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| 1 | 棉花高品质纤维性状的主基因与多基因遗传分析显示文摘利用主基因与多基因混合遗传模型联合分析方法 ,通过纤维强度不同的 5个亲本配制的 8个组合 ,研究了棉花主要纤维品质性状的遗传。联合分析发现 ,在不同性状不同组配方式的 14个组合中 ,有 12个存在主基因 ,表明了纤维性状主基因存在的普遍性 ,以F2∶3 家系的预测效果最好 ;双亲纤维品质性状均存在较大差异的组合——— 72 35×TM1F2 代强度主基因的遗传率为 0 .196 ,麦克隆值为 0 .32 0 ,长度为 0 .139,回交世代的主基因遗传率小。除纤维长度总的显性效应为较高的正值外 ,其余各纤维性状的主基因显性与多基因显性的总和为负值或接近 0 ,杂合状态下大多数纤维品质性状表型值会偏向中亲值或低亲值 ,单纯依靠表型选择效率低。因此 。 | 袁有禄 张天真 郭旺珍 John Yu RussellJ Kohel | 2002 | Acta Genetica Sinica2002，29，9： | 61 |
| 2 | Gut flora and bacterial translocation in chronic liver disease显示文摘增加的证据建议内脏植物群的精神错乱具有到有肝硬化的病人的实质的临床的关联。特别地,肠的细菌的增生和从肠的腔的内脏植物群的增加的细菌的易位在这个组为细菌的感染预先安排到一个增加的潜力。最近的研究建议除了他们在公开易传染的事件的致病和败血的临床的后果的角色,内脏植物群甚至当公开感染不在时贡献肝硬化的支持 inflammatory 状态。而且,内脏植物群的操作可以有利在肝脏硬化症的病人影响肝功能与更病原的潜力在损坏另外的内脏植物群种类的情况下扩充乳的酸类型的细菌的肠的内容。这里,我们在这个组考察在内脏植物群,细菌的易位,细菌的感染,支持 inflammatory cytokine 生产和肝功能之间的各种各样的相互关系的当前的概念。 | John Almeida Sumedha Galhenage Jennifer Yu Jelica Kurtovic Stephen M Riordan | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，10： | 37 |
| 3 | 棉花高品质纤维性状QTLs的分子标记筛选及其定位显示文摘利用 72 35、TM - 1亲本 (P1 、P2 ) ,以及 ( 72 35×TM - 1 )F1 、F2 (南京和美国 2个环境 )与F2 3(南京和海南 2个环境 )家系群体 ,根据F2 与F2 3的纤维品质性状表现 ,构建了纤维强度、细度与长度的极值DNA混合池 ,通过 2 2 1对SSR引物、1 840个RAPD引物对亲本和极值DNA混合池筛选 ,共得到了 1 3个多态性标记 ,其中 8个标记可能与高强有关 ,1个标记与低强有关 ;3个标记与麦克隆值有关 ;1个与绒长有关。进一步通过F2 分离群体检测 ,连锁分析表明与高强有关的 8个标记 ( 2个SSR标记和 6个RAPD标记 )紧密连锁 ,覆盖 1 5 .5cM。这一高强纤维的QTL ,4个环境中均以FSR1 933为最近 ,相距不超过 0 .6cM ,能解释 35 %的F2 变异 ,5 3.8%的F2 3的表型变异 ,是目前纤维强度单个QTL效应最大的 ,多个环境下稳定 ,可以直接用于标记辅助育种。单体测验表明 ,该在棉花的第 1 0染色体上。麦克隆值的一个主效QTL标记FMR1 60 3,在F2 中能解释 7.8%的变异 ,在F2 3中能解释 2 5 .4%的变异 ,同样表现环境稳定。纤维长度的一个标记FLR1 1 550 ,在 3个环境中预测到 ,最大能解释 9.5 | 袁有禄 张天真 郭旺珍 沈新莲 John Yu RussellJ Kohel | 2001 | Acta Genetica Sinica2001，28，12： | 37 |
| 4 | 棉花高强纤维QTLs的微卫星标记筛选显示文摘利用我国培育的高强纤维种质系 72 35为材料 ,开展了棉花高强纤维基因或 QTL微卫星标记的筛选。通过2 11对 SSR引物的筛选 ,鉴定出与高强纤维 QTL连锁的 SSR标记 3个 :NAU / SSR/ fs11 30 、NAU / SSR/ fs2 1 90 、NAU /SSR/ fs32 2 0 。 NAU / SSR/ fs11 30 、NAU / SSR/ fs2 1 90 两个标记紧密连锁 ,重组率为 2 .3c M,标记的 QTL占 (72 35× TM- 1)F2 分离群体总遗传变异的 30 .9%。此外 ,这一标记的 QTL在不同年份不同环境表现稳定 ,这是鉴定出的一个控制棉花高强纤维表现的主效位点。NAU/ SSR/ fs32 2 0 与另一个高强纤维 QTL 连锁 ,但遗传效应值小 ,不稳定。单体测验表明 ,NAU/ SSR/ fs11 30 、NAU/ SSR/ fs2 1 90 标记的 QTL 位于第 10染色体上 ,而 NAU/ SSR/ fs32 2 0 标记的 QTL 位于第 | 张天真 袁有禄 郭旺珍 John Yu Russell J Kohel | 2001 | 中国农业科学2001，34，4： | 24 |
| 5 | Suppression of m6A reader Ythdf2 promotes hematopoietic stem cell expansion显示文摘 | Zhenrui Li Pengxu Qian Wanqing Shao Hailing Shi Xi C. He Madelaine Gogol Zulin Yu Yongfu Wang Meijie Qi Yunfei Zhu John M. Perry Kai Zhang Fang Tao Kun Zhou Deqing Hu Yingli Han Chongbei Zhao Richard Alexander Hanzhang Xu Shiyuan Chen Allison Peak Kathyrn Hall Michael Peterson Anoja Perera Jeffrey S. Haug Tari Parmely Hua Li Bin Shen Julia Zeitlinger Chuan He Linheng Li | 2018 | Cell Research2018，28，9： | 18 |
| 6 | A long-term Global LAnd Surface Satellite(GLASS)data-set for environmental studies显示文摘Recently,five Global LAnd Surface Satellite(GLASS)products have been released:leaf area index(LAI),shortwave broadband albedo,longwave broadband emissivity,incident short radiation,and photosynthetically active radiation(PAR).The first three products cover the years 19822012(LAI)and 19812010(albedo and emissivity)at 15 km and 8-day resolutions,and the last two radiation products span the period 20082010 at 5 km and 3-h resolutions.These products have been evaluated and validated,and the preliminary results indicate that they are of higher quality and accuracy than the existing products.In particular,the first three products have much longer time series,and are therefore highly suitable for various environmental studies.This paper outlines the algorithms,product characteristics,preliminary validation results,potential applications and some examples of initial analysis of these products. | Shunlin Liang Xiang Zhao Suhong Liu Wenping Yuan Xiao Cheng Zhiqiang Xiao Xiaotong Zhang Qiang Liu Jie Cheng Hairong Tang Yonghua Qu Yancheng Bo Ying Qu Huazhong Ren Kai Yu John Townshend | 2013 | International Journal of Digital Earth2013，6，S01： | 16 |
| 7 | PM_(2.5) and PM_(10-2.5) chemical composition and source apportionment near a Hong Kong roadway显示文摘Twenty-four-hour PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) samples were collected simultaneously at a highly trafficked roadside site in Hong Kong every sixth day from October 2004 to September 2005.The mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),PM_(10-2.5)(defined as PM_(10)- PM_(2.5)),organic carbon(OC),elemental carbon(EC),water-soluble ions,and up to 25 elements were determined.Investigation of the chemical compositions and potential sources revealed distinct differences between PM_(2.5) and PM_(10-2.5).The annual average mass concentrations were 55.5±25.5 and 25.9±15.7 ug/m^3 for PM_(2.5) and PM_(10-2.5),respectively.EC,OM(OM =OC×1.4),and ammonium sulfate comprised over ~82% of PM_(2.5),accounting for^29%,~27%,and ~25%,respectively,of the PM_(2.5) mass.Low OC/EC ratios(less than 1) for PM_(2.5) suggested that fresh diesel-engine exhaust was a major contributor.Seven sources were resolved for PM_(2.5) by positive matrix factorization(PMF) model,including vehicle emissions(~29%),secondary inorganic aerosols(~27%),waste incinerator/biomass burning(~23%),residual oil combustion(~10%),marine aerosols(~6%),industrial exhaust(~4%),and resuspended road dust(~1%).EC and OM comprised only ~19%of PM_(10-2.5).The average OC/EC ratio of PM_(10-2.5) was 7.8±14.2,suggesting that sources other than vehicular exhaust were important contributors.The sources for PM_(10-2.5) determined by the PMF model included ~20%traffic-generated resuspension(e.g.,tire dust/brake linear/petrol evaporation),~17% locally resuspended road dust,~17% marine aerosols,~12% secondary aerosols/field burning,and ~11%vehicle emissions. | Yan Cheng Shuncheng Lee Zhaolin Gu Kinfai Ho Yunwei Zhang Yu Huang Judith C.Chow John G.Watson Junji Cao Renjian Zhang | 2015 | Particuology2015，13，1： | 14 |
| 8 | Inorganic semiconducting materials for flexible and stretchable electronics显示文摘Recent progress in the synthesis and deterministic assembly of advanced classes of single crystalline inorganic semiconductor nanomaterial establishes a foundation for high-performance electronics on bendable,and even elastomeric,substrates.The results allow for classes of systems with capabilities that cannot be reproduced using conventional wafer-based technologies.Specifically,electronic devices that rely on the unusual shapes/forms/constructs of such semiconductors can offer mechanical properties,such as flexibility and stretchability,traditionally believed to be accessible only via comparatively low-performance organic materials,with superior operational features due to their excellent charge transport characteristics.Specifically,these approaches allow integration of high-performance electronic functionality onto various curvilinear shapes,with linear elastic mechanical responses to large strain deformations,of particular relevance in bio-integrated devices and bio-inspired designs.This review summarizes some recent progress in flexible electronics based on inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials,the key associated design strategies and examples of device components and modules with utility in biomedicine. | Ki Jun Yu Zheng Yan Mengdi Han John A.Rogers | 2017 | npj Flexible Electronics2017，1，1： | 14 |
| 9 | Disassembly of the fruit cell wall by the ripening-associated polygalacturonase and expansin influences tomato cracking显示文摘Fruit cracking is an important problem in horticultural crop production.Polygalacturonase(SlPG)and expansin(SlEXP1)proteins cooperatively disassemble the polysaccharide network of tomato fruit cell walls during ripening and thereby,enable softening.A Golden 2-like(GLK2)transcription factor,SlGLK2 regulates unripe fruit chloroplast development and results in elevated soluble solids and carotenoids in ripe fruit.To determine whether SlPG,SlEXP1,or SlGLK2 influence the rate of tomato fruit cracking,the incidence of fruit epidermal cracking was compared between wild-type,Ailsa Craig(WT)and fruit with suppressed SlPG and SlEXP1 expression(pg/exp)or expressing a truncated nonfunctional Slglk2(glk2).Treating plants with exogenous ABA increases xylemic flow into fruit.Our results showed that ABA treatment of tomato plants greatly increased cracking of fruit from WT and glk2 mutant,but not from pg/exp genotypes.The pg/exp fruit were firmer,had higher total soluble solids,denser cell walls and thicker cuticles than fruit of the other genotypes.Fruit from the ABA treated pg/exp fruit had cell walls with less water-soluble and more ionically and covalently-bound pectins than fruit from the other lines,demonstrating that ripening-related disassembly of the fruit cell wall,but not elimination of SlGLK2,influences cracking.Cracking incidence was significantly correlated with cell wall and wax thickness,and the content of cell wall protopectin and cellulose,but not with Ca^(2+)content. | Fangling Jiang Alfonso Lopez Shinjae Jeon Sergio Tonetto de Freitas Qinghui Yu Zhen Wu John M.Labavitch Shengke Tian Ann L.T.Powell Elizabeth Mitcham | 2019 | Horticulture Research2019，6，1： | 13 |
| 10 | Metabolic Engineering of Plant-derived (E)-β-farnesene Synthase Genes for a Novel Type of Aphid-resistant Genetically Modified Crop Plants显示文摘Aphids are major agricultural pests that cause significant yield losses of crop plants each year.Excessive dependence on insec-ticides for long-term aphid control is undesirable because of the development of insecticide resistance,the potential negative effects on non-target organisms and environmental pollution.Transgenic crops engineered for resistance to aphids via a non-toxic mode of action could be an efficient alternative strategy.(E)-β-Farnesene (EβF) synthases catalyze the formation of EβF,which for many pest aphids is the main component of the alarm pheromone involved in the chemical communication within these species.EβF can also be synthesized by certain plants but is then normally contaminated with inhibitory compounds.Engineering of crop plants capable of synthesizing and emitting EβF could cause repulsion of aphids and also the attraction of natural enemies that use EβF as a foraging cue,thus minimizing aphid infestation.In this review,the effects of aphids on host plants,plants' defenses against aphid herbivory and the recruitment of natural enemies for aphid control in an agricultural setting are briefly introduced.Furthermore,the plant-derived EβF synthase genes cloned to date along with their potential roles in generating novel aphid resistance via genetically modified approaches are discussed. | Xiu-Dao Yu John Pickett You-Zhi Ma Toby Bruce Johnathan Napier Huw D.Jones Lan-Qin Xia | 2012 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2012，54，5： | 10 |
| 11 | 声波激励的超小型纳机电系统磁电天线显示文摘当前的小型天线依赖于电磁波的谐振,因此天线的尺寸与电磁波波长相关。典型的天线尺寸大于波长的1/10,而进一步缩小天线尺寸在近十年来都是一个公开的挑战。介绍一种通过悬浮铁氧/压电薄膜异质结构的声波激励纳机械磁电天线。这种磁电天线通过其在声波谐振频率处的磁电效应接收和发射电磁波。磁电天线中的体声波激发铁磁薄膜的磁化振荡,产生电磁波的辐射;反之,天线感应电磁波的磁场,得到压电电压输出。这种磁电天线(尺寸仅为波长的千分之一)比现有小型天线的尺寸小1到2个数量级,但性能却没有降低,在便携式无线通信系统中具有很大的应用潜力。 | Tianxiang Nan Hwaider Lin Yuan Gao Alexei Matyushov Guoliang Yu Huaihao Chen Neville Sun Shengjun Wei Zhiguang Wang Menghui Li Xinjun Wang Amine Belkessam Rongdi Guo Brian Chen James Zhou Zhenyun Qian Yu Hui Matteo Rinaldi Michael E.McConney BrANDon M.Howe Zhongqiang Hu John G.Jones Gail J.Brown Nian Xiang Sun 张建强(翻译) 陈鼎鼎(审校) | 2017 | 通信对抗2017，36，4： | 8 |
| 12 | Role of CD56-expressing immature biliary epithelial cells in biliary atresia显示文摘AIM: To analyze the clinical and pathological parameters and expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule(CD56) in patients with biliary atresia(BA).METHODS: Established clinical laboratory markers of hepatic function, including enzyme activity, protein synthesis, and bilirubin metabolism, were evaluated in patients with BA and compared with those in patients with choledochal cysts and neonatal hepatitis. Pathological changes in tissue morphology and fibrosis were examined by histological and tissue collagen staining. Immunohistochemical staining for the biliary epithelial cell markers CD56 and CK19 together with the Notch signaling related molecules Notch1 and Notch2 was performed in the context of alterations in the structure of intrahepatic biliary ducts.RESULTS: Differences in some clinical laboratoryparameters among the three diseases examined were observed, but they did not correlate with the pathological classification of fibrosis in BA. Immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of CD56-positive immature bile ducts in most patients(74.5%) with BA but not in patients with choledochal cysts or neonatal hepatitis. The number of CD56-expressing cells correlated with disease severity, with more positive cells present in the later stages of liver damage(81.8% vs 18.2%). Furthermore, bile plugs were mainly found in CD56-positive immature biliary ducts. Notch signaling was a key regulatory pathway in biliary duct formation and played a role in tissue fibrosis. Notch1 was co-expressed in CD56-positive cells, whereas Notch2 was found exclusively in blood vessels in the portal area of patients with BA. CONCLUSION: The maturation of biliary epithelial cells and the expression of Notch may play a role in the pathogenesis of BA. | Rui-Zhong Zhang Jia-Kang Yu Jiao Peng Feng-Hua Wang Hai-Ying Liu Vincent CH Lui John M Nicholls Paul KH Tam Jonathan R Lamb Yan Chen Hui-Min Xia | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，8： | 8 |
| 13 | 国际专家组关于超声内镜引导下胰腺囊性肿瘤消融的立场声明显示文摘背景和目的最近,一些有关胰腺囊性肿瘤(pancreatic cystic neoplasms,PCNs)治疗的指南建议已经发表,但是超声内镜(endoscopic ultrasound,EUS)引导下PCNs消融的作用在这些指南中尚未明确。本文的目的是通过提出一系列临床问题并根据可获得的最佳科学证据提供答案来探讨围绕EUS引导下PCNs消融的问题。方法我们从亚洲EUS学组和一个国际专家组中招募了一个EUS引导下PCNs消融专家小组。创建了一个临床问题列表,并将每个问题分配给一个成员以产生一个陈述。然后在2016年10月至2017年10月的三次互联网会议上讨论了这些陈述。之后相互协商对这些陈述进行修改,直到取得协商一致意见。之后,将完整的陈述总结集体发送给所有小组成员,以对陈述的强度进行投票,对陈述进行分类,对证据进行分级。结果制定了关于EUS引导下PCNs的23个陈述。这些陈述涉及操作步骤、操作技术、操作前和操作后管理,并发症的管理以及手术中所需能力和培训。结论在所有内镜学会中,本共识是关于EUS引导下PCNs消融的首篇共识。有兴趣进行这项技术的临床医生应参考这些共识,未来的研究应设法解决本共识中提出的重要问题。 | Anthony Yuen-Bun Teoh DongWan Seo William Brugge John Dewitt Pradermchai Kongkam 令狐恩强(文/译) Matthew T.Moyer JiKon Ryu Khek Yu Ho 杜晨(翻译) 李惠凯(翻译) | 2019 | 中华胃肠内镜电子杂志2019，6，4： | 8 |
| 14 | A fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling and its applications显示文摘We propose a fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling(FTEEM) in order to apply it into the fields of ecology and environmental science more easily after the fundamental theorem for Earth’s surface system modeling(FTESM). The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region is taken as a case area to conduct empirical studies of algorithms for spatial upscaling, spatial downscaling, spatial interpolation, data fusion and model-data assimilation, which are based on high accuracy surface modelling(HASM), corresponding with corollaries of FTEEM. The case studies demonstrate how eco-environmental surface modelling is substantially improved when both extrinsic and intrinsic information are used along with an appropriate method of HASM. Compared with classic algorithms, the HASM-based algorithm for spatial upscaling reduced the root-meansquare error of the BTH elevation surface by 9 m. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial downscaling reduced the relative error of future scenarios of annual mean temperature by 16%. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial interpolation reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean precipitation by 0.2%. The HASM-based algorithm for data fusion reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean temperature by 70%. The HASM-based algorithm for model-data assimilation reduced the relative error of carbon stocks by 40%. We propose five theoretical challenges and three application problems of HASM that need to be addressed to improve FTEEM. | Tianxiang YUE Na ZHAO Yu LIU Yifu WANG Bin ZHANG Zhengping DU Zemeng FAN Wenjiao SHI Chuanfa CHEN Mingwei ZHAO Dunjiang SONG Shihai WANG Yinjun SONG Changqing YAN Qiquan LI Xiaofang SUN Lili ZHANG Yongzhong TIAN Wei WANG Ying’an WANG Shengnan MA Hongsheng HUANG Yimin LU Qing WANG Chenliang WANG Yuzhu WANG Ming LU Wei ZHOU Yi LIU Xiaozhe YIN Zong WANG Zhengyi BAO Miaomiao ZHAO Yapeng ZHAO Yimeng JIAO Ufra NASEER Bin FAN Saibo LI Yang YANG John PWILSON | 2020 | Science China Earth Sciences2020，63，8： | 7 |
| 15 | High-risk corneal allografts: A therapeutic challenge显示文摘Corneal transplantation is the most common surgical procedure amongst solid organ transplants with a high survival rate of 86% at 1-year post-grafting. This high success rate has been attributed to the immune privilege of the eye. However, mechanisms originally thought to promote immune privilege, such as the lack of antigen presenting cells and vessels in the cornea, are challenged by recent studies. Nevertheless, the immunological and physiological features of the cornea promoting a relatively weak alloimmune response is likely responsible for the high survival rate in 'low-risk' settings. Furthermore, although corneal graft survival in 'lowrisk' recipients is favourable, the prognosis in 'high-risk' recipients for corneal graft is poor. In 'high-risk' grafts, the process of indirect allorecognition is accelerated by the enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses due to pre-existing inflammation and neovascularization of the host bed. This leads to the irreversible rejection of the allograft and ultimately graft failure. Many therapeutic measures are being tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies to counter the immunological challenge of 'high-risk' recipients. Despite the prevailing dogma, recent data suggest that tissue matching together with use of systemic immunosuppression may increase the likelihood of graft acceptance in 'high-risk' recipients. However, immunosuppressive drugs are accompanied with intolerance/side effects and toxicity, and therefore, novel cell-based therapies are in development which target host immune cells and restore immune homeostasis without significant side effect of treatment. In addition, developments in regenerative medicinemay be able to solve both important short comings of allotransplantation:(1) graft rejection and ultimate graft failure; and(2) the lack of suitable donor corneas. The advances in technology and research indicate that wider therapeutic choices for patients may be available to address the worldwide problem of corneal blindness in both 'low-risk' and 'high-risk' hosts. | Tian Yu Vijayalakshmi Rajendran May Griffith John V Forrester Lucia Kuffová | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，1： | 7 |
| 16 | Probabilistic ecological risk assessment for three chlorophenols in surface waters of China显示文摘Individual and combined assessment of risks of adverse effects to aquatic ecosystems of three chlorophenols(CPs),including 2,4dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP),2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP) and pentachlorophenol(PCP),were conducted.A probabilistic approach based on the concentrations of CPs in surface waters of China was used to determine the likelihood of adverse effects.The potential risk of CPs in surface waters of China was determined to be of concern,especially PCP and mixtures of CPs.The risks of adverse effects were examined as the joint probabilities of exposure and response.The joint probability for PCP was 0.271 in the worst case and 0.111 in the median case,respectively.Based on the cumulative probability,5% of aquatic organisms included in the assessment would be affected 21.36% of the time in the worst case and 5.99% of the time in median case,respectively.For the mixtures of CPs,the joint probability were 0.171 in the worst case and 0.503 in median case,respectively and 5% of species would be affected 49.83% of the time for the worst case and 12.72% in the median case,respectively.Risks of effects of the individual CPs,2,4-DCP and 2,4,6-TCP were deemed to be acceptable with a overlapping probability of < 0.1 with 5% of species being affected less than 4% of the time. | Liqun Xing Hongling Liu John E Giesy Xiaowei Zhang Hongxia Yu | 2012 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2012，24，2： | 7 |
| 17 | Record-Setting Ocean Warmth Continued in 2019显示文摘Human-emitted greenhouse gases(GHGs)have resulted in a long-term and unequivocal warming of the planet(IPCC,2019).More than 90%of the excess heat is stored within the world's oceans,where it accumulates and causes increases in ocean temperature(Rhein et al.,2013;Abram et al.,2019). | Lijing CHENG John ABRAHAM Jiang ZHU Kevin ETRENBERTH John FASULLO Tim BOYER Ricardo LOCARNINI Bin ZHANG Fujiang YU Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Michael EMANN | 2020 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2020，37，2： | 7 |
| 18 | Quantitative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance enterography in ileal Crohn’s disease: A systematic analysis of intra and interobserver reproducibility显示文摘BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance enterography(MRE) is increasingly attractive as a noninvasive and radiation-free tool for assessing Crohn’s disease(CD). Diffusionweighted imaging(DWI) is recommended as an optional MRE sequence for CD by the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology, and has shown a superb potential as a quantitative modality for bowel inflammation evaluation. However, the measurement reproducibility of quantitative DWI analysis in MRE has not been ascertained so far. To facilitate the application of quantitative diffusion-weighted MRE in the clinical routine, systematic investigations of the intra and interobserver reproducibility of DWI quantitative parameters should be performed.AIM To evaluate the intra and interobserver reproducibility of quantitative analysis for diffusion-weighted MRE(DW-MRE) in ileal CD.METHODS Forty-four subjects(21 with CD and 23 control subjects) who underwent ileocolonoscopy and DW-MRE(b = 800 s/mm2) within one week were included.Two radiologists independently measured apparent diffusion coefficients(ADC)of the terminal ileum and signal intensity ratio(SR) of the terminal ileum to ipsilateral psoas muscle on DWI images(b = 800 s/mm2). Between-and withinreader agreements were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC),coefficients of variation(CoV), and 95% limits of agreement of Bland-Altman plots(BA-LA LoA). Diagnostic performances of ADC and SR for identifying inflamed terminal ileum from the normal were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis.RESULTS There were no significant differences in ADC or SR values between the two sessions or between the two radiologists either in the CD or control group(paired t-test, P > 0.05). The intra and interobserver reproducibility of ADC(ICC: 0.952-0.984;CoV: 3.73-6.28%;BA-LA LoA: ±11.27% to ±15.88%) and SR(ICC: 0.969-0.989;CoV: 3.51%-4.64%;BA-LA LoA: ±10.62% to ±15.45%) was excellent for CD.Agreement of ADC measurements was slightly less in control subjects(ICC:0.641-0.736;CoV: 10.47%-11.43%;BA-LA LoA: ± 26.59% to ± 30.83%). SR of normal terminal ileum demonstrated high intra and interobserver reproducibility(ICC: 0.944-0.974;CoV: 3.73%-6.28%;BA-LA LoA: ± 18.58% to ± 24.43%). ADC and SR of two readers had outstanding diagnostic efficiencies(area under the ROC curve: 0.923-0.988).CONCLUSION Quantitative parameters derived from DW-MRE have good to excellent intra and interobserver agreements with high diagnostic accuracy, and can serve as robust and efficient quantitative biomarkers for CD evaluation. | Hao Yu Ya-Qi Shen Fang-Qin Tan Zi-Ling Zhou Zhen Li Dao-Yu Hu John N Morelli | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，27： | 7 |
| 19 | Optimization of variables for maximizing efficacy and efficiency in aerial spray application to cotton using unmanned aerial systems显示文摘Aerial spraying can support efficient defoliation without crop contact.With the recent introduction to unmanned aerial system(UAS)for aerial spraying in China,there is a need to determine the optimum application variables to achieve high efficacy and efficiency with low costs.The present research involved field studies across two annual cotton production seasons in North Xinjiang,China.Four factors,including volume rate(A),tank mix including spray adjuvants(B),flight altitude(C),flight speed(D)and three levels of L9(3^(4))orthogonal arrays were carried out to optimize the application parameters for three types of UASs.These included different numbers of rotors as follows:four-rotors,six-rotors and eight-rotors.Spray coverage,distribution uniformity(coefficient of variation(CV)of droplet coverage),rates of cotton defoliation and boll opening,application efficiency and cost were measured and assessed.Results showed that:(1)the rates of defoliation and boll opening by aerial cotton defoliant application could meet the requirement of cotton mechanized harvesting;(2)the optimal scenario for the three UASs was A_(3)B_(2)C_(1)D_(3),Volume rate(A3):48 L/hm^(2);Tank mix and concentration(B_(2)):(Tuotulong 225+Sujie 750+Ethephon 2250)mL/hm^(2),Flight altitude(C_(1)):1.5 m,and Flight speeds(D_(3))for unmanned helicopters with four-rotors,six-rotors and eight-rotors were 3.12 m/s,2.51 m/s and 3.76 m/s,respectively.These results can provide guidance for cotton defoliant aerial spraying in China using UAS. | Juan Liao Ying Zang Xiwen Luo Zhiyan Zhou Yubin Lan Yu Zang Xiuyan Gu Weiming Xu Andrew John Hewitt | 2019 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2019，12，2： | 6 |
| 20 | Glucose-responsive oral insulin delivery for postprandial glycemic regulation显示文摘Controlling postprandial glucose levels for diabetic patients is critical to achieve the tight glycemic control that decreases the risk for developing long-term micro- and macrovascular complications.Herein,we report a glucose-responsive oral insulin delivery system based on Fc receptor (FcRn)-targeted liposomes with glucose-sensitive hyaluronic acid (HA) shell for postprandial glycemic regulation.After oral administration,the HA shell can quickly detach in the presence of increasing intestinal glucose concentration due to the competitive binding of glucose with the phenylboronic acid groups conjugated with HA.The exposed Fc groups on the surface of liposomes then facilitate enhanced intestinal absorption in an FcRn-mediated transport pathway.In vivo studies on chemically-induced type 1 diabetic mice show this oral glucose-responsive delivery approach can effectively reduce postprandial blood glucose excursions.This work is the first demonstration of an oral insulin delivery system directly triggered by increasing postprandial glucose concentrations in the intestine to provide an on-demand insulin release with ease of administration. | Jicheng Yu Yuqi Zhang Jinqiang Wang Di Wen Anna R. Kahkoska John B. Buse Zhen Gu | 2019 | Nano Research2019，12，7： | 6 |
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