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| 1 | 骨科创伤患者深静脉血栓危险因素的研究显示文摘目的研究骨科创伤患者深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)的发生率,探讨骨科创伤患者DVT发生的危险因素。方法以2003年11月至2004年10月天津医院收治的新鲜四肢及骨盆骨折患者为研究对象,通过对不同年龄组患者的骨折类型、受伤机制、肿胀程度、既往DVT病史、手术及治疗方法等资料进行统计,并以3次彩色超声多普勒检查为诊断依据。需要手术的患者入院24h内进行第1次静脉多普勒检查,第2次和第3次检查分别在术前2d及术后7d;非手术患者3次检查分别在入院后24h、第5及14天。将需要分析的数据输入临床报告系统数据库1.1版,进行统计学分析及DVT发生率的流行病学分析。结果统计的547例患者中,平均年龄为39.6岁,DVT发生率为12.4%。以股骨干骨折DVT发生率为最高达30.6%,其次为髋部骨折15.7%,膝关节周围骨折14.5%,胫腓骨骨折10.8%。3个部位以上的多部位骨折患者DVT发生率为50%,单部位骨折患者DVT的发生率低于10%。超过半数的DVT(56.7%)发生于受伤3d之内。随着年龄增加DVT发生的风险也随之增大,年龄超过60岁患者的发病风险为184%。吸烟患者发生DVT的危险几乎是非吸烟患者的2倍。结论DVT在骨科创伤患者中具有一定的发生率,其年龄、病史、骨折部位、多发骨折及受伤距手术时间等均与DVT发生相关,须引起骨科临床医生的足够重视,并采取预防措施以降低肺栓塞的发生。 | 陆芸 马宝通 郭若霖 张建国 吴英华 庞贵根 辛景义 叶伟胜 邹玉安 王毅 董强 王学谦 Kerry H Paul C John F | 2007 | 中华骨科杂志2007，27，9： | 244 |
| 2 | Irritable bowel syndrome: A microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder?显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is an extremely prevalent but poorly understood gastrointestinal disorder. Consequently, there are no clear diagnostic markers to help diagnose the disorder and treatment options are limited to management of the symptoms. The concept of a dysregulated gut-brain axis has been adopted as a suitable model for the disorder. The gut microbiome may play an important role in the onset and exacerbation of symptoms in the disorder and has been extensively studied in this context. Although a causal role cannot yet be inferred from the clinical studies which have attempted to characterise the gut microbiota in IBS, they do confirm alterations in both community stability and diversity. Moreover, it has been reliably demonstrated that manipulation of the microbiota can influence the key symptoms, including abdominal pain and bowel habit, and other prominent features of IBS. A variety of strategies have been taken to study these interactions, including probiotics, antibiotics, faecal transplantations and the use of germ-free animals. There are clear mechanisms through which the microbiota can produce these effects, both humoral and neural. Taken together, these findings firmly establish the microbiota as a critical node in the gut-brain axis and one which is amenable to therapeutic interventions. | Paul J Kennedy John F Cryan Timothy G Dinan Gerard Clarke | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，39： | 20 |
| 3 | A long-form α-neurotoxin from cobra venom produces potent opioid-independent analgesia显示文摘Aim:In light of the antinociceptive activity of the short-chain neurotoxin,cobrotoxin,and other acetylcholine antagonists,the antinociceptive activity andmechanisms of cobratoxin(CTX),a long-chain postsynaptic α-neurotoxin,wasinvestigated in rodent pain models.Methods:CTX was administered intraperito-neally(30,45,68 μg/kg),intra-cerebral ventricularly(4.5 μg/kg)or microinjectedinto periaqueductal gray(PAG;4.5 μg/kg).The antinociceptive action was testedusing the hot-plate and acetic acid writhing tests m mice and rats.The involve-ment of the cholinergic system and opioid system in CTX-induced analgesia wasexamined by pretreatment of animals with atropine(0.5 mg/kg,im;or 10 mg/kg,ip)or naloxone(1 and 5 mg/kg,ip).The effect of CTX on motor activity was testedusing the Animex test.Results:CTX exhibited a dose-dependent analgesic ac-tion in mice as determined by both the hot-plate and acetic acid writhing tests.The peak effect of analgesia was seen 3 h after administration.In the mouse aceticacid writhing test,the intra-cerebral ventricular administration of CTX at 4.5 μg/kg(1/12th of a systemic dose)produced marked analgesic effects.Microinjection ofCTX(4.5 μgkg)into the PAG region did not elicit an analgesic action in rats in thehot-plate test.Atropine at 0.5 mg/kg(im)and naloxone at 1 and 5 mg/kg(ip)bothfailed to block the analgesic effects of CTX,but atropine at 10 mg/kg(ip)didantagonize the analgesia mediated by CTX in the mouse acetic acid writhing test.Acetylsalicylic acid(300 mg/kg)did not enhance the analgesic effects of CTX.Atthe highest effective dose of 68 μg/kg the neurotoxin did not change the sponta-neous mobility of mice.Conclusion:CTX has analgesic effects,which are medi-ated in the central nervous system though not through the PAG.The centralcholinergic system but not opioid system appears to be involved in theantinociceptive action of CTX. | Zhi-xin CHEN Hui-ling ZHANG Zhen-lun GU Bo-wen CHEN Rong HAN Paul F REID Laurence N RAYMOND Zheng-hong QIN | 2006 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2006，27，4： | 7 |
| 4 | Sporadic versus hereditary gastrinomas of the duodenum and pancreas: Distinct clinico-pathological and epidemiological features显示文摘Gastrinomas are defined as gastrin secreting tumors that are associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). ZES is characterized by elevated fasting gastrin serum levels, positive secretin stimulation test and clinical symptoms such as recurrent peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal re?ux disease and occasional diarrhea. Genetically, nonhereditary (sporadic) gastrinomas are distinguished from hereditary gastrinomas, which are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. In general, duodenal gastrinomas are small and solitary if they are sporadic and multiple as well as hereditary. The sporadic gastrinomas occur in the duodenum or in the pancreas while the hereditary gastrinomas almost all occur in the duodenum. Our series of 77 sporadic duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) includes 18 patients (23.4%) with gastrinomas and ZES. Of 535 sporadic NETs in the pancreas collected from the NET archives of the departments of pathology in Zürich, Switzerland, and Kiel, Germany, 24 patients (4.5%) suffered from sporadic pancreatic gastrinomas and ZES. These NETs have to be distinguished fromtumors with immunohistochemical positivity for gastrin but without evidence of ZES. An additional 19 patients suffered from MEN1 and ZES. These patients showed exclusively duodenal gastrinomas, but not pancreatic gastrinomas. The prognosis of sporadic and MEN1- associated duodenal gastrinomas is better than that of pancreatic gastrinomas, since they progress slowly to liver metastasis. In summary, sporadic and MEN1- associated gastrinomas in the duodenum and pancreas show different clinico-pathological and genetic features. The incidence of sporadic duodenal gastrin-producing tumors is increasing, possibly due to optimized diagnostic procedures. In contrast, pancreatic MEN1- associated gastrinomas seem to be extremely rare. A considerable subset of tumors with immunohistochemical expression of gastrin but without evidence of ZES should be designated as functionally inactive NETs expressing gastrin, but not as gastrinomas. | Martin Anlauf Nele Garbrecht Tobias Henopp Anja Schmitt Regina Schlenger Andreas Raffel Markus Krausch Oliver Gimm Claus F Eisenberger Wolfram T Knoefel Henning Dralle Paul Komminoth Philipp U Heitz Aurel Perren Günter Klppel | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，34： | 7 |
| 5 | Suppression of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis by cobratoxin显示文摘 | Yan-li LIU Hai-ming LIN Rong ZOU Jun-chao WU Rong HAN Laurence N RAYMOND Paul F REID Zheng-hong QIN | 2009 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2009，30，2： | 6 |
| 6 | High-density SNP-based genetic maps for the parents of an outcrossed and a selfed tetraploid garden rose cross, inferred from admixed progeny using the 68k rose SNP array显示文摘Dense genetic maps create a base for QTL analysis of important traits and future implementation of marker-assisted breeding.In tetraploid rose,the existing linkage maps include<300 markers to cover 28 linkage groups(4 homologous sets of 7 chromosomes).Here we used the 68k WagRhSNP Axiom single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array for rose,in combination with SNP dosage calling at the tetraploid level,to genotype offspring from the garden rose cultivar‘Red New Dawn’.The offspring proved to be not from a single bi-parental cross.In rose breeding,crosses with unintended parents occur regularly.We developed a strategy to separate progeny into putative populations,even while one of the parents was unknown,using principle component analysis on pairwise genetic distances based on sets of selected SNP markers that were homozygous,and therefore uninformative for one parent.One of the inferred populations was consistent with self-fertilization of‘Red New Dawn’.Subsequently,linkage maps were generated for a bi-parental and a self-pollinated population with‘Red New Dawn’as the common maternal parent.The densest map,for the selfed parent,had 1929 SNP markers on 25 linkage groups,covering 1765.5 cM at an average marker distance of 0.9 cM.Synteny with the strawberry(Fragaria vesca)genome was extensive.Rose ICM1 corresponded to F.vesca pseudochromosome 7(Fv7),ICM4 to Fv4,ICM5 to Fv3,ICM6 to Fv2 and ICM7 to Fv5.Rose ICM2 corresponded to parts of F.vesca pseudochromosomes 1 and 6,whereas ICM3 is syntenic to the remainder of Fv6. | Mirjana Vukosavljev Paul Arens Roeland E Voorrips Wendy P C van't Westende G D Esselink Peter M Bourke Peter Cox W Eric van de Weg Richard G F Visser Chris Maliepaard Marinus J M Smulders | 2016 | Horticulture Research2016，3，1： | 6 |
| 7 | Maintenance infliximab for Crohn’s disease: the ACCENT I randomised trial显示文摘 | Stephen B Hanauer Brian G Feagan Gary R Lichtenstein Lloyd F Mayer S Schreiber Jean Frederic Colombel Daniel Rachmilewitz Douglas C Wolf Allan Olson Weihang Bao Paul Rutgeerts | 2002 | The Lancet2002，，9317： | 6 |
| 8 | Involvement of cholinergic system in suppression ot formalin-induced inflammatory pain by cobratoxin显示文摘瞄准: 调查 cobratoxin (CTX ) 的止痛效果,长链的 α从泰国眼镜蛇恶意的神经毒素,在导致福尔马林的煽动性的疼痛的一个老鼠模型。 | Gao-na SHI Yan-li LIU Hai-ming LIN Shi-lin YANG Yu-lin Feng Paul F REID Zheng-hong QIN | 2011 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2011，32，10： | 6 |
| 9 | Visualization and quantification of water movement in porous cement-based materials by real time thermal neutron radiography:Theoretical analysis and experimental study显示文摘Water movement in porous cement-based materials is of great importance when studying their deterioration processes and durability.Many traditional methods based on mass changes,electricity or nuclear magnetic resonances are available for studying water transport in cement-based materials.In this research,an advanced technique i.e.thermal neutron radiography was utilized to achieve visualization and quantification of time dependent water movement including water penetration and moisture vapor in porous cement-based materials through theoretical analysis and experimental study.Because thermal neutrons ex-perience a strong attenuation by hydrogen,neutron radiography exhibits high sensitivity to small amounts of water.A neutron transmission analysis for quantitative evaluation of raw radiographic measurements was developed and optimized based on point scattered functions(PScF).The determinations of the real time and space dependent water penetration into uncracked and cracked mortar samples,as well as the drying process have been presented in this paper.It is illustrated that thermal neutron radiography can be a useful research tool for visualization and quantification of water movement in porous building materials.The obtained results will help us to better understand deteriorating processes of cement-based materials and to find ways to improve their durability. | ZHANG Peng1,WITTMANN F H1,2,ZHAO TieJun1,LEHMANN E3 & JIN ZuQuan1 1 Center for Durability & Sustainability Studies of Shandong Province,Qingdao Technological University,Qingdao 266033,China 2 Aedificat Institute Freiburg,Freiburg D-79100,Germany 3 Department of Spallation Neutron Source(ASQ),Paul Scherrer Institute,Villigen PSI CH-5232,Switzerland | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，5： | 6 |
| 10 | H_2-受体拮抗剂的药物经济学及其处方研究显示文摘本文综述了现有的抗溃疡药物,并估计在其中进行互换治疗方案的潜力。在市场上得到的三种H_2-受体拮抗剂(包括口服及非经口给药两种剂型)被认为有同等治疗效果。在改进医生处方习惯后,1988年一年中,医院节约约65000美元的费用,同时还减少了13000次的非经口给药,而使给药费用进一步降低。药学工作中,在不影响患者疗效的前提下,研究控制用药耗费的课题时,H_2-受体拮抗剂可作为考查费用-效果之间关系的一个有代表性的药物。 | Paul F 洪盈 | 1990 | 国外医学(药学分册)1990，17，4： | 5 |
| 11 | Adherence to surveillance guidelines for dysplasia and colorectal carcinoma in ulcerative and Crohn's colitis patients in the Netherlands显示文摘AIM: To study adherence to the widely accepted surveillance guidelines for patients with long-standing colitis in the Netherlands. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all 244 gastroenterologists in the Netherlands. RESULTS: The response rate was 63%. Of all gastroenterologists, 95% performed endoscopic surveillance in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 65% in patients with Crohn's colitis. The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) guidelines were followed by 27%, while 27% and 46% followed their local hospital protocol or no specific protocol, respectively. The surveillance was correctly initiated in cases of pancolitis by 53%, and in cases of left-sided colitis by 44% of the gastroenterologists. Although guidelines recommend 4 biopsies every 10 cm, less than 30 biopsies per colonoscopy were taken by 73% of the responders. Only 31%, 68% and 58% of the gastroenterologists referred patients for colectomy when low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or Dysplasia Associated Lesion or Mass (DALM) was present, respectively. CONCLUSION: Most Dutch gastroenterologists performendoscopic surveillance without following international recommended guidelines. This practice potentially leads to a decreased sensitivity for dysplasia, rendering screening for colorectal cancer in this population highly ineffective. | Anne F van Rijn Paul Fockens Peter D Siersema Bas Oldenburg | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，2： | 4 |
| 12 | 剪切带运动学:重点评述三斜模式和区分韧性滑动擦痕与拉伸线理的重要性显示文摘详细评述了剪切带运动学和内部几何学研究的新进展。剪切带内的递进变形一般为三斜对称,单斜剪切带(包括简单剪切带)是特例情形。理论模拟表明,如同许多天然剪切带中所见到的,在三斜剪切带中,拉伸线理的方位可从近水平到平行于倾向连续变化。过去一般将拉伸线理的方向当作剪切运动方向的做法是以简单剪切模式为基础的,不适合于一般剪切带。在三斜剪切带中,拉伸线理和剪切方向之间不存在简单关系。然而,C面上的韧性滑动擦痕平行于剪切方向发育,是剪切方向的可靠标志。因此,在剪切带运动学解释中区分韧性滑动擦痕与拉伸线理非常重要。 | 林寿发 姜大志 Paul F. Williams Shoufa LIN Dazhi JIANG Paul F WILLIAMS | 2007 | 地质通报2007，26，9： | 4 |
| 13 | Colonic stenting versus emergency surgery for acute left-sided malignant colonic obstruction: a multicentre randomised trial显示文摘 | Jeanin E van Hooft Willem A Bemelman Bas Oldenburg Andreas W Marinelli Martijn F Lutke Holzik Marina J Grubben Mirjam A Sprangers Marcel G Dijkgraaf Paul Fockens | 2011 | Lancet Oncology2011，，4： | 3 |
| 14 | Nat Genet:单基因突变导致过敏性皮炎的发生显示文摘最近,研究者们鉴定出了一类导致神经性皮炎发生的关键基因突变:CARDll。来自美国NIH过敏与传染病研究所的研究者们通过对四个没有血缘关系的患病家庭进行分析,发现了这一导致疾病产生的基因、 | Chi A Ma, Yuan Zhang, Michael A Weinreich, Jonathan J Lyons, Celeste G Nelson, Thomas DiMaggio, Kelly D Stone, Joshua D Milner Jeffrey R Stinson, Elisa Ruffo, Batsukh Dorjbal, Swadhinya Arjunaraja, Kelsey Voss, Andrew L Snow Jordan K Abbott, Pia J Hauk, Paul R Reynolds, Erwin W Gelfand Elisa Ruffo Salomé Glauzy, Natsuko Yamakawa, Eric Meffre Jennifer Stoddard, Julie Niemela, Sergio D Rosenzweig Yu Zhang, Helen F Matthews Joshua J McElwee Nina Jones Alejandro Palma, Matías Oleastro, Emma Prieto, Andrea R Bernasconi, Geronimo Dubra, Silvia Danielian, Jonathan Zaiat, Marcelo A Marti Brian Kim Megan A Cooper Neil Romberg | 2017 | 现代生物医学进展2017，17，27： | 3 |
| 15 | Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and overweight among adults in China显示文摘 | Dongfeng Gu Kristi Reynolds Xigui Wu Jing Chen Xiufang Duan Robert F Reynolds Paul K Whelton Jiang He | 2005 | 2005 (9468)2005，，9468： | 3 |
| 16 | Heterogeneity in mouse spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia lineages identifies markers of metaplastic progression显示文摘 | Victoria G Weis Josane F Sousa Bonnie J LaFleur Ki Taek Nam Jared A Weis Paul E Finke Nadia A Ameen James G Fox James R Goldenring | 2013 | Gut2013，，9： | 3 |
| 17 | Stratification of outcomes for mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma with peritoneal metastasis by histological grade显示文摘AIM To investigate the importance of a three-tiered histologic grade on outcomes for patients with mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma(MAA).METHODS Two hundred and sixty-five patients with MAA undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy were identified from a prospective database from 2004 through 2014. All pathology was reviewed by our gastrointestinal subspecialty pathologists and histological grade was classified as well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated. Survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression.RESULTS There were 201(75.8%) well-, 45(16.9%) moderatelyand 19(7.2%) poorly-differentiated tumors. Histological grade significantly stratified the 5-year overall survival(OS), 94%, 71% and 30% respectively(P < 0.001) as well as the 5-year disease-free survival(DFS) 66%, 21% and 0%, respectively(P < 0.001). Independent predictors of DFS included tumor grade(HR = 1.78, 95%CI: 1.21-2.63, P = 0.008), lymph node involvement(HR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.11-0.98, P < 0.02), previous surgical score(HR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.1-1.65, P = 0.03) and peritoneal carcinomatosis index(PCI)(HR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02-1.08, P = 0.002). Independent predictors of OS include tumor grade(HR = 2.79, 95%CI: 1.26-6.21, P = 0.01), PCI(HR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.03-1.16, P = 0.002), and complete cytoreduction(HR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.11-0.92, P = 0.03). Tumor grade and PCI were the only independent predictors of both DFS and OS. Furthermore, histological grade and lymphovascular invasion stratified the risk of lymph node metastasis into a low(6%) and high(40%) risk groups. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrates that moderately differentiated MAA have a clinical behavior and outcome that is distinct from well-and poorly-differentiated MAA. The threetier grade classification provides improved prognostic stratification and should be incorporated into patient selection and treatment algorithms. | Travis Edward Grotz Richard E Royal Paul F Mansfield Michael James Overman Gary N Mann Kristen Ashlee Robinson Karen A Beaty Safiea Rafeeq Auerlio Matamoros Michelle W Taggart Keith Francis Fournier | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2017，9，9： | 2 |
| 18 | Chronic antiepileptic drug use and functional network efficiency: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study显示文摘AIM To increase our insight in the neuronal mechanisms underlying cognitive side-effects of antiepileptic drug(AED) treatment.METHODS The relation between functional magnetic resonance-acquired brain network measures, AED use, and cognitive function was investigated. Three groups of patients with epilepsy with a different risk profile for developing cognitive side effects were included: A 'low risk' category(lamotrigine or levetiracetam, n=16), an 'intermediate risk' category(carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, or valproate, n=34) and a 'high risk' category(topiramate, n=5). Brain connectivity was assessed using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging and graph theoretical network analysis. The Computerized Visual Searching Task was used to measure central information processing speed, a common cognitive side effect of AED treatment. RESULTS Central information processing speed was lower in patients taking AEDs from the intermediate and high risk categories, compared with patients from the low risk category. The effect of risk category on global efficiency was significant(P < 0.05, ANCOVA), with a significantly higher global efficiency for patient from the low category compared with the high risk category(P < 0.05, post-hoc test). Risk category had no significant effect on the clustering coefficient(ANCOVA, P > 0.2). Also no significant associations between information processing speed and global efficiency or the clustering coefficient(linear regression analysis, P > 0.15) were observed. CONCLUSION Only the four patients taking topiramate show aberrant network measures, suggesting that alterations in functional brain network organization may be only subtle and measureable in patients with more severe cognitive side effects. | Tamar M van Veenendaal Dominique M IJff Albert P Aldenkamp Richard H C Lazeron Paul A M Hofman Anton J A de Louw Walter H Backes Jacobus F A Jansen | 2017 | World Journal of Radiology2017，9，6： | 2 |
| 19 | Future technology-enabled care for diabetes and hyperglycemia in the hospital setting显示文摘Patients with diabetes are increasingly common in hospital settings where optimal glycemic control remains challenging.Inpatient technology-enabled support systems are being designed,adapted and evaluated to meet this challenge.Insulin pump use,increasingly common in outpatients,has been shown to be safe among select inpatients.Dedicated pump protocols and provider training are needed to optimize pump use in the hospital.Continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)has been shown to be comparable to usual care for blood glucose surveillance in intensive care unit(ICU)settings but data on cost effectiveness is lacking.CGM use in non-ICU settings remains investigational and patient use of home CGM in inpatient settings is not recommended due to safety concerns.Compared to unstructured insulin prescription,a continuum of effective electronic medical record-based support for insulin prescription exists from passive order sets to clinical decision support to fully automated electronic Glycemic Management Systems.Relative efficacy and cost among these systems remains unanswered.An array of novel platforms are being evaluated to engage patients in technology-enabled diabetes education in the hospital.These hold tremendous promise in affording universal access to hospitalized patients with diabetes to effective self-management education and its attendant short/long term clinical benefits. | Alex Renato Montero Jeffrey S Dubin Paul Sack Michelle F Magee | 2019 | World Journal of Diabetes2019，10，9： | 2 |
| 20 | Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and overweight among adults in China显示文摘 | Dongfeng Gu Kristi Reynolds Xigui Wu Jing Chen Xiufang Duan Robert F Reynolds Paul K Whelton Jiang He | 2005 | The Lancet . 2005 (9468)2005，，9468： | 2 |
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