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| 1 | Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria are structured by geography in biological soil crusts across North American arid lands显示文摘Introduction:Biological soil crusts(BSCs)can dominate surface cover in dry lands worldwide,playing an integral role in arid land biogeochemistry,particularly in N fertilization through fixation and cycling.Nitrification is a characteristic and universal N transformation in BSCs that becomes important for the export of N beyond the microscopic bounds of the crust itself.The contribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)in BSCs has been shown,but the role and extent of the recently discovered ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)have not.Methods:We sampled various types of crusts in four desert regions across the western United States and characterized the composition and size of ammonia-oxidizing communities using clone libraries and quantitative PCR targeting the amoA gene,which codes for the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme,universally present in ammonia-oxidizing microbes.Results:All archaeal amoA sequences retrieved from BSCs belonged to the Thaumarchaeota(Nitrososphaera associated Group I.1b).Sequences from the Sonoran Desert,Colorado Plateau,and Great Basin were indistinguishable from each other but distinct from those of the Chihuahuan Desert.Based on amoA gene abundances,archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers were ubiquitous in our survey,but the ratios of archaeal to bacterial ammonia oxidizers shifted from bacterially dominated in northern,cooler deserts to archaeally dominated in southern,warmer deserts.Conclusions:Archaea are shown to be potentially important biogeochemical agents of biological soil crust N cycling.Conditions associated with different types of BSCs and biogeographical factors reveal a niche differentiation between AOA and AOB,possibly driven by temperature. | Yevgeniy Marusenko Scott T Bates Ian Anderson Shannon L Johnson Tanya Soule Ferran Garcia-Pichel | 2013 | Ecological Processes2013，2，1： | 4 |
| 2 | 在 7T 的多原子的磁性的回声光谱学的应用显示文摘 AIM: To discuss the advantages of ultra-high field (7T) for 1H and 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of metabolism.made at both 3 and 7T using 1H MRS. Measurements of glycogen and lipids in muscle were measured using 13C and 1H MRS respectively. RESULTS: In the brain, increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dispersion allows spectral separation of the amino-acids glutamate, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), without the need for sophisticated editing sequences. Improved quantification of these me-tabolites is demonstrated at 7T relative to 3T. SNR was 36% higher, and measurement repeatability (% coefficients of variation) was 4%, 10% and 10% at 7T, vs 8%, 29% and 21% at 3T for glutamate, glutamine and GABA respectively. Measurements at 7T were used to compare metabolite levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula. Creatine and glutamate levels were found to be significantly higher in the insula compared to the ACC (P < 0.05). In muscle, the increased SNR and spectral resolution at 7T enables interleaved studies of glycogen (13C) and intra-myocellular lipid (IMCL) and extra-myocellular lipid (EMCL) (1H) following exercise and refeeding. Glycogen levels were sig-nificantly decreased following exercise (-28% at 50% VO2 max; -58% at 75% VO2 max). Interestingly, levels of glycogen in the hamstrings followed those in the quadriceps, despite reduce exercise loading. No changes in IMCL and EMCL were found in the study. CONCLUSION: The demonstrated improvements in brain and muscle MRS measurements at 7T will increase the potential for use in investigating human metabolism and changes due to pathologies. | Mary C Stephenson Frances Gunner Antonio Napolitano Paul L Greenhaff Ian A MacDonald Nadeem Saeed William Vennart Susan T Francis Peter G Morris | 2011 | World Journal of Radiology2011，3，4： | 2 |
| 3 | Enteric coated HPMC capsules designed to achieve intestinal targeting显示文摘 | Ewart T Cole Robert A Scott Alyson L Connor Ian R Wilding Hans-U Petereit Carsten Schminke Thomas Beckert Dominique Cadé | 2002 | International Journal of Pharmaceutics2002，，1： | 1 |
| 4 | A video-based technique for mapping intertidal beach bathymetry 显示文摘 | Stefan G J Aaminkhof Ian L Turner Thomas D T Dronkers Mark Caljouw Leann Nipius | 2003 | Coastal Engineering2003，49，： | 1 |
| 5 | Shoreline definition and detec- tion: a review显示文摘 | Elizabeth H B Ian L T | 2005 | Journal of Coastal Research2005，21，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Rhodium-catalyzed Formation of Boron-nitrogen Bonds:a Mild Route to Cyclic Aminoboranes and Borazines显示文摘 | CORY A J KAREN T ALAN J L IAN M | 2001 | Chem Commun2001，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Novel biosynthetic routes to non- proteinogenic amino acids as chiral pharmaceutical intermediates显示文摘 | David J A Tao L David P P Richard F S Paul P T Ian G F | 2001 | J Mol Ca B:Enz2001，11，： | 1 |
| 8 | Land use regulation and the provision of open space in suburban residential subdivisions显示文摘 | ERIK L CONSTANT T IAN H | 2007 | Journal of Environmental Economics and Management2007，54，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Floc Architecture in Wastewater and Natural Riverine Systems 显示文摘 | Steven N L Ian G D Derrick T F | 1996 | Environmental Sci-ence & Technology1996，30，： | 1 |
| 10 | Evolution of the gall-forming plant parasitic nematodes (Tylenchida:Anguinidae) and their relationships with hosts as inferred from Internal Transcribed Spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA显示文摘 | Sergei A Subbotin Eino L Krall Ian T Riley etc | 2004 | Molecular phylogenetics and evolution2004，，30： | 1 |
| 11 | Simplified local density model for adsorption over large pressure ranges 显示文摘 | RANGARAJAN B CART T L SUBRAMAN IAN R | 1995 | AIChE1995，41，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after failure of imatinib: a randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | George D Demetri Allan T van Oosterom Christopher R Garrett Martin E Blackstein Manisha H Shah Jaap Verweij Grant McArthur Ian R Judson Michael C Heinrich Jeffrey A Morgan Jayesh Desai Christopher D Fletcher Suzanne George Carlo L Bello Xin Huang Charles | 2006 | The Lancet2006，，9544： | 1 |
| 13 | Shoreline definition and detection:A re- view显示文摘 | Elizabeth H B Ian L T | 2005 | Joumal of Coastal Research2005，21，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Emergence of fatal PRRSV variants: Unparalleled outbreaks of atypical PRRS in China and molecular dissection of the unique hallmark 显示文摘 | 'I'IAN K G YU X L ZHAO T Z | 2007 | PLo S One2007，2，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Role of the mitochondrial permeability transition in apoptotic and necrotic death after ischemia/reperfusion injury to hepatocytes显示文摘 | KIM J S HE L Q IAN T | 2003 | CurrMolMed2003，3，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after failure of imatinib: a randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | George D Demetri Allan T van Oosterom Christopher R Garrett Martin E Blackstein Manisha H Shah Jaap Verweij Grant McArthur Ian R Judson Michael C Heinrich Jeffrey A Morgan Jayesh Desai Christopher D Fletcher Suzanne George Carlo L Bello Xin Huang Charles | 2006 | The Lancet . 2006 (9544)2006，，9544： | 1 |
| 17 | Chitosan-dibasic orthophosphate hydrogel:A potential drug delivery system显示文摘 | Hang T T Han H Ian L | 2009 | Int J Pharm2009，371，12： | 1 |
| 18 | 2-D multitarget angle tracking algorithm using sensor array 显示文摘 | Chen Y H L ian Y T | 1995 | IEEE Proceedings Part F: Radar and Signal Processing1995，142，8： | 1 |
| 19 | An on-road assessment of cognitive distraction: Impacts on drivers' visual behav- ior and braking performance显示文摘 | Joanne L H Ian N Patricia L T | 2007 | Accident Analysis and Prevention2007，39，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Actvity of pancreatic endopeptidases towards luteinizing hormone-releasing hormones显示文摘 | Greg F W Robin L Ian G T | 2001 | International Journal of Pharmaceutics2001，23，： | 1 |
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