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1短暂性脑缺血发作的定义和评价:美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会卒中委员会、心血管外科和麻醉委员会、心血管放射学和介入委员会、心血管护理委员会和外周血管病跨学科委员会对医疗卫生专业人员发布的科学声明:美国神经病学学会确认该声明作为神经科医生继续教育工具的价值显示文摘本科学声明面向为短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attacks,TIA)患者提供医疗诊治的临床医生和相关医疗卫生人员。采用正规的证据复习方法对1990-2007年7月期间Medline数据库进行系统的文献检索,并运用证据表、汇总分析和病例资料的合并分析,对数据进行综合处理。本文支持以下基于组织学的TIA定义:局灶性脑、脊髓或视网膜缺血引起的短暂性神经功能障碍发作,且无急性脑梗死。TIA患者的近期卒中风险较高,可根据临床量表、血管影像学和磁共振弥散加权成像进行风险分层。诊断推荐包括:TIA患者应在发病24h内接受神经影像学评价,最好是应用包括弥散序列在内的MRI;应进行无创性颈部血管成像检查,最好是无创性颅内血管成像;对于未能确定血管病因的患者,TIA发病后应尽快进行心电图检查,也应考虑持续心电监测和超声心动图检查;应进行常规血液化验;对于发病72h内就诊并且ABCD^2评分≥3分(提示近期复发风险较高)或在门诊不能迅速完成诊断评价的TIA患者,应收入院治疗。J. Donald Easton Jeffrey L. Saver Gregory W. Albers Mark J. Alberts Seemant Chaturvedi Edward Feldmann Thomas S. Hatsukami Randall T. Higashida S. Claibome Johnston Chelsea S. Kidwell Helmi L. Lutsep Elaine Miller Ralph L. Sacco 李海峰 高翔(译) 2009国际脑血管病杂志2009,,9:86
2缺血性卒中患者的早期处理指南——美国卒中学会卒中委员会科学声明显示文摘1994年,美国心脏学会(AHA)卒中委员会委托一个专门研究小组撰写了急性缺血性卒中患者的处理指南[1].1996年,在静脉rtPA治疗急性缺血性卒中得到食品与药物管理局(FDA)批准后,这项指南又补充了一系列的推荐[2].曲东锋 陈兴洲 李宏建 倪长江 Harold P.Adams Jr Robert J.Adams Thomas Brott Gregory J.del Zoppo Anthony Furlan Larry B.Goldstein Robert L.Grubb Randall Higashida Chelsea Kidwell Thomas G.Kwiatkowski John R.Marler George J.Hadermenos 2003国外医学(脑血管疾病分册)2003,11,5:57
32018年急性缺血性卒中患者早期管理指南美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗专业人员制定的指南显示文摘背景和目的本指南旨在在单个文件中为治疗成年急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生提供最新全面的系列推荐意见。目标读者为院前急救人员、医生、综合医疗保健人员和医院管理人员。本指南将取代2013年版指南及其后续更新。方法写作组成员由美国心脏协会卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员任命,代表各领域的医学专家。严格遵循美国心脏协会的利益冲突原则。不允许写作组成员对存在企业利益关系的相关议题进行讨论或投票。所有推荐意见必须得到写作组成员的一致通过,除非企业利益关系妨碍了成员投票。由4名同行评议专家以及卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会和领导委员会成员对指南草案进行发布前评审。本指南采用了美国心脏病学学会/美国心脏协会2015年推荐意见分类和证据级别标准以及新版美国心脏协会指南格式。结果本指南详细介绍了院前医疗、紧急和急诊评估、静脉和血管内治疗以及院内管理,包括在发病后最初2周内启用的二级预防措施。本指南支持院前和院内卒中医疗系统的一体化概念。结论本指南基于目前可获得的最佳证据。然而,许多情况资料有限,迫切需要对急性缺血性卒中的治疗进行持续研究。William J. Powers Alejandro A. Rabinstein Teri Ackerson Opeolu M. Adeoye Nicholas C. Bambakidis Kyra Becker José Biller Michael Brown Bart M. Demaerschalk Brian Hoh Edward C. Jauch Chelsea S. Kidwell Thabele M. Leslie-Mazwi Bruce Ovbiagele Phillip A. Scott Kevin N. Sheth Andrew M. Southerland Deborah V. Summers David L. Tirschwell 徐加平 刘慧慧 张霞 石际俊 黄志超 尤寿江 郭志良 肖国栋 杜万良 曹勇军 2018国际脑血管病杂志2018,26,2:19
4成人缺血性卒中早期处理指南显示文摘本指南旨在对成年急性缺血性卒中患者评价和治疗各要素的现有证据做一回顾。目标读者是那些为发病后48h内的卒中患者提供治疗的内科医生和其他急诊医疗保健人员。另外,也包括向医疗保健政策制定者提供的信息。方法:专家小组成员由美国心脏协会(AHA)卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会任命,他们代表了来自不同领域的专家。专家小组以2003年后发表的报道为重点,对相关文献进行回顾,采用AHA卒中委员会的证据水平分级标准对证据进行分级并做出推荐。本声明经专家小组认可后,再由AHA科学顾问和协调委员会进行同行评议和正式批准。本指南打算在3年内做全面更新。结果:对急性缺血性卒中患者的处理仍然是多方面的,包括尚未在临床试验中进行过验证的一些医疗诊治方面。本声明包括从急诊医疗服务人员开始接触患者到入院初期处理的推荐意见。静脉重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂仍然是已得到证实的最有效的卒中急诊治疗干预方法。包括动脉应用溶栓药和机械介入在内的一些方法显示出希望。因为许多推荐是在有限的证据基础上做出的,因此需要对急性缺血性卒中的治疗进行更多的研究。Harold P. Adams Gregory del Zoppo Mark J. Alberts Deepak L. Bhatt Lawrence Brass Anthony Furlan Robert L. Grubb Randall T. Higashida Edward C. Jauch Chelsea Kidwell Patrick D. Lyden Lewis B. Morgenstern Adnan I. Qureshi Robert H. Rosenwasser Phillip A. Scott Eelco F.M. Wijdicks 李焰生(译) 熊昕丽(译) 林岩(译) 沈沸(译) 俞羚(译) 邹静(译) 张静芳(译) 孙亚蒙(译) 周洁茹(译) 蒋仙国(译) 陈莺(译) 2007国际脑血管病杂志2007,15,6:18
52019年急性缺血性卒中患者早期管理指南:针对2018年急性缺血性卒中早期管理指南的更新美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗专业人员制定的指南显示文摘背景和目的本指南旨在在单个文件中为治疗急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生提供最新的全面系列推荐意见。目标读者为院前急救人员、医生、综合医疗保健人员以及医院管理人员。本指南将取代2013年版急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)指南,同时也是对2018年版AIS指南的更新。方法写作组成员由美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会任命,代表各领域的医学专家。写作组成员不得对存在企业利益关系的相关议题进行讨论或投票。对2013年版AIS指南的更新最初于2018年1月发表,该版指南已经过AHA科学咨询与协调委员会以及AHA执行委员会批准。2018年4月,在删除部分推荐意见后,该指南的修订版在AHA网站上在线发表。要求写作组审查原始文件并在必要时进行修订。2018年6月,写作组提交了一份经过细微更改并纳入新近发表的重要随机对照试验(受试者数量>100名且具有AIS发病后至少90 d的临床转归)的文件。经过14位专家进行同行评议后,写作组根据同行评议专家的意见进行了适当修改。目前的最终文件已经过写作组全体成员(除非企业利益关系妨碍了成员投票)以及AHA管理机构批准。本指南采用了美国心脏病学学会/AHA 2015年推荐意见分类和证据级别标准以及新版AHA指南格式。结果本指南详细介绍了院前医疗、紧急和急诊评估、静脉和血管内治疗以及院内管理,包括在发病后最初2周内启用的二级预防措施。本指南支持院前和院内卒中医疗系统的一体化概念。结论本指南基于现有证据提供了总体推荐意见,用于指导治疗成年急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生。然而,许多情况资料有限,迫切需要对AIS的治疗进行持续研究。William J.Powers Alejandro A.Rabinstein Teri Ackerson Opeolu M.Adeoye Nicholas C.Bambakidis Kyra Becker Jose Biller Michael Brown Bart M.Demaerschalk Brian Hoh Edward C.Jauch Chelsea S.Kidwell Thabele M.Leslie-Mazwi Bruce Ovbiagele Phillip A.Scott Kevin N.Sheth Andrew M.Southerl Deborah V.Summers Tirschwell 徐加平(译) 庄圣(译) 郭志良(译) 黄志超(译) 尤寿江(译) 刘慧慧(译) 张霞(译) 石际俊(译) 肖国栋(译) 曹勇军(译) 刘春风(译) 2020国际脑血管病杂志2020,28,1:18
6生活方式干预对心血管疾病危险因素的影响——美国HELPS项目成果显示文摘心血管疾病(CVD)一直是全世界最主要的死因。由于CVD等慢性疾病对健康的威胁越来越大,有必要开展生活方式干预项目以控制这些疾病的危险因素。本研究的目的是评估美国的重要慢病干预项目—HELPS治疗型生活方式改变(TLC)项目对减少CVD危险因素和其他慢性疾病的有效性。方法:140位大学教职工参加为期12周的HELPS TLC项目,干预前后用配对t检验对其体重、BMI、腰围(WC)、6分钟步行距离(6MWD)、空腹血脂和血糖进行测定和比较。结果:干预后,6MWD显著增加,总胆固醇(TC)和WC显著下降。对'高危'参与者进一步分析显示:BMI(-1.5±0.5,-3.9%)、TC(-22.8±4.0,-9.0%)、LDL(-14.1±4.9,9.3%)和血糖(-6.9±2.2,-6.1%)均显著下降;男性腰围(-4.5±0.8,-10%)显著减小,女性未见显著改变(-1.5±0.5,-4.0%)。此外,体重的变化与TC(r=0.43)、LDL(r=0.35)和血糖(r=0.44)的变化均显著相关。结论:参加12周的生活方式干预项目可以使CVD危险因素减少,特别是在CVD'高危'个体中。HELPS TLC项目的远期效果还待进一步深入研究。Peter H.Brubaker 罗曦娟 Chelsea Boltja Shuchang Du 2017北京体育大学学报2017,40,6:7
7Molecular Evolution of VEF-Domain-Containing PcG Genes in Plants显示文摘Arabidopsis VERNALIZATION2 (VRN2 ) ,胚胎的 FLOWER2 (EMF2 ) ,和授精无关的 SEED2 (FIS2 ) 分别地涉及调停开花结实促进法的 flowering,植物的发展,和种子开发。和 Arabidopsis VEF-L36,他们分享在植物和动物被保存的一个 VEF 领域。调查 VEF-domain-containing 基因(VEF 基因) 的进化,我们越过陆地植物分析了与 VEF 基因有关的序列。迄今为止,从 11 个被子植物家庭的 24 个全身的序列和从另外一个的 54 个部分序列九个家庭被识别。全身的序列的多数识别了分享最大的顺序类似与并且作为 Arabidopsis EMF2 拥有一样的主要领域结构。象 EMF2 一样序列在被子植物之中是普遍的不仅,但是也在裸子植物, lycophyte,和苔藓的 genomic 序列被发现。没有 FIS2-L36-like 或 VEF-L36-like 序列从除 Arabidopsis 以外的植物被恢复,从整个染色体为被定序的米饭和白杨包括。全身的序列的种系发生的分析在密切相关的 taxa 的 EMF2 相当或相同的事物显示出氨基酸顺序保存的高度。当 clade 在更大的 EMF2 clade 以内嵌套, VRN2 相当或相同的事物被恢复。FIS2 和 VEF-L36 在 VRN2 clade 被恢复。VRN2 clade 可能从在 eurosid 的分叉以前发生在 rosids 的一个 EMF2 复制事件演变我和 eurosid II 系。我们建议在染色体进化的动态变化贡献 VEF-domain-containing 基因的家庭的产生。VEF 领域的种系发生的分析独自显示出序列继续根据种类关系发展后面的 EMF2/VRN2 分叉的那 VEF。在动物并且越过陆地植物的象 EMF2 一样序列的存在建议 EMF2 的一种原型形式在植物和动物系的分叉以前是在场的。A 建议了事件的顺序,基于领域组织和在整个被子植物的中间的序列的出现,能从一个象 EMF2 一样祖先的序列向 VRN2 解释进化,祖先的 EMF2 的可能后面的复制。可得到的数据进一步建议 VEF-L36 和 FIS2 从一个象 VRN2 一样祖先的序列被导出。因此,在一个染色体的 VEF-L36 和 FIS2 的存在可能最终依赖于一个象 VRN2 一样序列的存在。Ling-Jing Chen Zhao-Yan Diao Chelsea Specht Z. Renee Sung 2009Molecular Plant2009,2,4:6
8Two Poplar Glycosyltransferase Genes, PdGATL 1.1 and PdGATL1.2, Are Functional Orthologs to PARVUS/AtGATL 1 in Arabidopsis显示文摘包括 PARVUS/AtGATL1,在 Arabidopsis 的几基因在木聚糖合成被含有。然而,在这多糖是木头的一个主要部件的地方,在木质的植物的木聚糖的生合成糟糕被理解。这里,我们描绘二 Populus 基因, PdGATL1.1 和 PdGATL1.2,最靠近的 orthologs 到 Arabidopsis PARVUS/GATL1 基因关于他们在白杨的基因表示,他们在 Arabidopsis 补充 parvus 变化的亚 cellular 本地化,和他们的能力。包括词法变化,在缺点的救的大多数由 parvus 变化引起了的 parvus 异种的二白杨基因的 Overexpression 折叠木部,并且改变了房间墙 monosaccharide 作文。量的 RTPCR 证明 PdGATL1.1 在开发白杨的木部最强烈被表示。相反, PdGATL1.2 在叶,射击尖端,外皮,韧皮部,和木部更一致地被表示,并且 PdGATL1.2 的抄本水平是比在检验的所有纸巾的 PdGATL1.1 的低得多的。亚 cellular 本地化实验证明这二蛋白质对局部性嗯并且与到这些亚 cellular 分隔空间的标记蛋白质居民比较的 Golgi。我们的数据显示 PdGATL1.1 和 PdGATL1.2 是 PARVUS/GATL1 的功能的 orthologs 并且能在木聚糖合成起一个作用,但是可以也在另外的墙聚合物的合成有角色。Yingzhen Kong Gongke Zhou Utku Avci Xiaogang Gu Chelsea Jones Yanbin Yin Ying Xu Michael G. Hahn 2009Molecular Plant2009,2,5:6
92024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities显示文摘Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across studies.The original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health guidelines.Methods:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 years.Using a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since 2011.We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible.Results:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers.We added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults.We added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major Headings.Conclusion:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health technologies.The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at http://gffzz09a845152db44f16sv6095xufvxvv69n5.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn.Stephen D.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht John M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghui Cai Minghui Quan Catrine Tudor-Locke Melicia C.Whitt-Glover David R. Jacobs Jr. 2024Journal of Sport and Health Science2024,13,1:4
10重症监护室内患者睡眠的自评和护士评估:一项探索性描述研究显示文摘目的:描述ICU患者的睡眠自评报告,检测患者的睡眠自评报告和床旁护士的睡眠评估报告之间的关系;描述患者建议的促进睡眠的对策。方法:对2014-2015年间连续纳入的能进行交流的成年患者,进行了探索性描述研究。患者睡眠情况采用理查兹-坎贝尔(Richards-Campbell)睡眠问卷(评分范围为0~100 mm;得分越高,表明睡眠质量越好)进行自评,同时护士以5级递进形式记录患者睡眠情况,进行评估。要求患者每日描述辅助或妨碍睡眠的因素。研究已获得伦理委员会批准。进行描述性统计分析[中位数(四分位间距)];用Spearman等级相关分析相关关系,用Kruskal-Wallis检验进行差异检验;P<0.05时,认为差异有显著性。结果:151名受试者纳入研究,年龄为60(46~71)岁,ICU停留时间为4(2~9)天,完成了356份睡眠自评报告。自我感知的睡眠质量为46(26~65)mm。睡眠的患者自评和护士评估之间存在中度相关(Spearman等级相关系数为0.39~0.50;P<0.001)。经患者认可的改善睡眠的对策包括适当的止痛和镇静药物,平和舒适的环境,以及集群护理、耳塞等物理措施。结论:患者在ICU期间,完成睡眠自评的中位数为2(1~3)日,表明常规使用自评是可行的。自评报告显示患者的睡眠质量低。在患者自评的多种辅助或妨碍睡眠的因素中,环境因素和影响患者舒适度的因素是最常见的。应实施针对这些因素的干预,以改善患者睡眠状况。Leanne M.Aitken Rosalind Elliott Marion Mitchell Chelsea Davis Bonnie Macfarlane Amanda Ullman Krista Wetzig Ashika Datt Sharon McKinley 2017中国护理管理2017,17,4:3
11Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older显示文摘Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older adults.MET values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older adults.Results:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 PAs.From these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MET_(60+)values for older adults.We developed a website to present the OA Compendium MET_(60+)values:http://gffzz20a12edcdf3c446fsv6095xufvxvv69n5.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cnThe OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older adults.It is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find MET_(60+)values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.Erik A.Willis Stephen D.Herrmann Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht Tiago V.Barreira John M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghua Cai Minghui Quan Scott A.Conger Wendy J.Brown Barbara E.Ainsworth 2024Journal of Sport and Health Science2024,13,1:3
12Secondary prevention medication persistence and prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack显示文摘Introduction The risk of disability and mortality is high among recurrent stroke,which highlights the importance of secondary prevention measures.We aim to evaluate medication persistence for secondary prevention and the prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack(TIA)in China.Methods Patients with acute ischaemic stroke or TIA from the China National Stroke Registry II were divided into 3 groups based on the percentage of persistence in secondary prevention medication classes from discharge to 3 months after onset(level I:persistence=0%,level II:0%Lei Zhang Junfeng Shi Yuesong Pan Zixiao Li Hongyi Yan Chelsea Liu Wei Lv Xia Meng Yongjun Wang 2021Stroke & Vascular Neurology2021,6,3:3
13Characterization of gut microbiomes in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients: A connection between endogenous alcohol and NASH显示文摘Lixin Zhu Susan S. Baker Chelsea Gill Wensheng Liu Razan Alkhouri Robert D. Baker Steven R. Gill 2013Hepatology2013,,2:3
14Experimental models of metabolic and alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a multi-systemic disease that is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome(MetS).Because alcohol consumption in NAFLD patients is common,there is a significant overlap in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Indeed,MetS also significantly contributes to liver injury in ALD patients.This“syndrome of metabolic and alcoholic steatohepatitis”(SMASH)is thus expected to be a more prevalent presentation in liver patients,as the obesity epidemic continues.Several pre-clinical experimental models that couple alcohol consumption with NAFLDinducing diet or genetic obesity have been developed to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of SMASH.These models indicate that concomitant MetS and alcohol contribute to lipid dysregulation,oxidative stress,and the induction of innate immune response.There are significant limitations in the applicability of these models to human disease,such as the ability to induce advanced liver injury or replicate patterns in human food/alcohol consumption.Thus,there remains a need to develop models that accurately replicate patterns of obesogenic diet and alcohol consumption in SMASH patients.Delfin Gerard Buyco Jasmin Martin Sookyoung Jeon Royce Hooks Chelsea Lin Rotonya Carr 2021World Journal of Gastroenterology2021,27,1:2
15Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in the Culinary Ginger (Zingiber officinale): An Effective Mechanism for Down-Regulating Gene Expression in Tropical Monocots显示文摘导致病毒的基因 silencing (VIGS ) 被显示了有效为短暂在植物到的基因表示击倒在开发和压力相关的回答分析特定的基因的效果。VIGS 很好在 Solanaceae, Brassicaceae, Leguminaceae,和 Poaceae 以内为模型系统和庄稼的研究被建立,但是仅仅最近被用于住在这些家庭外面的植物。这里,我们证明了那个大麦条纹马赛克病毒(BSMV ) 能在 Zingiberaceae 以内感染二种,并且那 BSMVVIGS 能被用于明确地在厨房的生姜姜 officinale 的下面调整 phytoene desaturase。这些结果建议到除谷物以外的 monocots 的 BSMVVIGS 的扩展为许多重要适度、热带的庄稼种类的指导基因分析有潜力。Tanya Renner Jennifer Bragg Heather E. Driscoll Juliana Cho Andrew O. Jackson Chelsea D. Specht 2009Molecular Plant2009,2,5:2
16Image-guided endoscopic evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage显示文摘Chad M. Miller Paul Vespa Jeffrey L. Saver Chelsea S. Kidwell Stanley T. Carmichael Jeffry Alger John Frazee Sid Starkman David Liebeskind Valeriy Nenov Robert Elashoff Neil Martin 2008Surgical Neurology2008,,5:2
17Screening colonoscopy:The present and the future显示文摘In the United States,colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of mortality in men and women.We are now seeing an increasing number of patients with advanced-stage diagnosis and mortality from colorectal cancer before 50 years of age,which requires earlier screening.With the increasing need for CRC screening through colonoscopy,and thus endoscopists,easier and simpler techniques are needed to train proficient endoscopists.The most widely used approach by endoscopists is air insufflation colonoscopy,where air distends the colon to allow visualization of the colonic mucosa.This technique is uncomfortable for patients and requires an anesthetist to administer sedation.In addition,patients commonly complain about discomfort post-op as air escapes into the small bowel and cannot be adequately removed.Current research into the use of water insufflation colonoscopies has proved promising in reducing the need for sedation,decreasing discomfort,and increasing the visibility of the colonic mucosa.Future direction into water insufflation colonoscopies which have shown to be simpler and easier to teach may increase the number of proficient endoscopists in training to serve our aging population.Chelsea V Hayman Dinesh Vyas 2021World Journal of Gastroenterology2021,27,3:2
18Predicators of hemorrhagic transformation in patients receiving intraarterial thromboloysis显示文摘Chelsea S Kiddell Jeffrey L Saver Joaqnin Carnendo 2002Stroke2002,33,:2
19Novel pharmacological therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus with established cardiovascular disease: Current evidence显示文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs) remain the leading cause of death in the world and in most developed countries. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)suffer from both microvascular and macrovascular diseases and therefore have higher rates of morbidity and mortality compared to those without T2DM. If current trends continue, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 1 in 3 Americans will have T2DM by year 2050. As a consequence of the controversy surrounding rosiglitazone and the increasing prevalence of diabetes and CVDs, in 2008 the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) established new expectations for the evaluation of new antidiabetic agents, advising for pre and,in some cases, post-marketing data on major cardiovascular events. As a direct consequence, there has been a paradigm shift in new antidiabetic agents that has given birth to the recently published American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes consensus statement recommending sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT2i) and glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RA) in patients with T2DM and established CVD. As a result of over a decade of randomized placebo controlled cardiovascular outcome trials, the aforementioned drugs have received FDA approval for risk reduction of cardiovascular(CV) events in patients with T2DM and established CV disease.SGLT2i have been shown to have a stronger benefit in patients with congestiveheart failure and diabetic kidney disease when compared to their GLP-1RA counterparts. These benefits are not withstanding additional considerations such as cost and the multiple FDA Black Box warnings. This topic is currently an emerging research area and this mini-review paper examines the role of these two novel classes of drugs in patients with T2DM with both confirmed, and at risk for, CVD.Leonardo Pozo Fatimah Bello Andres Suarez Francisco E Ochoa-Martinez Yamely Mendez Chelsea H Chang Salim Surani 2019World Journal of Diabetes2019,10,5:2
20Identifying Stroke in the Field Prospective Validation o{ the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen显示文摘Chelsea S Kidwell Sidney Starkman Marc Eckstein 2000Stroke2000,31,:1
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