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| 1 | Early infant male circumcision:Systematic review,risk-benefit analysis,and progress in policy显示文摘AIM To determine whether recent evidence-based United States polices on male circumcision(MC) apply to comparable Anglophone countries,Australia and New Zealand.METHODS Articles in 2005 through 2015 were retrieved from PubM ed using the keyword 'circumcision' together with 36 relevant subtopics.A further PubM ed search was performed for articles published in 2016.Searches of the EMBASE and Cochrane databases did not yield additional citable articles.Articles were assessed for quality and those rated 2+ and above according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Grading System were studied further.The most relevant andrepresentative of the topic were included.Bibliographies were examined to retrieve further key references.Randomized controlled trials,recent high quality systematic reviews or meta-analyses(level 1++ or 1+ evidence) were prioritized for inclusion.A risk-benefit analysis of articles rated for quality was performed.For efficiency and reliability,recent randomized controlled trials,metaanalyses,high quality systematic reviews and large welldesigned studies were used if available.Internet searches were conducted for other relevant information,including policies and Australian data on claims under Medicare for MC.RESULTS Evidence-based policy statements by the American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) support infant and later age male circumcision(MC) as a desirable public health measure.Our systematic review of relevant literature over the past decade yielded 140 journal articles that met our inclusion criteria.Together,these showed that early infant MC confers immediate and lifelong benefits by protecting against urinary tract infections having potential adverse long-term renal effects,phimosis that causes difficult and painful erections and 'ballooning' during urination,inflammatory skin conditions,inferior penile hygiene,candidiasis,various sexually transmissible infections in both sexes,genital ulcers,and penile,prostate and cervical cancer.Our risk-benefit analysis showed that benefits exceeded procedural risks,which are predominantly minor,by up to 200 to 1.We estimated that more than 1 in 2 uncircumcised males will experience an adverse foreskin-related medical condition over their lifetime.Wide-ranging evidence from surveys,physiological measurements,and the anatomical location of penile sensory receptors responsible for sexual sensation strongly and consistently suggested that MC has no detrimental effect on sexual function,sensitivity or pleasure.United States studies showed that early infant MC is cost saving.The evidence supporting early infant MC has further strengthened since the positive AAP and CDC reviews.CONCLUSION Affirmative MC policies are needed in Australia and New Zealand.Routine provision of accurate,unbiased education,and access in public hospitals,will maximize health and financial benefits. | Brian J Morris Sean E Kennedy Alex D Wodak Adrian Mindel David Golovsky Leslie Schrieber Eugenie R Lumbers David J Handelsman John B Ziegler | 2017 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Three-dimensional vortex organization in a high-Reynolds-number supersonic turbulent boundary layer显示文摘 | Elsinga G E Adrian R J Van Oudheusden B W | 2010 | J Fluid Mech2010，644，： | 1 |
| 3 | The role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF- beta) during ovarian follicular development in sheep 显示文摘 | JENNIFER L J ADRIAN H B KAREN L R | 2004 | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology2004，2，： | 1 |
| 4 | 1,4,20- pregnatien-3-one from soft coral 显示文摘 | Adrian J B Andrew H Brian W S etal | 1985 | Aust J Chem1985，38，： | 1 |
| 5 | Three-dimensional vortex organization in a high-Reynolds number supersonic turbulent boundary layer显示文摘 | Elsinga G E Adrian R J Van Oudheusden B W | 2010 | Journal of Fluid Mechanics2010，644，： | 1 |
| 6 | Metal deposition from a supported metal film using an excimer laser显示文摘 | Bobandy J Kim B F Adrian F J | 1986 | J Appl Phys1986，60，： | 1 |
| 7 | A study of the mechanism of metal deposition by the laser-induced forward transfer process显示文摘 | Adrian F J Bohandy J Kim B F | 1987 | J Vac Sci Technol1987，5，5： | 1 |
| 8 | A micropower low-distortion digital class-D amplifier based on an algorithmic pulse width modulator 显示文摘 | B H Gwee J S Chang V Adrian | 2005 | IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems h Regular Papers2005，52，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Impact of increasing resolution and a warmer climate on extreme weather from Northern Hemisphere extratropical cyclones显示文摘 | ADRIAN J C KEVIN I H LENNART O B | 2011 | Tellus A2011，63，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Metal deposition from a supported metal film using an excimer laser显示文摘 | Bohandy J Kim B F Adrian F J | 1986 | Journal of Applied Physics1986，60，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Absorption and emission spectra of an electron in a one-dimensional deep trap显示文摘 | GOURARY B S ADRIAN F J | 1960 | Solid State Phys1960，10，： | 1 |
| 12 | Identification of reference genes suitable for q RT-PCR in grapevine and application for the study of the expression of genes involved in pterostilbene synthesis显示文摘 | GAMM M HéLOIR M C KELLONIEMI J POINSSOT B WENDEHENNE D ADRIAN M | 2011 | Molecular Genetics and Genomics Molecular Genet Genomics2011，285，： | 1 |
| 13 | Response of cul- tured maize cell to (+) -abscisic acid, (-)- abscisic acid and their metabolites显示文摘 | John J B Adrian J C Nancy L | 1994 | Plant Physiol1994，106，： | 1 |
| 14 | A multianalyte ELISA for immunochemical screening of sulfonamide, fluoroquinolone and β-lactam antibiotics in milk samples using classselective bioreceptors显示文摘 | Adrian J Pinaeho D G Granier B | 2008 | Anal Bioanal Chem2008，391，： | 1 |
| 15 | A stable isotope study of microbial dolomite formation in the Coorong region, South Australia显示文摘 | DAVID W DAVID T W ADRIAN J B | 2007 | Chemical Geology2007，244，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Wormhole Attacks in Wireless Networks 显示文摘 | Yih C H Adrian P David B J | 2006 | IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications2006，24，2： | 1 |
| 17 | The role of transforming growth factor beta(TGF-beta) during ovarian follicular development in sheep显示文摘 | Jennifer L J Adrian H B Karen L R | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 18 | Timing of interplay between hydrothermal and surface fluids in the Navan Zn + Pb orebody, Ireland: Evidence from metal distribution trends,mineral textures, and δ^34 S analyses 显示文摘 | Robert J B John H A Adrian J B | 2002 | Economic Geology2002，97，： | 1 |
| 19 | Wormhole attacks in wireless networks显示文摘 | HU Yih-chun ADRIAN P DAVID B J | 2006 | IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications2006，24，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Large-and very-large-scale motions in channel and boundary-layer flows 显示文摘 | BALAKUMAR B J ADRIAN R J | 2007 | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences2007，365，1852： | 1 |
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