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| 1 | Multimodality treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with tumor thrombi in portal vein显示文摘AIM To compare the therapeutic effect andsignificances of multimodality treatment forhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumorthrombi in portal vein (PVTT).METHODS HCC patients (n = 147) with tumortrombi in the main portal vein or the first branchof portal vein were divided into four groups bythe several therapeutic methods. There wereconservative treatment group in 18 out ofpatients (group A); and hepatic artery ligation(HAL) and/or hepatic artery infusion (HAl)group in 18 patients (group B), in whompostoberative chemoembolization was doneperiodically; group of removal of HCC with PVTTin 79 (group C) and group of transcatheterhepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) orHAl and/or portal vein infusion (PVI) afteroperation in 32 (group D).RESULTS The median survival period was 12months in our series and the 1-, 3-, and 5-yearsurvival rates were 44.3%, 24.5% and 15.2%,respectively. The median survival times were 2,5, 12 and 16 months in group A, B, C and D,respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rateswere 5.6%, 0% and 0% in group A; 22.2%,5.6% and 0% in group B; 53.9%, 26.9% and16.6% in group C; 79.3%, 38.9% and 26.8% ingroup D, respectively. Significant differenceappeared in the survival rates among the groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Hepatic resection with removalof tumor thrombi and HCC should increase thecurative effects and be encouraged for theprolongation of life span and quality of life forHCC patients with PVTT, whereas the besttherapeutic method for HCC with PVTT is withregional hepatic chemotherapy orchemoemblization after hepatic resection withremoval of tumor thrombi. | Jia Fan Zhi Quan Wu Zhao You Tang Jian Zhou Shuang Jian Qiu Zeng Chen Ma Xin Da Zhou Sheng Long Ye Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Medical Center (Former Shanghai University), 136 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，1： | 80 |
| 2 | Update on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus显示文摘To achieve good metabolic control in diabetes and keep long term, a combination of changes in lifestyle and pharmacological treatment is necessary. Achieving near-normal glycated hemoglobin significantly, decreases risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. At present there are different treatments, both oral and injectable, available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Treatment algorithms designed to reduce the development or progression of the complications of diabetes emphasizes the need for good glycaemic control. The aim of this review is to perform an update on the benefits and limitations of different drugs, both current and future, for the treatment of T2 DM. Initial intervention should focus on lifestyle changes. Moreover, changes in lifestyle have proven to be beneficial, but for many patients is a complication keep long term. Physicians should be familiar with the different types of existing drugs for the treatment of diabetes and select the most effective, safe and better tolerated by patients. Metformin remains the first choice of treatment for most patients. Other alternative or second-line treatment options should be individualized depending on the characteristics of each patient. This article reviews the treatments available for patients with T2 DM, with an emphasis on agents introduced within the last decade. | Juan Jose Marin-Penalver Iciar Martin-Timon Cristina Sevillano-Collantes Francisco Javier del Canizo-Gomez | 2016 | World Journal of Diabetes2016，7，17： | 37 |
| 3 | Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection:Current status and future concepts显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is highly associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases,including gastric inflammation,peptic ulcer,gastric cancer,and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma.Although alternative therapies,including phytomedicines and probiotics,have been used to improve eradication,current treatment still relies on a combination of antimicrobial agents,such as amoxicillin,clarithromycin,metronidazole,and levofloxacin,and antisecretory agents,such as proton pump inhibitors(PPIs).A standard triple therapy consisting of a PPI and two antibiotics(clarithromycin and amoxicillin/metronidazole)is widely used as the first-line regimen for treatment of infection,but the increased resistance of H.pylori to clarithromycin and metronidazole has significantly reduced the eradication rate using this therapy and bismuth-containing therapy or 10-d sequential therapy has therefore been proposed to replace standard triple therapy.Alternatively,levofloxacin-based triple therapy can be used as rescue therapy for H.pylori infection after failure of first-line therapy.The increase in resistance to antibiotics,including levofloxacin,may limit the applicability of such regimens.However,since resistance of H.pylori to amoxicillin is generally low,an optimized high dose dual therapy consisting of a PPI and amoxicillin can be an effective first-line or rescue therapy.In addition,the concomitant use of alternative medicine has the potential to provide additive or synergistic effects against H.pylori infection,though its efficacy needs to be verified in clinical studies. | Jyh-Chin Yang Chien-Wei Lu Chun-Jung Lin | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，18： | 35 |
| 4 | Effect of Boschniakia rossica on expression of GSTP,p53 and p21^(ras)proteins in early stage of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis and its anti-inflammatory activities in rats显示文摘AIM To investigate the effect of Boschniakiarossica(BR)extract on expression of GST-P,p53 and p21rasproteins in early stage of chemicalhepatocarcinogenesis in rats and its anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The expression of tumor marker-placental form glutathione S-transferase(GST-P),p53 and p21rasproteins were investigated byimmunohistochemical techniques and ABCmethod.Anti-inflammatory activities of BR werestudied by xylene and croton oil-induced mouseear edema,carrageenin,histamine and hotscald-induced rat pow edema,adjuvant-inducedrat arthritis and cotton pellet-induced mousegranuloma formation methods.RESULTS The 500 mg/kg of BR-H2O extractfractionated from BR-Methanol extract hadinhibitory effect on the formation of DEN-inducedGST-P-positive foci in rat liver(GST-P stainingwas 78% positive in DEN+AAF group vs 20%positive in DEN+AAF+BR group,P<0.05)andthe expression of mutant p53 and p21rasproteinwas lower than that of hepatic preneoplasticlesions(33% and 22% positive respectively inDEN+AAF group vs negative in DEN+AAF+BRgroup).Both CH2Cl2 and H2O extracts from BRhad anti-inflamatory effect in xylene and crotonoil-induced mouse ear edema(inhibitory rateswere 26%-29% and 35%-59%,respectively). BR-H2O extract exhibited inhibitory effect incarrageenin,histamine and hot scald-inducedhind paw edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis inrats and cotton pellet-induced granulomaformation in mice.CONCLUSION BR extract exhibited inhibitory effect on formation of preneoplastic hepatic foci in early stage of rat chemical hepato-carcinogenesis. Both CH2CI2 and H2O extracts from BR exerted anti-inflammatory effect in rats and mice. | Zong Zhu Yin Hai Ling Jin Xue Zhe Yin Tian Zhu Li Ji Shu Quan Zeng Nan Jin Institute for Cancer Research,Yanbian University College of Medicine,Yanji 133000,Jilin Province,China | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，6： | 33 |
| 5 | Honey:its medicinal property and antibacterial activity显示文摘Indeed,medicinal importance of honey has been documented in the world's oldest medical literatures,and since the ancient times,it has been known to possess antimicrobial property as well as wound-healing activity.The healing property of honey is due to the fact that it offers antibacterial activity,maintains a moist wound condition,and its high viscosity helps to provide a protective barrier to prevent infection.Its immunomodulatory property is relevant to wound repair too.The antimicrobial activity in most honeys is due to the enzymatic production of hydrogen peroxide.However,another kind of honey,called non-peroxide honey(viz.,manuka honey),displays significant antibacterial effects even when the hydrogen peroxide activity is blocked.Its mechanism may be related to the low pH level of honey and its high sugar content(high osmolality) that is enough to hinder the growth of microbes.The medical grade honeys have potent in vitro bactericidal activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing several life-threatening infections to humans. But,there is a large variation in the antimicrobial activity of some natural honeys,which is due to spatial and temporal variation in sources of nectar.Thus,identification and characterization of the active principle(s) may provide valuable information on the quality and possible therapeutic potential of honeys(against several health disorders of humans),and hence we discussed the medicinal property of honeys with emphasis on their antibacterial activities. | Manisha Deb Mandal Shyamapada Mandal | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2011，1，2： | 26 |
| 6 | Risk of transmission of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and related “superbugs” during gastrointestinal endoscopy显示文摘To evaluate the risk of transmission of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE) and their related superbugs during gastrointestinal(GI) endoscopy. Reports of outbreaks linked to GI endoscopes contami-nated with different types of infectious agents, includ-ing CRE and their related superbugs, were reviewed. Published during the past 30 years, both prior to and since CRE's emergence, these reports were obtained by searching the peer-reviewed medical literature(via the United States National Library of Medicine's 'MEDLINE' database); the Food and Drug Administration's Manu-facturer and User Facility Device Experience database, or 'MAUDE'; and the Internet(via Google's search engine). This review focused on an outbreak of CRE in 2013 following the GI endoscopic procedure known as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, or ERCP, performed at 'Hospital X' located in the sub-urbs of Chicago(IL; United States). Part of the largest outbreak of CRE in United States history, the infection and colonization of 10 and 28 of this hospital's patients, respectively, received considerable media attention and was also investigated by the Centers for Disease Con-trol and Prevention(CDC), which published a report about this outbreak in Morbidity and Mortality WeeklyReport(MMWR), in 2014. This report, along with the results of an independent inspection of Hospital X's in-fection control practices following this CRE outbreak, were also reviewed. While this article focuses primar-ily on the prevention of transmissions of CRE and their related superbugs in the GI endoscopic setting, some of its discussion and recommendations may also apply to other healthcare settings, to other types of flexible endoscopes, and to other types of transmissible infec-tious agents. This review found that GI endoscopy is an important risk factor for the transmission of CRE and their related superbugs, having been recently as-sociated with patient morbidity and mortality following ERCP. The CDC reported in MMWR that the type of GI endoscope, known as an ERCP endoscope, that Hospi-tal X used to perform ERCP in 2013 on the 38 patients who became infected or colonized with CRE might be particularly challenging to clean and disinfect, because of the complexity of its physical design. If performed in strict accordance with the endoscope manufacturer's labeling, supplemented as needed with professional organizations' published guidelines, however, current practices for reprocessing GI endoscopes, which include high-level disinfection, are reportedly adequate for the prevention of transmission of CRE and their related superbugs. Several recommendations are provided to prevent CRE transmissions in the healthcare setting. CRE transmissions are not limited to contaminated GI endoscopes and also have been linked to other reusable flexible endoscopic instrumentation, including broncho-scopes and cystoscopes. In conclusion, contaminated GI endoscopes, particularly those used during ERCP, have been causally linked to outbreaks of CRE and their related superbugs, with associated patient morbidity and mortality. Thorough reprocessing of these complex reusable instruments is necessary to prevent disease transmission and ensure patient safety during GI endos-copy. Enhanced training and monitoring of reprocessing staffers to verify the proper cleaning and brushing of GI endoscopes, especially the area around, behind andnear the forceps elevator located at the distal end othe ERCP endoscope, are recommended. If the ERCPendoscope features a narrow and exposed channel thathouses a wire connecting the GI endoscope's controhead to this forceps elevator, then this channel's com-plete reprocessing, including its flushing with a deter-gent using a procedure validated for effectiveness, is also emphasized. | Lawrence F Muscarella | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，10： | 26 |
| 7 | 微电网CPS体系架构及其物理端研究显示文摘针对未来微电网智能化发展的趋势,提出将信息物理融合系统(CPS)技术引入微电网建设中,建立微电网CPS。论述了建立微电网CPS的理由和必要性,给出其架构示意图,并提出了微电网CPS的6层控制体系框架,分别为应用层、网络层、连接层、协调层、调节层和物理层,对每个控制层的功能和作用进行了描述;通过对微电网CPS环境的云计算平台进行分析,指出其中可能会存在的大量端点资源浪费的问题,并提出采用云端计算方式代替当下的云计算方式的想法。在微电网CPS云端计算环境下,采用Agent技术,建立微电网CPS物理端节点的Agent模型,并对其行为进行了描述。 | 刘汉宇 牟龙华 | 2012 | 电力自动化设备2012，32，5： | 26 |
| 8 | Inhibitory effects of RRR-α-tocopheryl succinate on benzo (a) pyrene (B (a) P)-induced forestomach carcinogenesis in female mice显示文摘AIM To study the inhibitory effects of VES( RRR-α-tocopheryl Succinate, VES ), aderivative of natural Vitamin E, on benzo (a)pyrene (B (a) P)-induced forestomach tumor infemale mice.METHODS The model of B (a)P-inducedforestomach tumor was established according tothe methods of Wattenberg with slightmodifications. One hundred and eighty femalemice (6 weeks old) were divided into six groupsequally; negative control (Succinic acid),vehicle control ( Succinate + B (a) P), positivecontrol(B(a) P), high VES(2.5g/kg. b. w + B(a)P), Iow VES(1 .25 g/kg. b. w + B(a) P) ig as wellas VES by ip (20 mg/kg, b. w + B(a) P). Exceptthe negative control group, the mice wereadministrated with B(a)P ig. and correspondingtreatments for 4 weeks to study the anti-carcinogenetic effect of VES during the initiationperiod. The experiment lasted 29 weeks, inwhich the inhibitory effects of VES both ontumor incidence and tumor size were tested.RESULTS The models of B (a)P-inducedforestomach tumor in female mice wereestablished successfully. Some werecauliflower-like, others looked like papilla, evena few were formed into the ulcer cavities. VES at1.25 g/kg. b. w, 2.5 g/kg. b.w. by ig and 20 mg/kg. b. w. via ip could decrease the number oftumors per mouse (1.7 ± 0. 41, 1.6 ± 0.34 and 1.1±0.43), being lower than that of B(a)P group(5.4 ± 0.32, P<0.05). The tumor incidence wasinhibited by 18.2%, 23.1% and 50.0%. VES at1.25g/kg.b.w., 2.5 g/ kg.b.w. by ig and20 mg/kg. b.w. via ip reduced the total volumeof tumors per mouse (54.8 ± 8.84, 28.4 ± 8.32and 23.9± 16.05), being significantly lower thanthat of B(a)P group (150.2±20.93, P<0.01).The inhibitory rates were 63.5%, 81.1% and84.1%, respectively.CONCLUSION VES has inhibitory effects on B(a) P-induced forestomach carcinogenesis infemale mice, especially by ip and it may be apotential anti-cancer agent in vivo. | Kun Wu1 Yu Juan Shan1 Yan Zhao1 Jian Wu Yu2 Bai He Liu1 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China2The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，1： | 24 |
| 9 | Role of bevacizumab in colorectal cancer growth and its adverse effects:A review显示文摘Angiogenesis affects both wound healing and malignant cell growth through nutrients and oxygen.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is the most important element involved in this complex process.Inhibition of VEGF influences angiogenesis and may restrict tumor growth and metastatic ability.Modern antiangiogenic therapy is based on this theory.Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody(immunoglobulin G1) which binds with VEGF-A forming a large molecule.It can not be bound with VEGF tyrosine kinase receptors preventing VEGF-A incorporation;thus its activity is inhibited inducing blockage of VEGFmediated angiogenesis.Bevacizumab,in combination with chemotherapy or other novel targeted therapeutic agents,is currently used more frequently in clinical practice,mainly for managing advanced colorectal cancer.It is also used for managing other malignancies,such as breast cancer,pancreatic cancer,prostate cancer,non small-cell lung cancer,metastatic renal carcinoma and ovarian tumors.Although it is generally considered a safe treatment,there are reports of some rare side effects which should be taken into account.Recent experiments in rats and mice show promising results with a wider therapeutic range. | Efstathios T Pavlidis Theodoros E Pavlidis | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，31： | 24 |
| 10 | Suppression of P-gp induced multiple drug resistance in a drug resistant gastric cancer cell line by overexpression of Fas显示文摘AIM To observe the drug sensitizing effect andrelated mechanisms of fas gene transduction onhuman drug-resistant gastric cancer cellSGC7901/VCR(resistant to Vincristine).METHODS The cell cycle alteration wasobserved by FACS.The sensitivity of gastriccancer cells to apoptosis was determined by invitro apoptosis assay.The drug sensitization ofcells to several anti-tumor drugs was observedby MTT assay.Immunochemical method wasused to show expression of P-gp and Topo Ⅱ ingastric cancer cells.RESULTS Comparing to SGC7901 and pBK-SGC7901/VCR,fas-SGC7901/VCR showeddecreasing G2 cells and increasing S cells,theG2 phase fraction of pBK-SGC7901/VCR wasabout 3.0 times that of fas-SGC7901/VCR,but Sphase fraction of fas-SGC7901/VCR was about1.9 times that of pBK-SGC7901/VCR,indicatingS phase arrest of fas-SGC7901/VCR.FACS alsosuggested apoptosis of fas-SGC7901/VCR,fas-SGC7901/VCR was more sensitive to apoptosisinducing agent VM-26 than pBK-SGC7901/VCR.MTT assay showed increased sensitization offas-SGC7901/VCR to DDP,MMC and 5-FU,butsame sensitization to VCR according to pBK-SGC7901/VCR.SGC7901,pBK-SGC7901/ VCRand fas-SGC7901/VCR had positively stainedTopo Ⅱ equally.P-gp staining in pBK- SGC7901/VCR was stronger than in SG07901,but there was little staining of P-gp in fas.SGC7901/VCR.CONCLUSION fas gene transduction couldreverse the MDR of human drug-resistant gastriccancer cell SGC7901/VCR to a degree,possiblybecause of higher sensitization to apoptosis anddecreased expression of P-gp. | Yin F Shi YQ Zhao WP Xiao B Miao JY Fan DM | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，5： | 24 |
| 11 | endoscopic 以后后退 cholangiopancreatography 复杂并发症: 他们怎么能被避免?显示文摘 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) has a significant complication rate which can be lowered by adopting technical variations of proven beneficial effect and prophylactic maneuvers such as pancreatic stenting during ERCP or periprocedural non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration.However,adoption of these prophylactic maneuvers by endoscopists is not uniform.In this editorial we discuss the beneficial effects of the aforementioned maneuvers. | Juan J Vila Everson LA Artifon Jose Pinhata Otoch | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2012，4，6： | 21 |
| 12 | Neuroprotective effect of ethyl acetate extract from gastrodia elata against transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion显示文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of neuroprotection against transient focal cerebral ischemia of the extract from Tianma(Rhizoma Gastrodiae) and the possible mechanisms underlying the action.METHODS: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced through middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated,ischemia-reperfusion model, 102.6 mg/kg extract treated and 11.4 mg/kg extract treated groups. The extract was prepared from gastrodia elata with ethyl acetate. The effect of the extract tested on rat neurological de fi cits and Cerebral index, cerebral infarct volume, brain injury, terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) and B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) positive cells.RESULTS: The extract was able to reduce neurological scores, cerebral index and cerebral infarction rate. The brain injury was also relieved by the extract. The results of immunofluorescence staining analysis indicated that the extract increased the expression of Bcl-2 and reduced TUNEL-positive cells significantly in the extract treated groups.CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the extract relieved ischemic injury induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, and this neuroprotective effect might be partially due to the attenuated apoptosis pathway. | Duan Xiaohua Wang Weili Liu Xiaoqing Yan Hanwen Dai Rong Lin Qing | 2015 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2015，35，6： | 18 |
| 13 | Diabetes mellitus:An overview on its pharmacological aspects and reported medicinal plants having antidiabetic activity显示文摘Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but is a group of metabolic disorders affecting a huge numlier of population in the world.It is mainly characterized by chronic hyperglycemia,resulting from defects in insulin secretion or insulin action.It is predicated that the number of diabetes person in the world could reach upto 366 million by the year 2030.Even though the cases of diabetes are increasing day by day,except insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs no other way of treatment has been successfully developed so far.Thus,the objective of the present review is to provide an insight over the pathophysiological and etiological aspects of diabetes mellitus along with the remedies available for this metabolic disorder.The review also contains brief idea about diabetes mellitus and the experimental screening model with their relevant mechanism and significance mainly used nowadays.Alloxan and streptozotocin are mainly used for evaluating the antidiabetic activity of a particular drug.This review contain list of medicinal plants which have been tested for their antidiabetic activity in the alloxan induced diabetic rat model.From the available data in the literature,it was found that plant having antidiabetic activity is mainly due to the presence of the secondary metabolite.Thus,the information provided in this review will help the researchers for the development of an alternative methods rather than insidin and oral hypoglycemic agents for the treatment of diabetes niellitus,which will minimize the complication associated with the diabetes and related disorder. | Patel DK Kumar R Laloo D Hemalatha S | 2012 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2012，2，5： | 17 |
| 14 | Mitochondria-targeting drug conjugates for cytotoxic, anti-oxidizing and sensing purposes:current strategies and future perspectives显示文摘mitochondrial-targeting moieties to anticancer drugs, antioxidants and sensor molecules. Among them, the most widely applied mitochondrial targeting moiety is triphenylphosphonium(TPP), which is a delocalized cationic lipid that readily accumulates and penetrates through the mitochondrial membrane due to the highly negative mitochondrial membrane potential. Other moieties, including short peptides,dequalinium, guanidine, rhodamine, and F16, are also known to be promising mitochondrial targeting agents. Direct conjugation of mitochondrial targeting moieties to anticancer drugs, antioxidants and sensors results in increased cytotoxicity, anti-oxidizing activity and sensing activity, respectively,compared with their non-targeting counterparts, especially in drug-resistant cells. Although many mitochondria-targeted anticancer drug conjugates have been investigated in vitro and in vivo, further clinical studies are still needed. On the other hand, several mitochondria-targeting antioxidants have been analyzed in clinical phases I, II and III trials, and one conjugate has been approved for treating eye disease in Russia. There are numerous ongoing studies of mitochondria-targeted sensors. | Gantumur Battogtokh Yeon Su Choi Dong Seop Kang Sang Jun Park Min Suk Shim Kang Moo Huh Yong-Yeon Cho Joo Young Lee Hye Suk Lee Han Chang Kang | 2018 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2018，8，6： | 17 |
| 15 | 到用结构化的问询表的口头的抗病毒的肝炎 B 治疗的坚持的评估显示文摘 AIM:To assess adherence rates to nucleos(t)ide analogues(NUCs) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and determine factors associated with adherence.METHODS:The questionnaire study was conducted in the liver clinics at Concord Repatriation General Hospital.All patients who were currently taking one or more NUCs were asked to complete a structured,selfadministered 32-item questionnaire.Adherence was measured using visual analogue scales.The patient’s treating clinician was also asked to assess their patient’s adherence via a structured questionnaire.RESULTS:A total of 80 patients completed the questionnaire.Sixty six percent of the patients(n = 49) reported optimal adherence whilst 25(33.8%) graded their adherence to NUCs as suboptimal.Thirty four(43%) patients reported to have omitted taking their NUCs sometime in the past.Recent non-adherence was uncommon.Amongst the patients who reported skipping medications,the most common reason cited was 'forgetfulness'(n = 27,56.25%).Other common reasons included:ran out of medications(n = 5,10.42%),being too busy(n = 4,8.33%) and due to a change in daily routine(n = 5,10.42%).Patients who reported low adherence to other prescription pills were also more likely to miss taking NUCs(P = 0.04).Patients who were under the care of a language-discordant clinician were also more likely to report suboptimal adherence to NUCs(P = 0.04).CONCLUSION:Adherence rates were much less than that expected by the physician and has potential adverse affect on long term outcome.Communication and education appear central and strategies need to be implemented to improve ongoing adherence. | Leesa Giang Christian P Selinger Alice Unah Lee | 2012 | World Journal of Hepatology2012，4，2： | 16 |
| 16 | Bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection: Risk factors and preventive methods显示文摘Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) has become widely accepted as a standard method of treatment for superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms because it enables en block resection even for large lesions or fibrotic lesions with minimal invasiveness, and decreases the local recurrence rate. Moreover, specimens resected in an en block fashion enable accurate histological assessment. Taking these factors into consideration, ESD seems to be more advantageous than conventional endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR), but the associated risks of perioperative adverse events are higher than in EMR. Bleeding after ESD is the most frequent among these adverse events. Although post-ESD bleeding can be controlled by endoscopic hemostasis in most cases, it may lead to serious conditions including hemorrhagic shock. Even with preventive methods including administration of acid secretion inhibitors and preventive hemostasis, post-ESD bleeding cannot be completely prevented. In addition high-risk cases for post-ESD bleeding, which include cases with the use of antithrombotic agents or which require large resection, are increasing. Although there have been many reports about associated risk factors and methods of preventing post-ESD bleeding, many issues remain unsolved. Therefore, in this review, we have overviewed risk factors and methods of preventing post-ESD bleeding from previous studies. Endoscopists should have sufficient knowledge of these risk factors and preventive methods when performing ESD. | Yosuke Kataoka Yosuke Tsuji Yoshiki Sakaguchi Chihiro Minatsuki Itsuko Asada-Hirayama Keiko Niimi Satoshi Ono Shinya Kodashima Nobutake Yamamichi Mitsuhiro Fujishiro Kazuhiko Koike | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，26： | 16 |
| 17 | Neoadjuvant treatment of esophageal cancer显示文摘The management of esophageal cancer has been evolving over the past 30 years. In the United States, multimodality treatment combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) prior to surgical resection has come to be accepted by many as the standard of care, although debate about its overall effect on survival still exists, and rightfully so. Despite recent improvements in detection and treatment, the overall survival of patients with esophageal cancer remains lower than most solid tumors, which highlights why further advances are so desperately needed. The aim of this article is to provide a complete review of the history of esophageal cancer treatment with the addition of chemotherapy, RT, and more recently, targeted agents to the surgical management of resectable disease. | Nicholas P Campbell Victoria M Villaflor | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，30： | 16 |
| 18 | Current medical therapy of inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘INTRODUCTIONThe 1990’s have brought a significant promise and the hopefor a better and brighter future in the new millennium forpatients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).A betterunderstanding of the pathophysiology of IBD symptoms hasled to newer treatment modalities and streamlining oftherapy for specific subsets of patients. | Kiron M. Das Sherif A. Farag | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，4： | 16 |
| 19 | 入侵检测系统(IDS)的发展显示文摘入侵检测系统(IDS)是一种不同于防火墙的主动保护网络资源的网络安全系统,是防范网络攻击的最后一道防线,是其它安全措施的必要补充,在网络安全技术中起不可替代的作用。本文首先给出了入侵检测的概念,并从两个角度对IDS进行了分类,指出了评估IDS的主要性能指标,接着介绍了IDS的发展过程,之后分析了IDS的研究状况和研究热点以及目前的IDS存在的问题,最后展望了IDS发展的方向。 | 张晓芬 陈明奇 杨义先 | 2002 | 信息安全与通信保密2002，，3： | 16 |
| 20 | Systemic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma:Current status and future perspectives显示文摘The management of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has substantially changed in the past few decades,the introduction of novel therapies(such as sorafenib)have improved patient survival.Nevertheless,HCC remains the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Decision-making largely relies on evidencebased criteria,as showed in the US and European clinical practice guidelines,which endorse five therapeutic recommendations:resection;transplantation;radiofrequency ablation;chemoembolization;and sorafenib.Many molecularly targeted agents that inhibit angiogenesis,epidermal growth factor receptor,and mammalian target of rapamycin are at different stages of clinical development in advanced HCC.Future research should continue to unravel the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis and to identify key relevant molecular targets for therapeutic intervention.Identification and validation of potential surrogate and predictive biomarkers hold promise to individualize patient’s treatment to maximize clinical benefit and minimize the toxicity and cost of targeted agents. | Domenico Germano Bruno Daniele | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，12： | 16 |
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