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| 1 | Relocation of the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershock sequence显示文摘We relocated M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and 2706 aftershocks with M≥2.0 using double-difference algorithm and obtained relocations of 2553 events. To reduce the influence of lateral variation in crustal and upper mantle velocity structure, we used different velocity models for the east and west side of Longmenshan fault zone. In the relocation process, we added seismic data from portable seismic sta-tions close to the shocks to constrain focal depths. The precisions in E-W, N-S, and U-D directions after relocation are 0.6, 0.7, and 2.5 km respectively. The relocation results show that the aftershock epi-centers of Wenchuan earthquake were distributed in NE-SW direction, with a total length of about 330 km. The aftershocks were concentrated on the west side of the central fault of Longmenshan fault zone, excluding those on the north of Qingchuan, which obviously deviated from the surface fault and passed through Pingwu-Qingchuan fault in the north. The dominant focal depths of the aftershocks are between 5 and 20 km, the average depth is 13.3 km, and the depth of the relocated main shock is 16.0 km. The depth profile reveals that focal depth distribution in some of the areas is characterized by high-angle westward dipping. The rupture mode of the main shock features reverse faulting in the south, with a large strike-slip component in the north. | HUANG Yuan WU JianPing ZHANG TianZhong ZHANG DongNing | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，12： | 64 |
| 2 | Phase II clinical trial using camrelizumab combined with apatinib and chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma显示文摘Background:Effective therapeutic options are limited for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).The incorporation of an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a molecular anti-angiogenic agent into the commonly adopted chemotherapy may produce synergistic effects.Therefore,we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab plus apatinib combined with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of advanced ESCC.Methods:In this single-arm prospective phase II trial,patients with unresectable locally advanced or recurrent/metastatic ESCC received camrelizumab 200 mg,liposomal paclitaxel 150 mg/m2,and nedaplatin 50 mg/m2 on day 1,and apatinib 250 mg on days 1-14.The treatments were repeated every 14 days for up to 9 cycles,followed by maintenance therapy with camrelizumab and apatinib.The primary endpoint was objective response rate(ORR)according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(version 1.1).Secondary endpoints included disease control rate(DCR),progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),and safety.Results:We enrolled 30 patients between August 7,2018 and February 23,2019.The median follow-up was 24.98 months(95%confidence interval[CI]:23.05-26.16 months).The centrally assessed ORR was 80.0%(95%CI:61.4%-92.3%),with a median duration of response of 9.77 months(range:1.54 to 24.82+months).The DCR reached 96.7%(95%CI:82.8%-99.9%).The median PFS was 6.85 months(95%CI:4.46-14.20 months),and the median OS was 19.43 months(95%CI:9.93 months–not reached).The most common grade 3-4 treatmentrelated adverse events(AEs)were leukopenia(83.3%),neutropenia(60.0%),and increased aspartate aminotransferase level(26.7%).Treatment-related serious AEs included febrile neutropenia,leukopenia,and anorexia in one patient(3.3%),and single cases of increased blood bilirubin level(3.3%)and toxic epidermal necrolysis(3.3%).No treatment-related deaths occurred.Conclusions:Camrelizumab plus apatinib combined with liposomal paclitaxel and nedaplatin as first-line treatment demonstrated feasible anti-tumor activity and manageable safety in patients with advanced ESCC.Randomized trials to evaluate this new combination strategy are warranted.Trial registration:This trial was registered on July 27,2018,at ClinicalTrials.gov(identifier:NCT03603756). | Bo Zhang Ling Qi Xi Wang Jianping Xu Yun Liu Lan Mu Xingyuan Wang Lidan Bai Jing Huang | 2020 | Cancer Communications2020，40，12： | 38 |
| 3 | Mineralogical and geochemical features of sulfide chimneys from the 49°39′E hydrothermal field on the Southwest Indian Ridge and their geological inferences显示文摘During January–May in 2007,the Chinese research cruise DY115-19 discovered an active hydrothermal field at 49°39′E/37°47′S on the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR).This was also the first active hydrothermal field found along an ultraslow-spreading ridge.We analyzed mineralogical,textural and geochemical compositions of the sulfide chimneys obtained from the 49°39′E field.Chimney samples show a concentric mineral zone around the fluid channel.The mineral assemblages of the interiors consist mainly of chalcopyrite,with pyrite and sphalerite as minor constitunets.In the intermediate portion,pyrite becomes the dominant mineral,with chalcopyrite and sphalerite as minor constitunets.For the outer wall,the majority of minerals are pyrite and sphalerite,with few chalcopyrite.Towards the outer margin of the chimney wall,the mineral grains become small and irregular in shape gradually,while minerals within interstices are abundant.These features are similar to those chimney edifices found on the East Pacific Rise and Mid-Atlantic Ridge.The average contents of Cu,Fe and Zn in our chimney samples were 2.83 wt%,45.6 wt% and 3.28 wt%,respectively.The average Au and Ag contents were up to 2.0 ppm and 70.2 ppm respectively,higher than the massive sulfides from most hydrothermal fields along mid-ocean ridge.The rare earth elements geochemistry of the sulfide chimneys show a pattern distinctive from the sulfides recovered from typical hydrothermal fields along sedimentstarved mid-ocean ridge,with the enrichment of light rare earth elements but the weak,mostly negative,Eu anomaly.This is attributed to the distinct mineralization environment or fluid compositions in this area. | TAO ChunHui LI HuaiMing HUANG Wei HAN XiQiu WU GuangHai SU Xin ZHOU Ning LIN Jian HE YongHua ZHOU JianPing | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，26： | 34 |
| 4 | The state-of-the-art of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite mission显示文摘The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES) mission was proposed in 2003 and approved in 2013 after ten years' scientific and engineering demonstrations. To meet the requirement of scientific objectives, the satellite is designed to be in a sunsynchronous orbit with an altitude of 507 km and descending node time of 14:00 LT. The CSES satellite carries 8 instruments,including search-coil magnetometer(SCM), electric field detector(EFD), high precision magnetometer(HPM), GNSS occultation receiver(GOR), plasma analyzer package(PAP), langmuir probe(LAP), high energetic particle package(HEPP) and detector(HEPD), and tri-band beacon(TBB), among which HEPD is provided by Italian Space Agency. The CSES satellite was launched successfully on February 2, 2018, and is planned to operate for 5 years. The CSES mission is the first satellite in China to measure geophysical fields, which will have a lot of application prospects in the study of seismology, geophysics, space sciences, and so on. | SHEN XuHui ZHANG XueMin YUAN ShiGeng WANG LanWei CAO JinBin HUANG JianPing ZHU Xing Hong PIERGIORGIO Picozzo DAI JianPing | 2018 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2018，61，5： | 33 |
| 5 | Dusty cloud radiative forcing derived from satellite data for middle latitude regions of East Asia显示文摘尘封的云在东亚的中间的纬度区域上的放射的强迫被使用估计 2 年(7 月 2002-June 日 2004 ) 并置的云和地球的绚烂的精力系统(谷神星) 的数据从水编辑 1B SSF (单个扫描仪脚印) 的扫描仪和中等分辨率成像分光辐射函数(MODIS ) 。尘封的云在灰尘暴风雨环境被定义为云或灰尘污染了云。为面对灰尘成长的云,在空气(TOA ) 的顶强迫的即时短波(SW ) 关于 -275.7 W/m 2 为阴郁灰尘(货到付款) 区域。在没有灰尘开发云(CLD ) 区域的云产出最否定的短波(SW ) forcint (是大约 12.8% 的 -311.0 W/m 2), 比那些强壮在货到付款区域。为长波浪(LW ) 放射的强迫,没有灰尘云(CLD ) 在是 20% 的 102.8 W/m 2, 附近不到从货到付款区域强迫的 LW。为 CLD 区域的放射的强迫关于是 42.1% 的 -208.2W/m2, 的即时 TOA 网比货到付款区域的价值大。在云下面的灰尘喷雾器的存在显著地减少云的冷却效果。 | HUANG Jianping WANG Yujie WANG Tianhe YI Yuhong | 2006 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2006，16，10： | 20 |
| 6 | The China Alzheimer Report 2022显示文摘China’s population has rapidly aged over the recent decades of social and economic development as neurodegenerative disorders have proliferated,especially Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and related dementias(ADRD).AD’s incidence rate,morbidity,and mortality have steadily increased to make it presently the fifth leading cause of death among urban and rural residents in China and magnify the resulting financial burdens on individuals,families and society.The‘Healthy China Action’plan of 2019-2030 promotes the transition from disease treatment to health maintenance for this expanding population with ADRD.This report describes related epidemiological trends,evaluates the economic burden of the disease,outlines current clinical diagnosis and treatment status and delineates existing available public health resources.More specifically,it examines the public health impact of ADRD,including prevalence,mortality,costs,usage of care,and the overall effect on caregivers and society.In addition,this special report presents technical guidance and supports for the prevention and treatment of AD,provides expertise to guide relevant governmental healthcare policy development and suggests an information platform for international exchange and cooperation. | Rujing Ren Jinlei Qi Shaohui Lin Xinya Liu Peng Yin Zhihui Wang Ran Tang Jintao Wang Qiang Huang Jianping Li Xinyi Xie Yongbo Hu Shishuang Cui Yuan Zhu Xiaoping Yu Pengfei Wang Yikang Zhu Yiran Wang Yanyan Huang Yisong Hu Ying Wang Chunbo Li Maigeng Zhou Gang Wang | 2022 | General Psychiatry2022，35，1： | 20 |
| 7 | Spatial and temporal distribution of MODIS and MISR aerosol optical depth over northern China and comparison with AERONET显示文摘Aerosol optical depths (AODs) from MODIS and MISR onboard the Terra satellite are assessed by comparison with measurements from four AERONET sites located in northern China for the period 2006-2009. The results show that MISR performs better than MODIS at the SACOL and Beijing sites. For the Xianghe and Xinglong sites, MODIS AOD retrievals are better than those of MISR. Overall, the relative error of the Angstrom exponent from MISR compared with AERONET is about 14%, but the MODIS error can reach 30%. Thus, it may be better to use the MISR Angstrom exponent to derive wavelength-dependent AOD values when calculating the aerosol radiative forcing in a radiative transfer model. Seasonal analysis of AOD over most of China shows two main areas with high aerosol loading: the Taklimakan Desert region and the southern part of North China and northern part of East China. The locations of these two areas of high aerosol loading do not change with season, but the AOD values have significant seasonal variation. The largest AOD value in the Taklimakan appears in spring when the Angstrom exponents are the lowest, which means the particle radii are relatively large. Over North and East China, the highest aerosol loading appears in summer. The aerosol particles are smallest in summer over both high-AOD areas. | QI YuLei GE JinMing HUANG JianPing | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，20： | 19 |
| 8 | Advances in studying interactions between aerosols and monsoon in China显示文摘Scientific issues relevant to interactions between aerosols and the Asian monsoon climate were discussed and evaluated at the 33 rd 'Forum of Science and Technology Frontiers' sponsored by the Department of Earth Sciences at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Major results are summarized in this paper. The East Asian monsoon directly affects aerosol transport and provides a favorable background circulation for the occurrence and development of persistent fog-haze weather. Spatial features of aerosol transport and distribution are also influenced by the East Asian monsoon on seasonal, inter-annual, and decadal scales. High moisture levels in monsoon regions also affect aerosol optical and radiative properties. Observation analyses indicate that cloud physical properties and precipitation are significantly affected by aerosols in China with aerosols likely suppressing local light and moderate rainfall, and intensifying heavy rainfall in southeast coastal regions. However, the detailed mechanisms behind this pattern still need further exploration. The decadal variation in the East Asian monsoon strongly affects aerosol concentrations and their spatial patterns. The weakening monsoon circulation in recent decades has likely helped to increase regional aerosol concentrations. The substantial increase in Chinese air pollutants has likely decreased the temperature difference between land and sea, which favors intensification of the weakening monsoon circulation. Constructive suggestions regarding future studies on aerosols and monsoons were proposed in this forum and key uncertain issues were also discussed. | WU GuoXiong LI ZhanQing FU CongBin ZHANG XiaoYe ZHANG RenYi ZHANG RenHe ZHOU TianJun LI JianPing LI JianDong ZHOU DeGang WU Liang ZHOU LianTong HE Bian HUANG RongHui | 2016 | Science China Earth Sciences2016，59，1： | 16 |
| 9 | Progress in Semi-arid Climate Change Studies in China显示文摘This article reviews recent progress in semi-arid climate change research in China.Results indicate that the areas of semiarid regions have increased rapidly during recent years in China,with an increase of 33%during 1994-2008 compared to 1948-62.Studies have found that the expansion rate of semi-arid areas over China is nearly 10 times higher than that of arid and sub-humid areas,and is mainly transformed from sub-humid/humid regions.Meanwhile,the greatest warming during the past 100 years has been observed over semi-arid regions in China,and mainly induced by radiatively forced processes.The intensity of the regional temperature response over semi-arid regions has been amplified by land-atmosphere interactions and human activities.The decadal climate variation in semi-arid regions is modulated by oceanic oscillations,which induce land-sea and north-south thermal contrasts and affect the intensities of westerlies,planetary waves and blocking frequencies.In addition,the drier climates in semi-arid regions across China are also associated with the weakened East Asian summer monsoon in recent years.Moreover,dust aerosols in semi-arid regions may have altered precipitation by affecting the local energy and hydrological cycles.Finally,semi-arid regions in China are projected to continuously expand in the 21st century,which will increase the risk of desertification in the near future. | Jianping HUANG Jieru MA Xiaodan GUAN Yue LI Yongli HE | 2019 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2019，36，9： | 15 |
| 10 | Towards an Artificial Intelligence Framework for Data-Driven Prediction of Coronavirus Clinical Severity显示文摘The virus SARS-CoV2,which causes the Coronavirus disease COVID-19 has become a pandemic and has spread to every inhabited continent.Given the increasing caseload,there is an urgent need to augment clinical skills in order to identify from among the many mild cases the few that will progress to critical illness.We present a first step towards building an artificial intelligence(AI)framework,with predictive analytics(PA)capabilities applied to real patient data,to provide rapid clinical decision-making support.COVID-19 has presented a pressing need as a)clinicians are still developing clinical acumen given the disease’s novelty,and b)resource limitations in a rapidly expanding pandemic require difficult decisions relating to resource allocation.The objectives of this research are:(1)to algorithmically identify the combinations of clinical characteristics of COVID-19 that predict outcomes,and(2)to develop a tool with AI capabilities that will predict patients at risk for more severe illness on initial presentation.The predictive models learn from historical data to help predict specifically who will develop acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),a severe outcome in COVID-19.Our experimental results based on two hospitals in Wenzhou,Zhejang,China identify features most predictive of ARDS in COVID-19 initial presentation which would not have stood out to clinicians.A mild increase in elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(a liver enzyme)),a presence of myalgias(body aches),and an increase in hemoglobin,in this order,are the clinical features,on presentation,that are the most predictive.Those two centers’COVID-19 case series symptoms on initial presentation can help predict severe outcomes.Predictive models that learned from historical data of patients from two Chinese hospitals achieved 70%to 80%accuracy in predicting severe cases. | Xiangao Jiang Megan Coffee Anasse Bari Junzhang Wang Xinyue Jiang Jianping Huang Jichan Shi Jianyi Dai Jing Cai Tianxiao Zhang Zhengxing Wu Guiqing He Yitong Huang | 2020 | Computers, Materials & Continua2020，，4： | 15 |
| 11 | The global oxygen budget and its future projection显示文摘Atmospheric oxygen (O_2 ) is the most crucial element on earth for the aerobic organisms that depend on it to release energy from carbon-based macromolecules. This is the first study to systematically analyze the global O_2 budget and its changes over the past 100 years. It is found that anthropogenic fossil fuel combustion is the largest contributor to the current O_2 deficit, which consumed 2.0 Gt/a in 1900 and has increased to 38.2 Gt/a by 2015. Under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) RCP8.5 scenario, approximately 100Gt (gigatonnes) of O_2 would be removed from the atmosphere per year until 2100,and the O_2 concentration will decrease from its current level of 20.946%to 20.825%. Human activities have caused irreversible decline of atmospheric O_2 . It is time to take actions to promote O_2 production and reduce O_2 consumption. | Jianping Huang Jiping Huang Xiaoyue Liu Changyu Li Lei Ding Haipeng Yu | 2018 | Science Bulletin2018，63，18： | 14 |
| 12 | Comparison of dust emissions, transport, and deposition between the Taklimakan Desert and Gobi Desert from 2007 to 2011显示文摘The Taklimakan Desert(TD) and Gobi Desert(GD) are two of the most important dust sources in East Asia, and have important impact on energy budgets, ecosystems and water cycles at regional and even global scales. To investigate the contribution of the TD and the GD to dust concentrations in East Asia as a whole, dust emissions, transport, and deposition over the TD and the GD in different seasons from 2007 to 2011 were systematically compared, based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem). Dust emissions, uplift, and long-range transport related to these two dust source regions were markedly different due to differences in topography, elevation, thermal conditions, and atmospheric circulation. Specifically,the topography of the GD is relatively flat, and at a high elevation, and the area is under the influence of two jet streams at high altitudes, resulting in high wind speeds in the upper atmosphere. Deep convective mixing enables the descending branch of jet streams to continuously transport momentum downward to the mid-troposphere, leading to enhanced wind speeds in the lower troposphere over the GD which favors the vertical uplift of the GD dust particles. Therefore, the GD dust was very likely to be transported under the effect of strong westerly jets, and thus played the most important role in contributing to dust concentrations in East Asia. Approximately 35% and 31% of dust emitted from the GD transported to remote areas in East Asia in spring and summer, respectively. The TD has the highest dust emission capabilities in East Asia, with emissions of about 70.54 Tg yr.1 in spring, accounting for 42% of the total dust emissions in East Asia. However, the TD is located in the Tarim Basin and surrounded by mountains on three sides. Furthermore, the dominant surface wind direction is eastward and the average wind speed at high altitudes is relatively small over the TD. As a result, the TD dust particles are not easily transported outside the Tarim Basin, such that most of the dust particles are re-deposited after uplift, at a total deposition rate of about 40 g m.2. It is only when the TD dust particles are uplifted above 4 km, and entrained in westerlies that they begin to undergo a long-range transport. Therefore,the contribution of the TD dust to East Asian dust concentrations was relatively small. Only 25% and 23% of the TD dust was transported to remote areas over East Asia in spring and summer, respectively. | CHEN SiYu HUANG JianPing LI JingXin JIA Rui JIANG NanXuan KANG LiTai MA XiaoJun XIE TingTing | 2017 | Science China Earth Sciences2017，60，7： | 14 |
| 13 | Dryland Expansion in Northern China from 1948 to 2008显示文摘This study examines the expansion of drylands and regional climate change in northern China by analyzing the variations in aridity index(AI), surface air temperature(SAT), precipitation and potential evapotranspiration(PET) from 1948 to 2008.It is found that the drylands of northern China have expanded remarkably in the last 61 years. The area of drylands of the last 15 years(1994–2008) is 0.65 × 106km2(12%) larger than that in the period 1948–62. The boundary of drylands has extended eastward over Northeast China by about 2° of longitude and by about 1° of latitude to the south along the middleto-lower reaches of the Yellow River. A zonal band of expansion of semi-arid regions has occurred, stretching from western Heilongjiang Province to southern Gansu Province, while shifts to the east of semi-arid regions in dry subhumid regions have also occurred. Results show that the aridity trend of drylands in northern China is highly correlated with the long-term trend of precipitation and PET, and the expansion of semi-arid regions plays a dominant role in the areal extent of drylands, which is nearly 10 times larger than that in arid and subhumid regions. | LI Yue HUANG Jianping JI Mingxia RAN Jinjiang | 2015 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2015，32，6： | 12 |
| 14 | Estimation of ground heat flux and its impact on the surface energy budget for a semi-arid grassland显示文摘Three approaches,i.e.,the harmonic analysis(HA) technique,the thermal diffusion equation and correction(TDEC) method,and the calorimetric method used to estimate ground heat flux,are evaluated by using observations from the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University(SACOL) in July,2008.The calorimetric method,which involves soil heat flux measurement with an HFP01SC self-calibrating heat flux plate buried at a depth of 5 cm and heat storage in the soil between the plate and the surface,is here called the ITHP approach.The results show good linear relationships between the soil heat fluxes measured with the HFP01SC heat flux plate and those calculated with the HA technique and the TDEC method,respectively,at a depth of 5 cm.The soil heat fluxes calculated with the latter two methods well follow the phase measured with the HFP01SC heat flux plate.The magnitudes of the soil heat flux calculated with the HA technique and the TDEC method are close to each other,and they are about 2 percent and 6 percent larger than the measured soil heat flux,respectively,which mainly occur during the nighttime.Moreover,the ground heat fluxes calculated with the TDEC method and the HA technique are highly correlated with each other(R2 = 0.97),and their difference is only about 1 percent.The TDEC-calculated ground heat flux also has a good linear relationship with the ITHP-calculated ground heat flux(R2 = 0.99),but their difference is larger(about 9 percent).Furthermore,compared to the HFP01SC direct measurements at a depth of 5 cm,the ground heat flux calculated with the HA technique,the TDEC method,and the ITHP approach can improve the surface energy budget closure by about 6 percent,7 percent,and 6 percent at SACOL site,respectively.Therefore,the contribution of ground heat flux to the surface energy budget is very important for the semi-arid grassland over the Loess Plateau in China.Using turbulent heat fluxes with common corrections,soil heat storage be-tween the surface and the heat flux plate can improve the surface energy budget closure by about 6 to 7 percent,resulting in a clo-sure of 82 to 83 percent at the SACOL site. | JinQing Zuo JieMin Wang JianPing Huang WeiJing Li GuoYin Wang HongLi Ren | 2011 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2011，3，1： | 11 |
| 15 | Forecast scheme and strategy for extended-range predictable components显示文摘Although extended-range forecasting has exceeded the limit of daily predictability of weather,there are still partially predictable characteristics of meteorological fields in such forecasts.A targeted forecast scheme and strategy for extended-range predictable components is proposed.Based on chaotic characteristics of the atmosphere,predictable components and unpredictable random components are separated by using the standpoint of error growth in a numerical model.The predictable components are defined as those with slow error growth at a given range,which are not sensitive to small errors in initial conditions. A numerical model for predictable components(NMPC)is established,by filtering random components with poor predictability.The aim is to maintain predictable components and avoid the influence of rapidly growing forecast errors on small scales. Meanwhile,the analogue-dynamical approach(ADA)is used to correct forecast errors of predictable components,to decrease model error and statistically take into account the influence of random components.The scheme is applied to operational dynamical extended-range forecast(DERF)model of the National Climate Center of China Meteorological Administration (NCC/CMA).Prediction results show that the scheme can improve forecast skill of predictable components to some extent, especially in high predictability regions.Forecast skill at zonal wave zero is improved more than for ultra-long waves and synoptic-scale waves.Results show good agreement with predictability of spatial scale.As a result,the scheme can reduce forecast errors and improve forecast skill,which favors operational use. | ZHENG ZhiHai HUANG JianPing FENG GuoLin CHOU JiFan | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，5： | 9 |
| 16 | Application of wavelet transform in feature extraction and pattern recognition of wideband echoes显示文摘A novel approach to extract edge features from wideband echo is proposed. The set of extracted features not only represents the echo waveform in a concise way, but also is sufficient and well suited for classification of non-stationary echo data from objects with different property.The feature extraction is derived from the Discrete Dyadic Wavlet Transform (DDWT) of the echo through the undecimated algorithm. The motivation we use the DDWT is that it is time-shift-invariant which is beneficial for localization of edge, and the wavelet coefficients at larger scale represent the main shape feature of echo, i.e. edge, and the noise and modulated high-frequency components are reduced with scale increased. Some experimental results using real data which contain 144 samples from 4 classes of lake bottoms with different sediments are provided. The results show that our approach is a prospective way to represent wideband echo for reliable recognition of nonstationary echo with great variability. | ZHAO Jianping HUANG Jianguo ZHANG Huafeng(College of Marine Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an 710072) | 1998 | Chinese Journal of Acoustics1998，17，3： | 8 |
| 17 | The Electric Field Detector (EFD) onboard the ZH-1 satellite and firstobservational results显示文摘Previous studies have reported that, before or after occurrences of strong earthquakes, some low earth orbit satellites recorded ionospheric disturbances, including electromagnetic emissions and plasma fluctuations over the epicenter region or its conjugate point.Theoretically speaking, due to some electromagnetic coupling effect, electromagnetic emissions from the earthquake preparation zone could propagate from the lithosphere to the atmosphere, and could reach the ionosphere, even up to the inner magnetosphere. This paper introduces the electric field detector(EFD) onboard the ZhangHeng-1 satellite(ZH-1). The EFD is designed to measure electric field fluctuations within the broad frequency range of DC to 3.5 MHz, divided into 4 channels: ULF(DC–16 Hz), ELF(6 Hz–2.2 kHz), VLF(1.8 kHz–20 kHz) and HF(18 kHz–3.5 MHz). The sampling rates of the channels are 125 Hz, 5 kHz, 50 kHz and 10 MHz, respectively. The EFD includes4 spherical probes mounted on a over 4.5 m boom and an electronic box inside the satellite module. The resolution of the EFD is 1μV·m-1·Hz-1/2 at frequencies from DC to 16 Hz, and the sensitivity is 0.1 μV·m-1·Hz-1/2 at frequencies from 6 Hz to 2.2 kHz, 0.05 μV·m-1·Hz-1/2 in the band 1.8 kHz to 20 kHz, and 0.1μV·m-1·Hz-1/2 from 20 kHz to 3.5 MHz. The dynamic range from DC to 20 kHz is over 120 dB, and over96 dB from 20 kHz to 3.5 MHz. The EFD has two observation modes: survey mode and burst mode. The survey mode concentrates primarily on electric field power density values; the burst mode provides high sampling rate waveform data. The detailed configuration of the EFD onboard the ZH-1 is also introduced in this paper. During the six months' orbit test phase, the EFD recorded a number of natural electromagnetic emissions. Preliminary analysis of these data suggests that the EFD performs well onboard the ZH-1 and is meeting the requirements of the scientific objectives of ZH-1. | JianPing Huang JunGang Lei ShiXun Li ZhiMa Zeren Cheng Li XingHong Zhu WeiHao Yu | 2018 | Earth and Planetary Physics2018，2，6： | 8 |
| 18 | Causes and Changes of Drought in China:Research Progress and Prospects显示文摘Drought is one of the most serious and extensive natural hazards in the world.Subject to monsoon climate variability,China is particularly influenced by drought hazards,especially meteorological drought.Based on a comprehensive understanding of the current status of international drought research,this paper systematically reviews the history and achievements of drought research in China since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,from four main perspectives:characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of historical and recent drought events,drought formation mechanism and change trend,drought hazard risk,and the particular flash drought.The progress and problems of drought research in China are analyzed and future prospects are proposed,with emphasis on the multi-factor synergetic effect for drought formation;the effect of land-atmosphere interaction;identification,monitoring,and prediction of flash drought;categorization of drought and characteristics among various types of drought;the agricultural drought development;drought response to climate warming;and assessment of drought hazard risks.It is suggested that strengthening scientific experimental research on drought in China is imperative.The present review is conducive to strategic planning of drought research and application,and may facilitate further development of drought research in China. | Qiang ZHANG Yubi YAO Yaohui LI Jianping HUANG Zhuguo MA Zhilan WANG Suping WANG Ying WANG Yu ZHANG | 2020 | Journal of Meteorological Research2020，34，3： | 8 |
| 19 | Estimation of Gridded Atmospheric Oxygen Consumption from 1975 to 2018显示文摘Atmospheric Oxygen(O2)is one of the dominating features that allow the earth to be a habitable planet with advanced civilization and diverse biology.However,since the late 1980 s,observational data have indicated a steady decline in O2 content on the scale of parts-per-million level.The current scientific consensus is that the decline is caused by the fossil-fuel combustion;however,few works have been done to quantitatively evaluate the response of O2 cycle under the anthropogenic impact,at both the global and regional scales.This paper manages to quantify the land O2 flux and makes the initial step to quantificationally describe the anthropogenic impacts on the global O2 budget.Our estimation reveals that the global O2 consumption has experienced an increase from 33.69±1.11 to47.63±0.80 Gt(gigaton,109 t)O2yr^-1 between 2000 and 2018,while the land production of O2(totaling 11.34±13.48 Gt O2yr^-1 averaged over the same period)increased only slightly.In 2018,the combustion of fossil-fuel and industrial activities(38.45±0.61 Gt O2yr^-1)contributed the most to consumption,followed by wildfires(4.97±0.48 Gt O2yr^-1)as well as livestock and human respiration processes(2.48±0.16 and 1.73±0.13 Gt O2yr^-1,respectively).Burning of fossil-fuel that causes large O2 fluxes occurs in East Asia,India,North America,and Europe,while wildfires that cause large fluxes in comparable magnitude are mainly distributed in central Africa. | Xiaoyue LIU Jianping HUANG Jiping HUANG Changyu LI Lei DING Wenjun MENG | 2020 | Journal of Meteorological Research2020，34，3： | 8 |
| 20 | An Overview of Mineral Dust Modeling over East Asia显示文摘East Asian dust(EAD) exerts considerable impacts on the energy balance and climate/climate change of the earth system through its influence on solar and terrestrial radiation, cloud properties, and precipitation efficiency. Providing an accurate description of the life cycle and climate effects of EAD is therefore critical to better understanding of climate change and socioeconomic development in East Asia and even worldwide. Dust modeling has undergone substantial development since the late 1990 s, associated with improved understanding of the role of EAD in the earth system. Here, we review the achievements and progress made in recent decades in terms of dust modeling research,including dust emissions, long-range transport, radiative forcing(RF), and climate effects of dust particles over East Asia. Numerous efforts in dust/EAD modeling have been directed towards furnishing more sophisticated physical and chemical processes into the models on higher spatial resolutions. Meanwhile, more systematic observations and more advanced retrieval methods for instruments that address EAD related science issues have made it possible to evaluate model results and quantify the role of EAD in the earth system, and to further reduce the uncertainties in EAD simulations. Though much progress has been made, large discrepancies and knowledge gaps still exist among EAD simulations. The deficiencies and limitations that pertain to the performance of the EAD simulations referred to in the present study are also discussed. | Siyu CHEN Jianping HUANG Yun QIAN Chun ZHAO Litai KANG Ben YANG Yong WANG Yuzhi LIU Tiangang YUAN Tianhe WANG Xiaojun MA Guolong ZHANG | 2017 | Journal of Meteorological Research2017，31，4： | 7 |
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