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| 1 | 美国临床肿瘤学会IV期非小细胞肺癌化疗的临床实践指南更新显示文摘本文旨在为IV期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗提供更新版推荐。本文资料检索源自2002年以来公布的相关随机试验文献。此指南范围限于化疗与生物治疗。更新委员会对这些文献进行了总结并提供了推荐更新。162篇文献符合标准被纳入参考。本推荐基于可改善总生存期的治疗方法。仅改善无进展生存期的治疗方法推动了对毒性及生存质量的监测。对于体力状态评分为0分或1分患者的一线治疗,可推荐以铂类为基础的细胞毒性药物的两药联用。对铂类治疗有禁忌的患者,可采用非铂类细胞毒性两药联合。对于体力状态评分为2分的患者,单一细胞毒性药物即可。对于疾病进展或经过4个周期的治疗仍对治疗无反应的患者,应停止一线细胞毒性化疗。即使在6个周期后患者对治疗仍有反应,亦应停止两药细胞毒性化疗。对于伴有明确的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变的患者,可推荐一线采用吉非替尼治疗;对于EGFR突变为阴性或不明确的患者,细胞毒性化疗更佳。除具有特定临床特征的患者外,可推荐贝伐单抗与卡铂-紫杉醇联用。对于通过免疫组化证实EGFR阳性的肿瘤患者,可推荐西妥昔单抗与顺铂-长春瑞滨联用。多西紫杉醇、厄洛替尼、吉非替尼或培美曲塞被推荐作为二线治疗。对于未曾接受过厄洛替尼或吉非替尼治疗的患者,可推荐厄洛替尼作为三线治疗。现有数据不足以推荐常规三线采用细胞毒性药物。已有的证据也不足以推荐常规应用分子标记物选择化疗。 | Christopher G. AZZOLI Sherman Baker JR Sarah TEMIN William PAO Timothy ALIFF Julie BRAHMER David H. JOHNSON Janessa L. LASKIN Gregory MASTERS Daniel MILTON Luke NORDQUIST David G. PFISTER Steven PIANTADOSI Joan H. SCHILLER Reily SMITH Thomas J. SMITH John R. STRAWN David TRENT Giuseppe GIACCONE 丁燕(翻译) 南娟(翻译) 刘谦(翻译) 周清华(校对) 陈军(校对) | 2010 | 中国肺癌杂志2010，13，3： | 43 |
| 2 | Acupuncture's Role in Solving the Opioid Epidemic: Evidence, Cost-Effectiveness, and Care Availability for Acupuncture as a Primary, Non-Pharmacologic Method for Pain Relief and Management-White Paper 2017显示文摘The United States(U.S.) is facing a national opioid epidemic, and medical systems are in need of nonpharmacologic strategies that can be employed to decrease the public's opioid dependence. Acupuncture has emerged as a powerful, evidence-based, safe, cost-effective, and available treatment modality suitable to meeting this need. Acupuncture has been shown to be effective for the management of numerous types of pain conditions, and mechanisms of action for acupuncture have been described and are understandable from biomedical, physiologic perspectives. Further, acupuncture's cost-effectiveness can dramatically decrease health care expenditures, both from the standpoint of treating acute pain and through avoiding addiction to opioids that requires costly care, destroys quality of life, and can lead to fatal overdose. Numerous federal regulatory agencies have advised or mandated that healthcare systems and providers offer non-pharmacologic treatment options for pain. Acupuncture stands out as the most evidence-based, immediately available choice to fulfil these calls. Acupuncture can safely, easily, and cost-effectively be incorporated into hospital settings as diverse as the emergency department, labor and delivery suites, andneonatal intensive care units to treat a variety of commonly seen pain conditions. Acupuncture is already being successful y and meaningfully utilized by the Veterans Administration and various branches of the U.S. Military, in some studies demonstrably decreasing the volume of opioids prescribed when included in care. | arthur yin fan david w.miller bonnie bolash matthew bauer john mcdonald sarah faggert hongjian he yong ming li amy matecki lindy camardella mel hopper koppelman jennifer a.m.stone lindsay meade john pang | 2017 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2017，15，6： | 29 |
| 3 | The utility of point-of-care ultrasound in the assessment of volume status in acute and critically ill patients显示文摘BACKGROUND:Volume resuscitation has only been demonstrated to be effective in approximately fifty percent of patients.The remaining patients do not respond to volume resuscitation and may even develop adverse outcomes(such as acute pulmonary edema necessitating endotracheal intubation).We believe that point-of-care ultrasound is an excellent modality by which to adequately predict which patients may benefi t from volume resuscitation.DATA RESOURCES:We performed a search using PubMed,Scopus,and MEDLINE.The following search terms were used:fluid responsiveness,ultrasound,non-invasive,hemodynamic,fluid challenge,and passive leg raise.Preference was given to clinical trials and review articles that were most relevant to the topic of assessing a patient’s cardiovascular ability to respond to intravenous fl uid administration using ultrasound.RESULTS:Point-of-care ultrasound can be easily employed to measure the diameter and collapsibility of various large vessels including the inferior vena cava,common carotid artery,subclavian vein,internal jugular vein,and femoral vein.Such parameters are closely related to dynamic measures of fluid responsiveness and can be used by providers to help guide fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients.CONCLUSION:Ultrasound in combination with passive leg raise is a non-invasive,costand time-effective modality that can be employed to assess volume status and response to fluid resuscitation.Traditionally sonographic studies have focused on the evaluation of large veins such as the inferior vena cava,and internal jugular vein.A number of recently published studies also demonstrate the usefulness of evaluating large arteries to predict volume status. | Ali Pourmand Matthew Pyle David Yamane Kazi Sumon Sarah E.Frasure | 2019 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2019，10，4： | 18 |
| 4 | What is artificial meat and what does it mean for the future of the meat industry?显示文摘The meat industry cannot respond to increases in demand by ever increasing resource use. The industry must find solutions to issues regarding animal welfare, health and sustainability and will have to do so in the face of competition from emerging non-traditional meat and protein products in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. These novel meat and protein products, otherwise known as ‘artificial meat' are utilising ground breaking technologies designed to meet the issues facing the conventional meat industry. These artificial meats, in vitro or cultured meat and meat from genetically modified organisms have no real capacity to compete with conventional meat production in the present environment. However, meat replacements manufactured from plant proteins and mycoproteins are currently the biggest competitors and are gaining a small percentage of the market. Manufactured meats may push conventional meat into the premium end of the market, and supply the bulk, cheap end of the market if conventional meat products become more expensive and the palatability and versatility of manufactured meats improve. In time the technology for other artificial meats such as meat from genetic modified organisms or cultured meat may become sufficiently developed for these products to enter the market with no complexity of the competition between meat products. Conventional meat producers can assimilate agroecology ecology concepts in order to develop sustainable animal production systems. The conventional meat industry can also benefit from assimilating biotechnologies such as cloning and genetic modification technologies, using the technology to adapt to the changing environment and respond to the increasing competition from artificial meats. Although it will depend at least partly on the evolution of conventional meat production, the future of artificial meat produced from stem cells appears uncertain at this time. | Sarah P F Bonny Graham E Gardner David W Pethick Jean-Franois Hocquette | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，2： | 15 |
| 5 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 6 | The exploitation of epichloae endophytes for agricultural benefit显示文摘Epichloae endophytes of family Clavicipitaceae(comprising genera Epichloëand Neotyphodium)are fungal symbionts of Pooideae grasses.The associations formed,range from mutually beneficial to antagonistic and the nature of this relationship is dependent upon the importance of vertical(via host seeds)versus horizontal(ascospore mediated)transmission of the fungus.These endophytes can enhance their hosts’survival through protection from abiotic and biotic stresses and can thus be utilized in an agricultural context.Animal-safe grass-endophyte associations that confer bio-protective properties for increased pasture persistence and productivity have been developed and commercialized.One of the crucial drivers underpinning the selection of epichloae strains for commercial development is endophyte derived bioactivity.The potential of next generation endophytes is determined by testing a number of attributes such as agronomic fitness,animal and food safety as well as compatibility with host plants of interest.Strategic research supports these activities by focusing on elucidating mechanisms of compatibility between host and fungal symbiont,as well as investigating other molecular drivers of symbiosis such as siderophore mediated iron-uptake,fungal signalling,fungal growth in host plants and fungal secondary metabolism.This review weaves together the different strands of multidisciplinary research aimed at ultimately exploiting epichloae endophytes for increased pasture performance. | Linda J.Johnson Anouck C.M.de Bonth Lyn R.Briggs John R.Caradus Sarah C.Finch Damien J.Fleetwood Lester R.Fletcher David E.Hume Richard D.Johnson Alison J.Popay Brian A.Tapper Wayne R.Simpson Christine R.Voisey Stuart D.Card | 2013 | Fungal Diversity2013，，3： | 5 |
| 7 | Discussions on real-world acupuncture treatments for chroni clow-back pain in older adults显示文摘Chronic low-back pain(CLBP) is one of the most common pain conditions. Current clinical guidelines for low-back pain recommend acupuncture for CLBP. However, there are very few high-quality acupuncture studies on CLBP in older adults. Clinical acupuncture experts in the American Traditional Chinese Medicine Association(ATCMA) were interested in the recent grant on CLBP research announced by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. The ATCMA experts held an online discussion on the subject of real-world acupuncture treatments for CLBP in older adults. Seven participants, each with more than 20 years of acupuncture practice, discussed their own unique clinical experience while another participant talked about the potential mechanism of acupuncture in pain management. As a result of the discussion, a picture of a similar treatment strategy emerged across the participants for CLBP in older adults. This discussion shows that acupuncture may have complicated mechanisms in pain management, yet it is effective for the treatment of chronic pain involving maladaptive neuroplasticity;therefore, it should be effective for CLBP in older adults. | Arthur Yin Fan Hui Ouyang Xinru Qian Hui Wei David Dehui Wang Deguang He Haihe Tian Changzhen Gong Amy Matecki Sarah Faggert Alemi | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2019，17，2： | 5 |
| 8 | Placental Transfer of Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Agents in Pregnant Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease显示文摘 | Uma Mahadevan Douglas C. Wolf Marla Dubinsky Antoine Cortot Scott D. Lee Corey A. Siegel Thomas Ullman Sarah Glover John F. Valentine David T. Rubin Jocelyn Miller Maria T. Abreu | 2013 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2013，，： | 4 |
| 9 | 基于高速摄像技术对折打结导爆管传爆可靠性的研究显示文摘采用高速摄像技术对180°对折、缓结、轻度死结和严重死结4种特殊情况下的导爆管传爆可靠性进行了室内实验研究,实验采用的导爆管爆速平均为1750 m/s。通过对高速摄像图片的精细观察和计算分析,得出:导爆管经过180°对折后仍能成功传爆,但整体传爆时间平均延迟29μs;缓节和死结不会导致传爆中断,但打结力度越严重,对打结处传爆速度下降和传爆时间延长的影响越大,死结导爆管结点传爆时间平均延迟32μs,整体延迟37.2μs。爆轰波经过对折点和死结处后,爆速剧降,通过精细观测定量确定了爆速复原正常值的历程和时间。实验结论可对爆破施工现场的网路连接提供防范参考。 | 张卅卅 任高峰 胡升海 郭星强 David Kanume Sarah Koroma | 2013 | 爆破2013，30，3： | 3 |
| 10 | Intestinal Tumorigenesis Initiated by Dedifferentiation and Acquisition of Stem-Cell-like Properties显示文摘 | Sarah Schwitalla Alexander A. Fingerle Patrizia Cammareri Tim Nebelsiek Serkan I. G?ktuna Paul K. Ziegler Ozge Canli Jarom Heijmans David J. Huels Guenievre Moreaux Rudolf A. Rupec Markus Gerhard Roland Schmid Nick Barker Hans Clevers Roland Lang Jens Neu | 2013 | Cell2013，，： | 3 |
| 11 | 对英国住宅区域几种新型雨水收集利用系统的初步可持续性评估(英文)显示文摘由于缺乏对住宅雨水收集利用(RWH)系统类型的创新,在英国日常生活中的雨水收集利用还不是很广泛.介绍了一系列传统和新型的住宅RWH系统的初步研究结果,并对这些RWH系统进行了研究,研究方法包括:专利申请搜索、对行业专家的非正式访问、成本效益分析和简单的多准则分析法(MCA).然后基于社会优先、经济优先和环境优先的标准,研究了这些系统的可持续性.其中,对2种新型的RWH系统进行了更为详细的分析,并与传统的RWH系统进行对比.多准则分析法结果表明,创新型系统在更少的资金消耗下,可持续性绩效要高于传统系统.进一步的研究重点在于模拟这些被鉴定的系统来产生经验性数据库,并应用于WLC/LACs,寻找设备安装中可能出现的挑战和问题. | Peter Melville-Shreeve Sarah Ward David Butler | 2014 | Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)2014，30，2： | 3 |
| 12 | The GENCODE v7 catalog of human long noncoding RNAs: Analysis of their gene structure, evolution, and expression显示文摘 | Thomas Derrien Rory Johnson Giovanni Bussotti Andrea Tanzer Sarah Djebali Hagen Tilgner Gregory Guernec David Martin Angelika Merkel David G. Knowles Julien Lagarde Lavanya Veeravalli Xiaoan Ruan Yijun Ruan Timo Lassmann Piero Carninci James B. Brown Leon | 2012 | Genome Research2012，，9： | 3 |
| 13 | Uncovering material deformations via machine learning combined with four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy显示文摘Understanding lattice deformations is crucial in determining the properties of nanomaterials,which can become more prominent in future applications ranging from energy harvesting to electronic devices.However,it remains challenging to reveal unexpected deformations that crucially affect material properties across a large sample area.Here,we demonstrate a rapid and semi-automated unsupervised machine learning approach to uncover lattice deformations in materials.Our method utilizes divisive hierarchical clustering to automatically unveil multi-scale deformations in the entire sample flake from the diffraction data using four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy(4D-STEM).Our approach overcomes the current barriers of large 4D data analysis without a priori knowledge of the sample.Using this purely data-driven analysis,we have uncovered different types of material deformations,such as strain,lattice distortion,bending contour,etc.,which can significantly impact the band structure and subsequent performance of nanomaterials-based devices.We envision that this data-driven procedure will provide insight into materials’intrinsic structures and accelerate the discovery of materials. | Chuqiao Shi Michael C.Cao Sarah M.Rehn Sang-Hoon Bae Jeehwan Kim Matthew RJones David A.Muller Yimo Han | 2022 | npj Computational Materials2022，，1： | 3 |
| 14 | 烯烃自复分解反应对氢化丁腈橡胶相对分子质量的调控显示文摘利用凝胶渗透色谱技术研究了双键含量、催化剂用量及溶液浓度对氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)烯烃自复分解反应的影响。结果表明,双键含量高的HNBR更容易进行复分解反应;HNBR溶液质量分数为9%时,催化剂用量高于0.2phr才能使双键摩尔分数为20%的HNBR发生有效的复分解反应。适当提高HNBR的溶液浓度,也可提高HNBR的复分解反应效率。复分解降解后HNBR的门尼黏度降为原来的一半时,硫化胶的物理力学性能保持良好,拉伸强度、100%定伸应力、撕裂强度分别为改性前的70%、75%和94%。 | 潘庆燕 庄涛 赵菲 Obrecht Werner David Sarah | 2013 | 高分子材料科学与工程2013，29，12： | 3 |
| 15 | Heat shock protein 90 inhibition by 17-DMAG lessens disease in the MRL/Ipr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus显示文摘热吃惊蛋白质 90 的提高的表示(HSP90 ) 在全身的豺狼座 erythematosus (SLE ) 的肾和浆液被发现了病人和 MRL/Mp-Fas lpr /Fas lpr (MRL/lpr ) 自体免疫的老鼠。如果 HSP90 的抑制将在 MRL/lpr 老鼠减少疾病,我们调查了。在在 vivo 的 vitro,有在 IL-6 的有免疫力刺激的显示出的减少的表示以前的 HSP90 禁止者 Geldanamycin 的 mesangial 房间的预告的处理, IL-12 和号码,我们发现当与 C57BL/6 相比鼠标和 MRL/lpr 鼠标与 HSP90 禁止者 17-DMAG 对待时, HSP90 表示在 MRL/lpr 肾被提高。与 17-DMAG 对待的 MRL/lpr 老鼠显示出减少的 proteinuria 并且减少了浆液 anti-dsDNA 抗体生产。Glomerulonephritis 和 glomerular IgG 和 C3 没被 17-DMAG 的管理显著地在 MRL/lpr 影响。17-DMAG 增加了 CD8 + T 房间,减少的双 negative T 房间,减少 CD4/CD8 比率和减少的小囊的 B 房间。这些研究建议 HSP90 可以在调整 T 房间区别和激活起一个作用并且 HSP90 抑制可以在豺狼座减少发炎。 | Samuel K Shimp III Cristen B Chafin Nicole L Regna Sarah E Hammond Molly A Read David L Caudell Marissa Nichole Rylander Christopher M Reilly | 2012 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2012，9，3： | 3 |
| 16 | Endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection显示文摘 | Sergey V. Kantsevoy Douglas G. Adler Jason D. Conway David L. Diehl Francis A. Farraye Richard Kwon Petar Mamula Sarah Rodriguez Raj J. Shah Louis Michel Wong Kee Song William M. Tierney | 2008 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2008，，1： | 2 |
| 17 | Chromodomain-helicase-DNA binding protein 5, 7 and pronecrotic mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein serve as potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinomas显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with a very poor prognosis. Recently, there has been a significant increase in research directed towards identifying potential biomarkers that can be used to diagnose and provide prognostic information for pancreatic cancer. These markers can be used clinically to optimize and personalize therapy for individual patients. In this review, we focused on 3 biomarkers involved in the DNA damage response pathway and the necroptosis pathway: Chromodomainhelicase-DNA binding protein 5, chromodomain-helicaseDNA binding protein 7, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein. The aim of this article is to review present literature provided for these biomarkers and current studies in which their effectiveness as prognostic biomarkers are analyzed in order to determine their future use as biomarkers in clinical medicine. Based on the data presented, these biomarkers warrant further investigation,and should be validated in future studies. | Crystal S Seldon Lauren E Colbert William A Hall Sarah B Fisher David S Yu Jerome C Landry | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2016，8，4： | 2 |
| 18 | Tet2 Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation by Interacting with Runx1 and Maintaining Genomic 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine(5hmC)显示文摘As a dioxygenase, Ten-Eleven Translocation 2(TET2) catalyzes subsequent steps of 5-methylcytosine(5 mC) oxidation. TET2 plays a critical role in the self-renewal, proliferation,and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, but its impact on mature hematopoietic cells is not well-characterized. Here we show that Tet2 plays an essential role in osteoclastogenesis. Deletion of Tet2 impairs the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells(macrophages) and their maturation into bone-resorbing osteoclasts in vitro. Furthermore, Tet2^(-/-) mice exhibit mild osteopetrosis, accompanied by decreased number of osteoclasts in vivo. Tet2 loss in macrophages results in the altered expression of a set of genes implicated in osteoclast differentiation, such as Cebpa, Mafb, and Nfkbiz. Tet2 deletion also leads to a genome-wide alteration in the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine(5 hmC) and altered expression of a specific subset of macrophage genes associated with osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, Tet2 interacts with Runx1 and negatively modulates its transcriptional activity. Our studies demonstrate a novel molecular mechanism controlling osteoclast differentiation and function by Tet2, that is, through interactions with Runx1 and the maintenance of genomic 5 hmC. Targeting Tet2 and its pathway could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of abnormal bone mass caused by the deregulation of osteoclast activities. | Yajing Chu Zhigang Zhao David Wayne Sant Ganqian Zhu Sarah M. Greenblatt Lin Liu Jinhuan Wang Zeng Cao Jeanette Cheng Tho Shi Chen Xiaochen Liu Peng Zhang Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski Stephen Nimer Gaofeng Wang Weiping Yuan Feng-Chun Yang Mingjiang Xu | 2018 | Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics2018，16，3： | 2 |
| 19 | Hematopoietic AMPK [Beta]1 reduces mouse adipose tissue macrophage inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity显示文摘 | Galic Sandra Fullerton Morgan D Schertzer Jonathan D Sikkema Sarah Marcinko Katarina Walkley Carl R Izon David Honeyman Jane Chen Zhi-Ping van Denderen Bryce J Kemp Bruce E Steinberg Gregory R | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2011，，12： | 2 |
| 20 | Loss of p53 in Enterocytes Generates an Inflammatory Microenvironment Enabling Invasion and Lymph Node Metastasis of Carcinogen-Induced Colorectal Tumors显示文摘 | Sarah Schwitalla Paul K. Ziegler David Horst Valentin Becker Irina Kerle Yvonne Begus-Nahrmann André Lechel K. Lenhard Rudolph Rupert Langer Julia Slotta-Huspenina Franz G. Bader Olivia Prazeres da Costa Markus F. Neurath Alexander Meining Thomas Kirchner | 2013 | Cancer Cell2013，，： | 2 |
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