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| 1 | 评估大气细颗粒物暴露引起的全球疾病负担的一个综合风险函数显示文摘[背景]评估由于环境空气中细颗粒物(PM2.5)长期暴露引起的疾病负担,需要了解相对风险度(RR)函数的图形和幅度。然而,在世界上很多观察到高PM2.5环境浓度的地方,都缺乏足够的直接证据确定死亡RR函数的图形。[目的]建立可用于全球PM2.5暴露范围内成人死因的RR函数:缺血性心脏病(IHD)、脑血管疾病(脑卒中)、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)和肺癌(LC)。建立急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI)发病的RR函数,用于估算〈5岁的儿童中死亡率和健康生活损失年数。[方法]通过整合现有的来自于环境空气污染(AAP)、二手烟草烟雾、家用固体烹饪用燃料和主动吸烟(AS)等研究的RR信息,拟合综合暴露-反应(IER)模型。采用颗粒物质的吸入剂量,通过转化AS暴露来估计全年PM2.5的暴露当量。在估算全球环境PM2.5浓度的基础上,得出各国的人群归因分数(PAFs)。[结果]与以往负担评估中使用的其他7种模型相比,IER模型是一种优越的RR预测方法。在不同国家中,归因于AAP暴露的PAF百分数各不相同,分别为:IHD,2~41;脑卒中,1~43;COPD,〈1~21;LC,〈1~25;ALRI,〈1~38。[结论]我们建立了一种以细颗粒物为基础的RR模型,它通过整合来自不同类型的燃烧所产生颗粒物排放的RR信息,涵盖全球范围的暴露。当获得新的RR信息时,可以对这个模型进行更新。 | Richard T.Burnett C.Arden Pope III Majid Ezzati Casey Olives Stephen S.Lim Sumi Mehta Hwashin H.Shin Gitanjali Singh Bryan Hubbell Michael Brauer H.Ross Anderson Kirk R.Smith John R.Balmes Nigel G.Bruce Haidong Kan Francine Laden Annette Prüss-Ustün Michelle C.Turner Susan M.Gapstur W.Ryan Diver Aaron Cohen 何蓉 张伊人 金泰廙 | 2014 | 环境与职业医学2014，31，11： | 80 |
| 2 | 利用GOME卫星资料分析北京大气NO_2污染变化显示文摘利用GOME(Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment,全球臭氧监测实验)1996年1月—2002年12月NO2对流层柱浓度月平均卫星遥感资料以及根据北京市2001年1月1日—2002年12月31日NO2污染指数数据计算出的地面NO2日均质量浓度值,分析了北京市城市大气NO2污染变化的季节变化特征以及年际变化,并将2001年1月—2002年12月北京上空GOME NO2对流层柱浓度月平均值变化与北京市地面NO2日均质量浓度月平均值变化进行了比较,结果表明两者随时间的变化趋势具有较好的一致性,据此可以利用GOME NO2对流层柱浓度月平均卫星遥感资料来分析特定区域大气NO2的季节变化和年际变化。 | 江文华 马建中 颜鹏 Andreas Richter John P.Burrows Hendrik Nǖβ | 2006 | 应用气象学报2006，17，1： | 47 |
| 3 | 帕博利珠单抗单用或与放疗联用治疗转移性非小细胞肺癌:两个随机试验的汇总分析显示文摘背景放疗可以提高整个机体对免疫治疗的应答。在Ⅱ期PEMBRO-RT研究和Ⅰ/Ⅱ期MDACC研究中,患有转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的患者被随机分配入组,接受免疫治疗(帕博利珠单抗)+放疗联合疗法,或免疫治疗单一疗法。当上述2个研究单独分析时,联合疗法组显示出潜在获益。由于每个研究的样本量较小,缓解率和结局并未显示出统计学意义,然而却有显著的临床获益。因此,本研究进行汇总分析,来判断放疗是否会改善转移性NSCLC患者的免疫治疗应答。方法PEMBRO-RT和MDACC研究纳入标准:患者年龄≥18岁,患有转移性NSCLC,且有≥1处未经放疗照射的病灶,以便进行射野外应答监测。PEMBRO-RT研究纳入曾接受过化疗患者,MDACC研究纳入曾接受过治疗或新诊断患者。2个研究中的患者均未接受过免疫治疗。在PEMBRO-RT研究中患者被等比例随机分配入组,并根据吸烟状态进行分层(分为<10年组和≥10年组)。MDACC研究的患者根据放疗计划可行性被等比例随机分配入2个受试组。由于联合治疗组的干预本质,每个研究中的放疗均不适用盲法。在2个研究中,不论是否进行放疗,均静脉滴入帕博利珠单抗(每3周200 mg)。在PEMBRO-RT研究中,在放疗(24 Gy 3次分割照射)结束后1周给予第1剂帕博利珠单抗。在MDACC研究中,在第1次放疗(50 Gy 4次分割照射或45 Gy 15次分割照射)同时给予帕博利珠单抗。仅检测未经照射病灶的应答。本研究的终点为最佳射野外(远隔)应答率(ARR)、最佳射野外疾病控制率(ACR)、12周时ARR、12周时ACR、无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)。2个研究的意向治疗(ITT)人群均纳入分析。PEMBRO-RT研究(NCT02492568)和MDACC研究(NCT02444741)均在ClinicalTrials.gov上注册。发现纳入148例患者,76例接受帕博利珠单抗治疗,72例接受帕博利珠单抗+放疗治疗。所有患者随访时间中位数为33个月[四分位距(IQR):32.4~33.6]。148例患者中124例(84%)组织学特征为非鳞癌,111例(75%)患者曾经接受过化疗。组间没有基线特征差异,包括PD-L1表达状态和转移灶体积。最常见的照射部位为肺转移灶(39%,28/72)、胸腔内淋巴结(21%,15/72)和非原发灶(17%,12/72)。帕博利珠单抗组和联合治疗组的最佳ARR分别为19.7%(15/76)和41.7%(30/72),OR=2.96,95%CI:1.42~6.20,P=0.0039;最佳ACR分别为43.4%(33/76)和65.3%(47/72),OR=2.51,95%CI:1.28~4.91,P=0.0071;PFS中位数分别为4.4(IQR:2.9~5.9)和9.0个月(IQR:6.8~11.2),HR=0.67,95%CI:0.45~0.99,P=0.045;OS中位数分别为8.7(IQR:6.4~11.0)和19.2个月(IQR:14.6~23.8),OR=0.67,95%CI:0.54~0.84,P=0.0004。在汇总分析中没有发现新的安全问题。解读帕博利珠单抗免疫疗法+放疗显著提高转移性NSCLC患者的应答和改善治疗结局。这些结果需要在三期临床试验中进行验证。 | 陈大卫(翻译) 于金明(校对) Willemijn S M E Theelen Vivek Verma Brian P Hobbs Heike M U Peulen Joachim G J V Aerts Idris Bahce Anna Larissa N Niemeijer Joe Y Chang Patricia M de Groot Quynh-Nhu Nguyen Nathan I Comeaux George R Simon Ferdinandos Skoulidis Steven H Lin Kewen He Roshal Patel John Heymach Paul Baas James W Welsh | 2021 | 中华肿瘤防治杂志2021，28，24： | 49 |
| 4 | 二尖瓣病变定位经食道超声检查与术中发现的对照研究显示文摘目的:应用经食道超声心动图序列二尖瓣病变定位切面与术中发现进行对照研究,寻找对应二尖瓣不同小叶分区的相应切面及标准化操作规程,以供临床决策及提高手术成功率。方法:二尖瓣脱垂并伴有中度以上的二尖瓣反流拟行外科手术患者53例。术前行食道超声检测瓣膜病变类型与小叶分区定位,与术中发现进行对照。二尖瓣的解剖定位采用Carpentier命名法,将前叶分为A1、A2及A3,后叶分为P1、P2及P3。术前1周及术中食道超声应用中食道四腔心切面、中食道5腔心切面、显示冠状静脉窦的短四腔心切面、两腔心切面、二尖瓣交界区两腔心切面、中食道左心室长轴切面及胃底左心室短轴切面进行二尖瓣病变的小叶分区定位。外科医生术中记录二尖瓣瓣膜脱垂、腱索断裂等病理类型及A1、A2及A3;P1、P2及P3病变部位。结果:46例资料完整的患者276个小叶被分析。在7个可以显示二尖瓣小叶分区定位的切面中,中食道五腔心切面、中食道四腔心切面、显示冠状静脉窦的短四腔切面、三腔心切面及结合彩色血流的胃底左心室短轴切面与术中发现的吻合率较高。结论:通过食道超声选择序列合理的切面可以在二尖瓣手术前进行较为准确的病变小叶分区定位,为外科手术,尤其是二尖瓣成形术提供必要的术前资料。 | 何怡华 李治安 谷孝艳 韩建成 陈健 Michael CK John Victor N | 2009 | 心肺血管病杂志2009，28，5： | 26 |
| 5 | Pancreatic insulinoma:current issues and trends显示文摘BACKGROUND:Although insulinomas are very rare tumors, they are the most common pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.The incidence in general population is 1-4 per 1 000 000 yearly but the incidence is higher in autopsy studies. The malignancy of insulinomas is difficult to be predicted on the basis of their histological features,and the current WHO classification has been re-evaluated.This review aimed to summarize classical knowledge with current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of insulinomas. DATA SOURCES:A Medline search using terms'insulinoma', 'treatment'and'neuroendocrine tumors'was conducted. Additional references were sourced from key articles. RESULTS:Surgery is the treatment of choice for insulinoma and has an extremely high success rate.Medical treatment is also available but only for patients who are unable or unwilling to undergo surgical treatment.Preoperative localization is necessary for planning the surgical approach.Many methods exist for localization of an insulinoma and can be invasive and non-invasive.The combination of biphasic thin section helical CT and endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)has an almost 100% sensitivity in localizing insulinomas.Laparoscopic ultrasound is mandatory to localize intraoperatively these tumors.EUS-guided fine needle tattoing is an alternative method of localization in case of lack of laparoscopic ultrasound. CONCLUSION:Laparoscopic resection for benign insulinomas is the procedure of choice,whereas pancreatectomy is reserved for large,potentially malignant tumors. | Dennis Vaidakis John Karoubalis Theodora Pappa George Piaditis George N Zografos | 2010 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2010，9，3： | 22 |
| 6 | Studies on electroless Ni-P-Cr_2O_3 and Ni-P-SiO_2 composite coatings显示文摘本文对化学镀镍及化学镀镍磷基质中SiO2与Cr2O3的共沉积进行了研究。微粒在不断生长的膜层中共沉积引起了新的化学复合镀层的出现,这些复合镀层许多都具有优异的耐磨及耐蚀性能。通过选取镀层合金/复合微粒/金属基体的组分可改进镀层,获得所需的性能,以满足特别的需求。在对这些复合镀层的应用需求正在迫近与增长的同时,其市场正在迅速扩张。本文开发出了一种合适的复合化学镀镍液,并通过维氏硬度法对化学复合镀镍层进行了表征。采用动电位极化及交流阻抗法测定了镀层的Taber耐磨性能及耐蚀性能。采用SEM及XRD对复合镀层的表面形貌进行了分析。 | KARTHIKEYAN S SRINIVASAN K N VASUDEVAN T JOHN S | 2007 | 电镀与涂饰2007，26，1： | 15 |
| 7 | Human thrombin for the treatment of gastric and ectopic varices显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of human thrombin in the treatment of bleeding gastric and ectopic varices.METHODS:Retrospective observational study in a Tertiary Referral Centre.Between January 1999-October 2005,we identified 37 patients who were endoscopically treated with human thrombin injection therapy for bleeding gastric and ectopic varices.Patient details including age,gender and aetiology of liver disease/segmental portal hypertension were documented.The thrombin was obtained from the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service and prepared to give a solution of 250 IU/mL which was injected via a standard injection needle.All patient case notes were reviewed and the total dose of thrombin given along with the number of endoscopy sessions was recorded.Initial haemostasis rates,rebleeding rates and mortality were catalogued along with the incidence of any immediate complications which could be attributable to the thrombin therapy.The duration of follow up was also listed.The study was conducted according to the United Kingdom research ethics guidelines.RESULTS:Thirty-seven patients were included.33 patients(89%) had thrombin(250 U/mL) for gastric varices,2(5.4%) for duodenal varices,1 for rectal varices and 1 for gastric and rectal varices.(1) Gastric varices,an average of 15.2 mL of thrombin was used per patient.Re-bleeding occurred in 4 patients(10.8%),managed in 2 by a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPSS)(one unsuccessfully who died) and in other 2 by a distal splenorenal shunt;(2) Duodenal varices(or type 2 isolated gastric varices),an average of 12.5 mL was used per patient over 2-3 endoscopy sessions.Re-bleeding occurred in one patient,which was treated by TIPSS;and(3) Rectal varices,an average of 18.3 mL was used per patient over 3 endoscopy sessions.No re-bleeding occurred in this group.CONCLUSION:Human thrombin is a safe,easy to use and effective therapeutic option to control haemorrhage from gastric and ectopic varices. | Norma C McAvoy John N Plevris Peter C Hayes | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，41： | 11 |
| 8 | 系统综述与网状Meta分析的PRISMA扩展声明显示文摘PRISMA声明旨在提高系统综述和META分析报告的完整性,该声明已经广泛用于指导系统综述和META分析的报告和发表。原始的PRISMA声明是针对两种干预措施比较的传统的系统综述与META分析而制定的,然而,随着多种干预措施比较的系统综述的发展,实施和报告这一类系统综述面临较大挑战。此时,针对网状META分析的PRISMA扩展声明应运而生,旨在提高网状META分析系统综述的报告质量。PRISMA扩展声明是由专家们通过DELPHI调查、面对面讨论和共识大会而最终确立的。PRISMA扩展声明是在原始PRISMA声明的报告清单的基础上经过修改,最终确定了32个条目,每个条目均与网状META分析报告的内容直接相关。本文对网状META分析的PRISMA扩展声明进行了阐述,对报告清单各条目进行了举例说明,并详细说明了在原始PRISMA声明的基础上新增和修改各条目的理由。此外,PRISMA扩展声明强调了在网状META分析的实际操作中需要重点关注的信息。本文的目标读者包括网状META分析的作者与读者,以及期刊杂志的编辑与同行评审。 | 李志霞 杨俊 叶欣 周凌波 杨智荣 孙凤 詹思延 Brian Hutton Georgia Salanti Deborah M.Caldwell Anna Chaimani Christopher H.Schmid Chris Cameron John P.A.Ioannidis Sharon Straus Kristian Thorlund Jeroen P.Jansen Cynthia Mulrow Ferrán Catalá-López Peter C.Gozsche Kay Dickersin Isabelle Boutron Douglas G.Altman David Moher | 2016 | 中国循证心血管医学杂志2016，8，6： | 11 |
| 9 | Gastroesophageal reflux disease and severe obesity:Fundoplication or bariatric surgery?显示文摘Increases in the prevalence of obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have paralleled one another over the past decade, which suggests the possibility of a linkage between these two processes. In both instances, surgical therapy is recognized as the most effective treatment for severe, refractory disease. Current surgical therapies for severe obesity include (in descending frequency) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, while fundoplication remains the mainstay for the treatment of severe GERD. In several large series, however, the outcomes and durability of fundoplication in the setting of severe obesity are not as good as those in patients who are not severely obese. As such, bariatric surgery has been suggested as a potential alternative treatment for these patients. This article reviews current concepts in the putative pathophysiological mechanisms by which obesity contributes to gastroesophageal reflux and their implications with regards to surgical therapy for GERD in the setting of severe obesity. | Vivek N Prachand John C Alverdy | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，30： | 10 |
| 10 | 序列运算离散化过程中的误差成因及补偿显示文摘为了减少序列离散化过程导致的误差,提出几种概率补偿的方法。由误差的成因入手,分析了离散化过程的误差机理,将利用随机变量的概率分布函数离散化后所得序列,分别以修正公式、平均补偿法及比例补偿法进行补偿,推导出各种误差补偿方法下序列期望值及方差的误差估计公式。结果表明:经误差补偿后,算例中序列期望值误差下降为原误差的8%以下,而方差误差至少可降为原误差的91%。 | 徐玮 康重庆 夏清 JIANG John N | 2009 | 清华大学学报(自然科学版)2009，，1： | 7 |
| 11 | Quantitative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance enterography in ileal Crohn’s disease: A systematic analysis of intra and interobserver reproducibility显示文摘BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance enterography(MRE) is increasingly attractive as a noninvasive and radiation-free tool for assessing Crohn’s disease(CD). Diffusionweighted imaging(DWI) is recommended as an optional MRE sequence for CD by the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology, and has shown a superb potential as a quantitative modality for bowel inflammation evaluation. However, the measurement reproducibility of quantitative DWI analysis in MRE has not been ascertained so far. To facilitate the application of quantitative diffusion-weighted MRE in the clinical routine, systematic investigations of the intra and interobserver reproducibility of DWI quantitative parameters should be performed.AIM To evaluate the intra and interobserver reproducibility of quantitative analysis for diffusion-weighted MRE(DW-MRE) in ileal CD.METHODS Forty-four subjects(21 with CD and 23 control subjects) who underwent ileocolonoscopy and DW-MRE(b = 800 s/mm2) within one week were included.Two radiologists independently measured apparent diffusion coefficients(ADC)of the terminal ileum and signal intensity ratio(SR) of the terminal ileum to ipsilateral psoas muscle on DWI images(b = 800 s/mm2). Between-and withinreader agreements were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC),coefficients of variation(CoV), and 95% limits of agreement of Bland-Altman plots(BA-LA LoA). Diagnostic performances of ADC and SR for identifying inflamed terminal ileum from the normal were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis.RESULTS There were no significant differences in ADC or SR values between the two sessions or between the two radiologists either in the CD or control group(paired t-test, P > 0.05). The intra and interobserver reproducibility of ADC(ICC: 0.952-0.984;CoV: 3.73-6.28%;BA-LA LoA: ±11.27% to ±15.88%) and SR(ICC: 0.969-0.989;CoV: 3.51%-4.64%;BA-LA LoA: ±10.62% to ±15.45%) was excellent for CD.Agreement of ADC measurements was slightly less in control subjects(ICC:0.641-0.736;CoV: 10.47%-11.43%;BA-LA LoA: ± 26.59% to ± 30.83%). SR of normal terminal ileum demonstrated high intra and interobserver reproducibility(ICC: 0.944-0.974;CoV: 3.73%-6.28%;BA-LA LoA: ± 18.58% to ± 24.43%). ADC and SR of two readers had outstanding diagnostic efficiencies(area under the ROC curve: 0.923-0.988).CONCLUSION Quantitative parameters derived from DW-MRE have good to excellent intra and interobserver agreements with high diagnostic accuracy, and can serve as robust and efficient quantitative biomarkers for CD evaluation. | Hao Yu Ya-Qi Shen Fang-Qin Tan Zi-Ling Zhou Zhen Li Dao-Yu Hu John N Morelli | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，27： | 7 |
| 12 | Liver transplantation in patients with incidental hepatocellular carcinoma/cholangiocarcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a single-center experience显示文摘BACKGROUND: Reports of liver transplantation(LT) in patients with mixed hepatocellular carcinoma/cholangiocarcinoma(HCC/CC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC) are modest and have been mostly retrospective after pathological categorization in the setting of presumed HCC. Some studies suggest that patients undergoing LT with small and unifocal ICC or mixed HCC/CC can achieve about 40%-60% 5-year post-transplant survival. The study aimed to report our experience in patients undergoing LT with explant pathology revealing HCC/CC and ICC.METHODS: From a prospectively maintained database, we performed cohort analysis. We identified 13 patients who underwent LT with explant pathology revealing HCC/CC or ICC. RESULTS: The observed recurrence rate post-LT was 31%(4/13) and overall survival was 85%, 51%, and 51% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Disease-free survival was 68%, 51%, and 41% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. In our cohort, four patients would have qualified for exception points based on updated HCC Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network imaging guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Lesions which lack complete imaging characteristics of HCC may warrant pre-LT biopsy to fully elucidate their pathology. Identified patients with early HCC/CC or ICC may benefit from LT if unresectable. Additionally, incorporating adjunctive perioperative therapies such as in the case of patients undergoing LT with hilar cholangiocarcinoma may improve outcomes but this warrants further investigation. | Mohammed Elshamy Naftali Presser Abdulrahman Y Hammad Daniel J Firl Christopher Coppa John Fung Federico N Aucejo | 2017 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2017，16，3： | 6 |
| 13 | 抗炎介质表达缺陷参与中性粒细胞型支气管哮喘发病机制:半乳糖凝集素-3和白细胞介素-1RA/白细胞介素-1beta比例显著下降显示文摘支气管哮喘(哮喘)是具有异质性的气道炎症性疾病,其主要特点表现为气道高反应和可变的气流受限。在哮喘的发病机制中,过敏原诱导的TH2淋巴细胞激活以及IL-5介导的嗜酸粒细胞渗出起到重要的作用。近年来发现超过50%的哮喘患者气道的嗜酸粒细胞水平并不增高,并将这种亚型定义为非嗜酸粒细胞型哮喘。其中部分患者表现为气道中性粒细胞明显增高,称为中性粒细胞型哮喘。 | 高鹏 Peter G Gibson Katherine J Baines Ian A Yang John W Upham Paul N Reynolds Sandra Hodge Alan L James Christine Jenkins Matthew J Peters 张捷 Jodie L Simpson | 2016 | 中华结核和呼吸杂志2016，39，11： | 5 |
| 14 | Gemcitabine-based or capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (SCALOP): a multicentre, randomised, phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Somnath Mukherjee Christopher N Hurt John Bridgewater Stephen Falk Sebastian Cummins Harpreet Wasan Tom Crosby Catherine Jephcott Rajarshi Roy Ganesh Radhakrishna Alec McDonald Ruby Ray George Joseph John Staffurth Ross A Abrams Gareth Griffiths Tim Maugh | 2013 | Lancet Oncology2013，，4： | 4 |
| 15 | Prostate cancer upgrading or downgrading of biopsy Gleason scores at radical prostatectomy:prediction of'regression to the mean'using routine clinical features with correlating biochemical relapse rates显示文摘Recommendations for managing clinically localized prostate cancer are structured around clinical risk criteria,with prostate biopsy(PB)Gleason score(GS)being the most important factor.Biopsy to radical prostatectomy(RP)specimen upgrading/downgrading is welldescribed,and is often the ratio nale for costly imaging or genomic studies.We prese nt simple,no-cost an a lyses of clinical parametersto predict which GS 6 and GS 8 patients will change to GS 7 at prostatectomy.From May 2006 to December 2012,1590 patientsunderwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP).After exclusions,we identified a GS 6 cohort of 374 patients and a GS 8cohort of 91 patients.During this era,>1000 additional patients were enrolled in an active surveillanee(AS)program.For GS 6,265(70.9%)of 374 patients were upgraded,and the cohort included 183(48.9%)patients eligible for AS by the Prostate Cancer ResearchInternational Active Surveillance Study(PRIAS)standards,of which 57.9%were upgraded.PB features that predicted a>90%chanceof upgrading included≥7 cores positive,maximum foci length≥8 mm in any core,and total tumor involvement≥30%.For GS 8,downgrading occurred in 46(50.5%),which was significantly higher for single core versus multiple cores(80.4%vs 19.6%,P=0.011).Biochemical recurre nee(BCR)occurred in 3.4%of GS 6 upgraded versus 0%non upgraded,and in GS 8,19.6%downgraded versus42.2%nondown graded.In coun seling men with clin ically localized prostate can cer,the odds of GS cha nge should be presented,andcertain men with high-volume GS 6 or low-volume GS 8 can be counseled with GS 7-based recommendations. | Muammer Altok Patricia Troncoso Mary F Achim Surena F Matin Graciela N Gonzalez John W Davis | 2019 | Asian Journal of Andrology2019，21，6： | 4 |
| 16 | Decreased Levels of Plasma Vitamin C and Increased Concentrations of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers After Stroke显示文摘 | Concepción Sánchez-Moreno John F. Dashe Tammy Scott David Thaler Marshal F. Folstein Antonio Martin | 2004 | Stroke: Journal of the American Heart Association2004，，1： | 4 |
| 17 | GDNF to the rescue:GDNF delivery effects on motor neurons and nerves,and muscle re-innervation after peripheral nerve injuries显示文摘Peripheral nerve injuries commonly occur due to trauma,like a traffic accident.Peripheral nerves get severed,causing motor neuron death and potential muscle atrophy.The current golden standard to treat peripheral nerve lesions,especially lesions with large(≥3 cm)nerve gaps,is the use of a nerve autograft or reimplantation in cases where nerve root avulsions occur.If not tended early,degeneration of motor neurons and loss of axon regeneration can occur,leading to loss of function.Although surgical procedures exist,patients often do not fully recover,and quality of life deteriorates.Peripheral nerves have limited regeneration,and it is usually mediated by Schwann cells and neurotrophic factors,like glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,as seen in Wallerian degeneration.Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is a neurotrophic factor known to promote motor neuron survival and neurite outgrowth.Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is upregulated in different forms of nerve injuries like axotomy,sciatic nerve crush,and compression,thus creating great interest to explore this protein as a potential treatment for peripheral nerve injuries.Exogenous glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor has shown positive effects in regeneration and functional recovery when applied in experimental models of peripheral nerve injuries.In this review,we discuss the mechanism of repair provided by Schwann cells and upregulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,the latest findings on the effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in different types of peripheral nerve injuries,delivery systems,and complementary treatments(electrical muscle stimulation and exercise).Understanding and overcoming the challenges of proper timing and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery is paramount to creating novel treatments to tend to peripheral nerve injuries to improve patients'quality of life. | Alberto F.Cintrón-Colón Gabriel Almeida-Alves Juliana M.VanGyseghem John M.Spitsbergen | 2022 | Neural Regeneration Research2022，17，4： | 4 |
| 18 | 知证卫生决策工具之一--什么是知证决策显示文摘本文讨论以下3个问题:①什么是证据?②研究证据在知证卫生决策中有何作用?③什么是知证决策?知证卫生决策是一种决策方法,旨在保证基于最佳可及的研究证据做出决策。知证决策的特点是将系统、透明地获取和评价证据的方法引入决策全过程。虽不要求制定政策的整个过程系统和透明,但在制定政策的全过程,采用系统的步骤可以确保合理地查找、评价和使用相关研究。过程透明化旨在确保他人可以检查什么样的研究证据被用于支持决策并评价证据及其意义。知证决策帮助政策制定者了解这些过程。 | Andrew D Oxman John N Lavis Simon Lewin Atle Fretheim 李媛媛 蒋兰慧 王莉 李幼平 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010，10，3： | 4 |
| 19 | High-performance oxygen reduction and evolution carbon catalysis: From mechanistic studies to device integration显示文摘能容易集成于存在的高效、便宜的氧减小和进化催化剂的发展设备为利用 O 2-H2 O 化学,例如再生燃料房间和金属空气电池。此处,我们报导 NH 3-activated 做 N 的层次碳(NHC ) 催化剂经由一条可伸缩的线路综合了,并且表明它的设备集成。NHC 催化剂为氧减小反应(ORR ) 和氧进化反应(OER ) 展出了好性能,当综合时,借助于电气化学的研究和评估示威了进一个再生燃料房间的氧电极。为 ORR 和 OER 观察的活动比得上最先进的磅和红外催化剂在碱的环境完成的那些。我们进一步通过密度为电气化学的活动作为活跃地点识别了碳缺点的关键角色功能的理论计算和高分辨率的 TEM 可视化。这个工作加亮 NHC 的潜力在再生燃料房间并且可能代替商业宝贵金属为断断续续的可更新的精力的划算的存储的金属空气电池。 | John W. F. To Jia Wei Desmond Ng Samira Siahrostami Ai Leen Koh Yangjin Lee Zhihua Chen Kara D. Fong Shucheng Chen Jiajun He Won-Gyu Bae Jennifer Wilcox Hu Young Jeong Kwanpyo Kim Felix Studt Jens K. Nфrskov Thomas F. Jaramillo Zhenan Bao | 2017 | Nano Research2017，10，4： | 4 |
| 20 | Continuous internal counterpulsation as a bridge to recovery in acute and chronic heart failure显示文摘Cardiac recovery from cardiogenic shock(CS) and end-stage chronic heart failure(HF) remains anoften insurmountable therapeutic challenge. The counterpulsation technique exerts numerous beneficial effects on systemic hemodynamics and left ventricular mechanoenergetics, rendering it attractive for promoting myocardial recovery in both acute and chronic HF. Although a recent clinical trial has questioned the clinical effectiveness of short-term hemodynamic support with intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP, the main representative of the counterpulsation technique) in CS complicating myocardial infarction, the issue remains open to further investigation. Moreover, preliminary data suggest that long-term IABP support in patients with end-stage HF is safe and may mediate recovery of left- or/and right-sided cardiac function, facilitating long-term weaning from mechanical support or enabling the application of other permanent, life-saving solutions. The potential of long-term counterpulsation could possibly be enhanced by implementation of novel, fully implantable counterpulsation devices. | Christos D Kontogiannis Konstantinos Malliaras Chris J Kapelios Jay W Mason John N Nanas | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，1： | 4 |
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