air quality and its influencing factors in 338 urban units nationwide. The analysis provides an effective scientific basis for formulating national air pollution control measures. Four key results are shown. 1) Generally, air quality in the 338 cities is poor, and the average annual values for urban AQI and air pollution in 2016 were 79.58% and 21.22%, respectively. 2) The air quality index presents seasonal changes, with winter > spring > autumn > summer and a u-shaped trend. 3) The spatial distribution of the urban air quality index shows clear north-south characteristic differences and a spatial agglomeration effect; the high value area of air pollution is mainly concentrated in the North China Plain and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 4) An evaluation of the spatial econometric model shows that differences in urban air quality are due to social, economic, and natural factors. | SUN Zhe ZHAN Dongsheng JIN Fengjun | 2019 | Chinese Geographical Science2019，29，2： | 5 |
| 8 | Comparative evaluation of the impact of GRAPES and MM5 meteorology on CMAQ prediction over Pearl River Delta, China显示文摘The community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model was used to forecast air quality over the Pearl River Delta region from December 2013 to January 2014.The pollution forecasting performance of CMAQ coupled with two different meteorological models,i.e.,the global/regional assimilation and prediction system (GRAPES) and the fifth-generation mesoscale model (MM5),was assessed by comparison with observational data.The effects of meteorological factors and physicochemical processes on the forecast results were discussed through process analysis.The results showed that both models exhibited good performance but that of GRAPES-CMAQ was better.GRAPES was superior in predicting the overall variation tendencies of meteorological fields,but it showed large deviations in atmospheric pressure and wind speed.This contributed to the higher correlation coefficients of the pollutants with GRAPES-CMAQ but with greater deviations.The underestimations of nitrate and ammonium salt contributed to the underestimations of both particulate matter and extinction coefficients.Source emissions made the only positive contributions to surface layer SO2,CO,and NO.It was found that O3 originated primarily from horizontal and vertical transport and that its consumption was predominantly via chemical processes.Conversely,NO2 was found derived primarily from chemical production. | Tao Deng Yiang Chen Qilin Wan Yanxia Zhang Xuejiao Deng Yanyan Huang Guangfeng Dai Fei Li | 2018 | Particuology2018，16，5： | 4 |
| 9 | Overview of Urban PM_(2. 5) Numerical Forecast Models in China显示文摘This paper made an overview and introduction of urban PM_(2. 5)numerical forecast models in China,and mainly introduced air quality simulated forecast system of Beijing,Shanghai,and Nanjing. On this basis,it discussed development direction and existing problems of urban PM_(2. 5)forecast models in China. Besides,it revealed significance of numerical models for air quality forecast. In a heavy air pollution of Beijing- Tianjin- Hebei in October 6- 12 th of 2014,the forecast results indicated that pollutants was transported from south to north,so the regional transport exerts great influence on concentration of PM_(2. 5). | Nianliang CHENG Hongxia LI Fan MENG Fahe CHAI | 2015 | Asian Agricultural Research2015，7，10： | 4 |
| 10 | A study on atmospheric turbulence structure and intermittency during heavy haze pollution in the Beijing area显示文摘In this study,the characteristics of turbulence transport and intermittency and the evolutionary mechanisms were studied in different pollution stages of heavy haze weather from December 2016 to January 2017 in the Beijing area using the method developed by Ren et al.(2019)as the automatic identification of atmospheric spectral gaps and the reconstruction of atmospheric turbulence sequences.The results reveal that turbulence intermittency is the strongest in the cumulative stage(CS)of heavy haze weather,followed by in the transport stage(TS),and it is the weakest in the dissipation stage(DS).During the development and accumulation of haze pollution,buoyancy contributes negatively to turbulent kinetic energy(TKE),and horizontal wind speed is low.The classical turbulent motion is often affected by submesoscale motion.As a result,the calculation results of turbulence parameters are affected by submesoscale motion,which causes intensified turbulence intermittency.During the dissipation of pollution,the downward momentum transfer induced by low-level jets provides kinetic energy for turbulent motion in the near surface layer.The turbulent mixing effect is enhanced,and intermittency is weakened.Due to the intermittency of atmospheric turbulence,turbulence parameters calculated from the original fluctuation of meteorological elements may be overestimated.The overestimation of turbulence parameters in the CS is the strongest,followed by the TS,and the DS is the weakest.The overestimation of turbulent fluxes results in an overestimation of atmospheric dissipation capability that may cause an underestimation of pollutant concentrations in the numerical simulations of air quality. | Yan REN Hongsheng ZHANG Wei WEI Xuhui CAI Yu SONG Ling KANG | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，12： | 4 |
| 11 | Interactions between water vapor and atmospheric aerosols have key roles in air quality and climate change显示文摘INTRODUCTION Atmospheric aerosols,which are ubiquitous in the planetary boundary layer, have received much attention due to their effects on visibility,climate and human health.Water,a semi-volatile species,is ubiquitous in the atmosphere as well.The interaction between water vapor and aerosols plays a key role in determining the aerosol properties in the atmosphere and therefore has great effects on both air quality (Fig.la and b)and climate change (Fig.lc),which is depicted in Fig.1 as a function of atmospheric relative humidity (RH)and temperature. | Zhijun Wu Jie Chen Yu Wang Yishu Zhu Yuechen Liu Bai Yao Yuanhang Zhang Min Hu | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，4： | 4 |
| 12 | 中国城市空气质量时空特征及其影响因素的地理探测(英文)显示文摘Ambient air pollution brought by the rapid economic development and industrial production in China has exerted a significant influence on socio-economic activities and public health, especially in the densely populated urban areas. Therefore, scientific examination of regional variation of urban air quality and its dominant factors is of great importance to regional environmental management. Based on daily air quality index(AQI) datasets spanning from 2014 to 2016, this study analysed the spatiotemporal characteristics of air quality across different regions throughout China and ascertained the determinants of urban air quality in disparate regions. The main findings are as follows:(1) The annual average value of the urban AQI in China decreased from 2014 to 2016, indicating a desirable trend in air quality at the national scale.(2) The attainment rate of the urban AQI exhibited an apparent spatially stratified heterogeneity, wherein North China retained a high AQI value. The increase of Moran's I Index reported an apparent spillover effect among adjacent regions.(3) Both at the national and regional scales, the seasonal tendency of air quality in each year is similar, wherein good in summer and relatively poor in winter.(4) Results drawn from the Geographic Detector analysis show that dominant factors influencing AQI vary significantly across urban agglomerations. Topographical and meteorological variations in urban areas may lead to complex spatiotemporal variations in pollutant concentration. Whereas given the same natural conditions, the human-dominated factors, such as industrial structure and urban form, exert significant impacts on urban air quality.The spatial spillover effects and regional heterogeneity of urban air quality illustrated in this study suggest the governments and institutions should set priority to the importance of regional cooperation and collaboration in light of environment regulation and pollution prevention. | 张晓平 龚则周 | 2018 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2018，28，5： | 3 |
| 13 | Particle size distributions, PM2.5 concentrations and water- soluble inorganic ions in different public indoor environments: a case study in Jinan, China显示文摘In this study, we collected particles with aerodynamic diameter≤2.5μm (PM2.5) from three different public indoor places (a supermarket, a commercial office, and a university dining hall) in Jinan, a medium-sized city located in northern China. Water- soluble inorganic ions of PM2.5 and particle size distributions were also measured. Both indoor and outdoor PM2.5 levels (102.3-143.8 μg·m- 3 and 160.2-301.3 μg·m-3, respectively) were substantially higher than the value recommended by the World Health Organization (25 I.μg·m-3), and outdoor sources were found to be the major contributors to indoor pollutants. Diurnal particle number size distributions were different, while the maximum volume concentrations all appeared to be approximately 300nm in the three indoor locations. Concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were shown to exhibit the same variation trends for the supermarket and dining hall. For the office, PM2.5 concentrations during nighttime were observed to decrease sharply. Among others, SO4^2-, NH4+ and NO3- were found to be the dominant water-soluble ions of both indoor and outdoor particles. Concentrations of NO3- in the supermarket and office during the daytime were observed to decrease sharply, which might be attributed to the fact that the indoor temperature was much higher than the outdoor temperature. In addition, domestic activities such as cleaning, water usage, cooking, and smoking also played roles in degraded indoor air quality. However, the results obtained here might be negatively impacted by the small number of samples and short sampling durations. | Can DONG Lingxiao YANG Chao YAN Qi YUAN Yangchun YU Wenxing WANG | 2013 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2013，7，1： | 3 |
| 14 | A new method for quantitatively characterizing atmospheric oxidation capacity显示文摘Based on atmospheric chemical kinetics, the rate constant of overall pseudo-first order oxidation re-moval of gaseous pollutants (Kpor,T) is proposed to characterize the atmospheric oxidation capacity in troposphere. Being a quantitative parameter, Kpor,T can be used to address the issues related to at-mospheric oxidation capacity. By applying this method, the regional oxidation capacity of the atmos-phere in Pearl River Delta (PRD) is numerically simulated based on CBM-IV chemical mechanism. Re-sults show the significant spatio-temporal variation of the atmospheric oxidation capacity in PRD. It is found that OH initiated oxidations, heterogeneous oxidation of SO2, and photolysis of aldehydes are the three most important oxidation processes influencing the atmospheric oxidation capacity in PRD. | CHENG YanLi WANG XueSong LIU ZhaoRong BAI YuHua LI JinLong | 2008 | Science China Chemistry2008，51，11： | 2 |
| 15 | ICU层流病房空气质量影响因素的探讨与管理显示文摘目的 探讨ICU层流病房空气质量影响因素及管理对策.方法 采用平板暴露采样法,对不同人员数及活动状态、不同湿度、回风口过滤网不同清洗时间的细菌菌落数进行对比研究.结果 ①相对静止状态细菌菌落数少于活动状态时,两组有显著性差异(P<0.05).②在不同湿度状态下湿度控制在40%~50%和50%~70%两组对比细菌菌落数差异无显著性(P>0.05).③清洗回风口过滤网后第7、14、21、28 d采样,结果过滤网清洗时间细菌菌落数无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 对ICU进行科学的工作流程和管理是保持室内空气洁净的有效方法. | 黄善三 马娟 蒋丰亦 黎晓霜 | 2006 | 内科2006，1，2： | 2 |
| 16 | Analysis on the Impacts of Straw Burning on Air Quality in Beijing -Tianjing - Hebei Region显示文摘The beginning of October is the high occurrence period of straw burning in North China and Jianghuai region. Heavy pollution weather caused by straw burning often takes place in recent two years,and thus human factor increases the unpredictability of the air quality forecast. In the early autumn of 2015,a continuous fog-haze weather and heavy air pollution event occurred in North China and Jianghuai region due to the straw burning. In this paper,the effect of straw burning on air quality under the same adverse diffusive meteorological conditions has been analyzed by using the ground and upper air meteorological observation data and air quality monitoring data of Environmental Protection Agency in recent two years. The comparison results show that the basic conditions of heavy pollution are weak wind and the unfavorable diffusion situation. In contrast,relative humidity is the key factor,only 40% of relative humidity during the straw burning can reach heavy pollution level during no straw burning. | Ma Xiaohui Tang Yixi Sun Zhaobin Li Ziming | 2017 | Meteorological and Environmental Research2017，8，5： | 2 |
| 17 | A framework for investigating the air quality variation characteristics based on the monitoring data: Case study for Beijing during 2013–2016显示文摘In this study, an analysis framework based on the regular monitoring data was proposed for investigating the annual/inter-annual air quality variation and the contributions from different factors(i.e., seasons, pollution periods and airflow directions), through a case study in Beijing from 2013 to 2016. The results showed that the annual mean concentrations(MC) of PM_(2.5), SO_2, NO_2 and CO had decreased with annual mean ratios of 7.5%, 28.6%, 4.6%and 15.5% from 2013 to 2016, respectively. Among seasons, the MC in winter contributed the largest fractions(25.8%~46.4%) to the annual MC, and the change of MC in summer contributed most to the inter-annual MC variation(IMCV) of PM_(2.5) and NO2. For different pollution periods, gradually increase of frequency of S-1(PM_(2.5), 0~ 75 μg/m^3) made S-1 become the largest contributor(28.8%) to the MC of PM_(2.5) in 2016, it had a negative contribution(-13.1%) to the IMCV of PM_(2.5); obvious decreases of frequencies of heavily polluted and severely polluted dominated(44.7% and 39.5%) the IMCV of PM_(2.5). For different airflow directions, the MC of pollutants under the south airflow had the most significant decrease(22.5%~62.5%), and those decrease contributed most to the IMCV of PM_(2.5)(143.3%),SO2(72.0%), NO_2(55.5%) and CO(190.3%); the west airflow had negative influences to the IMCV of PM_(2.5), NO_2 and CO. The framework is helpful for further analysis and utilization of the large amounts of monitoring data; and the analysis results can provide scientific supports for the formulation or adjustment of further air pollution mitigation policy. | Jixian Cui Jianlei Lang Tian Chen Shushuai Mao Shuiyuan Cheng Zhanshan Wang Nianliang Cheng | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，7： | 2 |
| 18 | Improving tuberculosis infection control practice and microbial air quality in a general hospital after intervention显示文摘Objective:Hospital personnel,especially nurses are at risk for tuberculosis(TB) infection and the intervention for reducing the risk should be established.Methods:To compare the TB infection control practices and standard precaution in 154 registered nurses and auxiliary nurses working in risk wards.Additionally,microbial air quality in the studied wards was investigated before and after implementation of an intervention including twoday training program on TB infection control and standard precaution practices and managing the ward environments. Results:Post-intervention,the percentage of studied nurses who always practiced increased in every item of TB infection control practice(6 items) and standard precaution(9 items) when compared with the preintervention period.Both mean scores were significantly higher than those before intervention(5.0±1.0 vs 4. 4±1.1,and 7.6±1.3 vs 6.7±1.5,P<0.001,respectively).As well as,bacterial and fungal counts in air samples collected from every studied ward decreased after implementing the intervention,for example, mean of bacterial counts in OPD decreased from 387.8±249.5 cfu/m^3 to 194.4±134.3 cfu/m^3.Additionally, there was no air sample with high level of bacterial and fungal counts,whereas,3.7 -22.2%of air samples collected before intervention had high level of bacterial counts(>500 cfu/m^3).Conclusion:Two-day training program and management of the ward environment could improve the scores of TB infection control practices and the standard precaution among studied nurses and reduce the microbial counts in air samples collected from the studied wards. | Pipat Luksamijarulkul Jiraporn Khumsri Pisit Vatthanasomboon Pornapa Aiumlaor | 2009 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2009，2，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Experimental Investigation on Local Air Age and Air Distribution of Stratum Ventilation显示文摘Because of the multiple problems on high energy consumption and unbalanced thermal comfort caused by the traditional ventilation system,a new concept of ventilation-stratum ventilation has been proposed,which sends the fresh air to the breathing zone directly.In this paper,the local air distributions of the displacement ventilation and the stratum ventilation in a model office were measured.The air ages in the breathing zone for the displacement ventilation and stratum ventilation were compared with the tracer gas concentration decay method.The decay curves of tracer gas concentration for these two ventilation systems in the breathing zone were obtained,and the air ages were calculated.The experimental results show that the stratum ventilation system can offer lower air age for four mechanically ventilated cases in the breathing zone,and it can also provide better thermal comfort,which renews the air of breathing zone more quickly and reduces the energy consumption in some degree.The experimental investigation provides a theoretical basis for the application of stratum ventilation system. | WANG Feng-hao,LI Yuan-bin,LIU Xiao-dong,WANG Xin-ke(School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710049,China) | 2009 | 湖南大学学报(自然科学版)2009，36，S1： | 1 |
| 20 | 常州市空气质量实时发布协同服务体系建设显示文摘从空气质量实时发布的发布接口、集成环节、发布要素三个方面建立空气质量实时发布协同服务体系,在此基础上建立了协同服务框架,对发布信息的统计计算、数据质控、数据聚合计算、数据自动化处理等功能进行阐述,由此保证了不同层次、不同接口间发布信息的质量和一致性,具有较大的实际应用价值。 | 孙南 蔡继军 | 2014 | 环境监控与预警2014，6，1： | 1 |
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