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| 1 | Hepatitis B and C virus-induced hepatitis: Apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response显示文摘AIM: To investigate the co-incidence of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response(UPR) in hepatitis B(HBV) and C(HCV) infected hepatocytes.METHODS: We performed immunofluorescence confocal microscopy on 10 liver biopsies from HBV and HCV patients and tissue microarrays of HBV positive liver samples. We used specific antibodies for LC3β, cleaved caspase-3, BIP(GRP78), and XBP1 to detect autophagy, apoptosis and UPR, respectively. AntiHCV NS3 and anti-HBs antibodies were also used to confirm infection. We performed triple blind counting of events to determine the co-incidence of autophagy(LC3β punctuate), apoptosis(cleaved caspase-3), and unfolded protein response(GRP78) with HBV and HCV infection in hepatocytes. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software for Windows(Version 16 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, United States). P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney test to compare incidence rates for autophagy, apoptosis, and UPR in HBV- and HCV-infected cells and adjacent noninfected cells.RESULTS: Our results showed that infection of hepatocytes with either HBV and HCV induces significant increase(P < 0.001) in apoptosis(cleavage of caspase-3), autophagy(LC3β punctate), and UPR(increase in GRP78 expression) in the HCV- and HBVinfected cells, as compared to non-infected cells of the same biopsy sections. Our tissue microarray immunohistochemical expression analysis of LC3β in HBV^(Neg) and HBV^(Pos) revealed that majority of HBVinfected hepatocytes display strong positive stainingfor LC3β. Interestingly, although XBP splicing in HBVinfected cells was significantly higher(P < 0.05), our analyses show a slight increase of XBP splicing was in HCV-infected cells(P > 0.05). Furthermore, our evaluation of patients with HBV and HCV infection based on stage and grade of the liver diseases revealed no correlation between these pathological findings and induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR.CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that HCV and HBV infection activates apoptosis, autophagy and UPR, but slightly differently by each virus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interconnections between these pathways in relation to pathology of HCV and HBV in the liver tissue. | Behzad Yeganeh Adel Rezaei Moghadam Javad Alizadeh Emilia Wiechec Seyed Moayed Alavian Mohammad Hashemi Bita Geramizadeh Afshin Samali Kamran Bagheri Lankarani Martin Post Payam Peymani Kevin M Coombs Saeid Ghavami | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，47： | 13 |
| 2 | Tuning of metal work function with self-assembled monolayers显示文摘 | Bert de B Afshin H Magda M M | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 3 | l,umican is a major pro- teoglycan component of the bone matrix 显示文摘 | Afshin R Bernhard G Chris M | 2005 | Matrix Biol2005，，14： | 1 |
| 4 | An approximate reliability e- valuation method for improving transportation network performance显示文摘 | Afshin S M Mohsen B | 2010 | Transport2010，25，2： | 1 |
| 5 | A music-based algorithm for blind user identification in muhiuser DS-CDMA显示文摘 | AFSHIN H Reza Soleymani M | 2005 | EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing2005，，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Multimodal Feeder network design problem: ant colony optimization approach 显示文摘 | Afshin S M Ali G | 2010 | Journal of Transportation Engineering2010，，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Metastasis of esophageal cancer to finger显示文摘 | Seyed-Reza M Afshin G Aram T | 2005 | Arch Iran Med2005，8，： | 1 |
| 8 | Mismatch compensation techniques using random data for time interleaved AD converters显示文摘 | AFSHIN H KENNETH W M | 2005 | IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement2005，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Effect of allogeneic Schwann cell trans-plantation on peripheral nerve regeneration显示文摘 | Paul F Mikael W | 2002 | Exp Neurol2002，173，： | 1 |
| 10 | Imaging of Cystic Masses of the Mediastinum1显示文摘 | Mi-Young Jeung M D Bernard Gasser M D Afshin Gangi M D | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Evaluation of early atherosclerotic findings in women with polycystic ovary syndrome显示文摘 | Afshin M Mohammadreza A Leila J | 2011 | J Ovarian Res2011，16，4： | 1 |
| 12 | CUX1 transcription factor is required for optimal ATM/ATR-mediated responses to DNA damage显示文摘 | Vadnais C Davoudi S Afshin M | | 0，，10： | 1 |
| 13 | Lumican is a major proteoglycan component of the bone matrix显示文摘 | Afshin R Bernhard G Chris M | 2002 | Matrix Biol2002，21，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in the Isfahan city population(aged 40 or over) in 1993显示文摘 | Amini M Afshin NF Bashardoost N | 1997 | Diabetes Res Clin Pract1997，38，： | 1 |
| 15 | Clinical outcome and follow-up of prenatal hydronephrosis 显示文摘 | Afshin SA Shohreh M | 2012 | Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl2012，23，3： | 1 |
| 16 | The effect of different rare earth elements content on microstructure, mechanical and wear behavior of Mg-Al-Zn alloy 显示文摘 | Kaveh M A Afshin M Farzad K | 2010 | Materials Science and Engineering :A2010，527，： | 1 |
| 17 | Pediatric urolithiasis an experience of a single center显示文摘 | Afshin SA Shohreh M | 2011 | Iranian J Kidney Diseases2011，5，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Effect of inlet geometry and heating on the fully developed friction factor in the transition region of a horizontal tube显示文摘 | Lap M T Afshin J G | 1997 | Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science1997，15，1： | 1 |
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