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| 1 | Crosstalk of liver immune cells and cell death mechanisms in different murine models of liver injury and its clinical relevance显示文摘BACKGROUND: Liver inflammation or hepatitis is a result of pluripotent interactions of cell death molecules, cytokines, chemokines and the resident immune cells collectively called as microenvironment. The interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during hepatotoxic, viral, drug-induced and immune cell-mediated hepatitis decide the fate of liver pathology. The present review aimed to describe the mechanisms of liver injury, its relevance to human liver pathology and insights for the future therapeutic interventions.DATA SOURCES: The data of mouse hepatic models and relevant human liver diseases presented in this review are systematically collected from Pub Med, Science Direct and the Web of Science databases published in English. RESULTS: The hepatotoxic liver injury in mice induced by the metabolites of CCl4, acetaminophen or alcohol represent necrotic cell death with activation of cytochrome pathway, formation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and mitochondrial damage. The Fas or TNF-α induced apoptotic liver injury was dependent on activation of caspases, release of cytochrome c and apoptosome formation. The Con A-hepatitis demonstrated the involvement of TRAIL-dependent necrotic/necroptotic cell death with activation of RIPK1/3. The α-Gal Cer-induced liver injury was mediated by TNF-α. The LPS-induced hepatitis involved TNF-α, Fas/Fas L, and perforin/granzyme cell death pathways. The MHV3 or Poly(I:C) induced liver injury was mediated by natural killer cells and TNF-α signaling. The necrotic ischemia-reperfusion liver injury was mediated byhypoxia, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, necroptotic cell death was found in partial hepatectomy. The crucial role of immune cells and cell death mediators in viral hepatitis(HBV, HCV), drug-induced liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease in human were discussed.CONCLUSIONS: The mouse animal models of hepatitis provide a parallel approach for the study of human liver pathology. Blocking or stimulating the pathways associated with liver cell death could unveil the novel therapeutic strategies in the management of liver diseases. | Hilal Ahmad Khan Muhammad Zishan Ahmad Junaid Ali Khan Muhammad Imran Arshad | 2017 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2017，16，3： | 24 |
| 2 | Bread wheat varieties as influenced by different nitrogen levels显示文摘 | HUSSAIN Iqtidar KHAN Muhammad Ayyaz KHAN Ejaz Ahmad | 2006 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2006，7，1： | 8 |
| 3 | e-antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B in Bangladesh显示文摘BACKGROUND:Bangladesh is a densely populated country where about 10 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV).The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biochemical,virological and histological characteristics of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB). METHODS:Patients were included in this study if they were chronically infected with HBV with detectable DNA.The patients who were co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus,hepatitis delta virus or hepatitis C virus,and previously subjected to antiviral treatment,and those with hepatocellular carcinoma were excluded.The study was conducted during the period of January 2001 to December 2007.During this period 2617 patients with CHB were studied.HBeAg-positive cases were included to compare the characteristics.Among them,237 cases underwent liver biopsy. RESULTS:2296 patients(87.7%)were male,with a mean age of 28.9±13.7 years.2375 patients(90.8%)had CHB,and 242(9.2%)were cirrhotic.HBV DNA levels were 7.6±1.5 copies/ml,ALT was 111.3±212.5 U/L,and AST was 91.5± 148.9 U/L.The number of HBeAg-negative CHB cases was 1039(39.7%).HBeAg-negative patients with a lower DNA load were older,and they had more fibrotic changes in the liver than HBeAg-positive patients.The two groups did not differ in necroinflammatory activity,but the former had lower ALT and AST values.Cirrhosis was more common in e-antigen-negative patients.CONCLUSIONS:e-antigen-negative CHB patients are older and have more hepatic fibrosis patients than HBeAg-positive patients,although they have similar necroinflammatory activity. | Nooruddin Ahmad Shahinul Alam Golam Mustafa Abul Barkat Muhammad Adnan Rahat Hasan Baig Mobin Khan | 2008 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2008，7，4： | 6 |
| 4 | Sludge granulation and efficiency of phase separator in UASB reactor treating combined industrial effluent显示文摘污泥使成粒状和 gas-liquid-solid 的效果隔板(图文集) designon upflow 的效率厌氧的污泥毛毯( UASB )和 upflow 厌氧的 sludgefilter ( UASF )反应堆,在从 3~12 h 的 HRT 操作 investigated.VSS/TS ratiogradually 在两个被增加有增加污泥的反应堆变老(从 0.5 到超过 0.7 forUASB 反应堆并且 0.012~0.043 为 UASF 反应堆) UASF sludgeshowed 的.X光线衍射分析扩展揭示它的另外的 abs | Abdullah Yasar Nasir Ahmad Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry Aamir Amanat Ali Khan | 2007 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2007，19，5： | 6 |
| 5 | Synergistic antibacterial effect of honey and Herba Ocimi Basilici against some bacterial pathogens显示文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the combination of different honey brands and methanolic fraction of Herba Ocimi Basilici using agar well diffusion assay. METHODS: The antibacterial activity was determined against thirteen pathogenic bacterial clinical isolates including six gram negative(Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimirium, Xanthomonas campestris) and six gram positive strains(Enterococcus faecalis faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens type C, Clostridium perfringens type D, Clostridium chauvoei). Agar well diffusion method was used while zones of inhibition were measured with vernier scale. RESULTS: At higher concentration, all the honey brands showed good to significant activity. The highest activity was observed for Hamdard brand honey(27.60±0.40) against Enterococcus faecalis. CONCLUSION: These results revealed that combinations of plant extracts of Herba Ocimi Basilici with honey can be used for the development of potent and novel antibacterial agents. | Ali Talha Khalil Imran Khan Kafeel Ahmad Yusra Ali Khan Momin Khan Muhammad Jaseem Khan | 2013 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2013，33，6： | 4 |
| 6 | Comprehensive screening and selection of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) germplasm for salinity tolerance at the seedling stage and during plant ontogeny显示文摘The okra germplasm was screened for salinity tolerance at the seedling stage and during plant ontogeny.Substantial variation existed in okra for salinity tolerance at the seedling stage.An 80 mmol/L NaCl concentration was suitable for discriminating tolerant and non-tolerant okra genotypes.The pooled ranking of the genotypes,based on individual rankings for each trait(root and shoot length,germination percentage,and relative Na+ and K+)in individual NaCl concentrations,was effective for selecting tolerant genotypes.Genotypes selected at the seedling stage maintained their tolerance to NaCl during plant ontogeny,suggesting that screening of the germplasm entries and advanced breeding materials for salt tolerance at the seedling stage is effective.Among 39 okra genotypes,five were identified as the most tolerant genotypes and showed potential for use in breeding programs that focus on the development of salt-tolerant,high-yield okra cultivars. | Ikram-ul-HAQ Asif Ali KHAN Iqrar Ahmad KHAN Muhammad Abubakkar AZMAT | 2012 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2012，13，7： | 4 |
| 7 | 眼反应分析仪在角膜屈光手术中的应用显示文摘近年来,随着角膜屈光手术技术的蓬勃发展及社会生活水平的提高,角膜屈光手术已成为治疗近视的主流手段。该手术因角膜瓣的制作及对角膜的切削,减少了角膜厚度,削弱了角膜生物力学完整性,对术后眼压、生物力学性能产生影响,也可能导致继发性圆锥角膜、角膜扩张等并发症的发生。本文结合角膜生物力学特性,就眼反应分析仪(Ocular Response Analyzer,ORA)的原理,测量特点以及在准分子激光角膜屈光手术中的应用进行综述。 | Muhammad Ahmad Khan 郝蕴 李贝 张海霞 林丁 | 2016 | 中国医疗设备2016，31，3： | 4 |
| 8 | Phyto-Toxicity of Chromium in Maize: Oxidative Damage, Osmolyte Accumulation, Anti-Oxidative Defense and Chromium Uptake显示文摘Agricultural production systems are immensely exposed to different environmental stresses in which heavy metal stress receives serious concerns. This study was conducted to explore the deleterious effects of different chromium(Cr) stress levels, i.e., 0, 30, 6090, 120, and 150 μmol L-1, on two maize genotypes, Wandan 13 and Runnong 35. Both genotypes were evaluated by measuring their growth and yield characteristics, Cr accumulation in different plant tissues, alterations in osmolyte accumulation, generation o reactive oxygen species(ROS), and anti-oxidative enzyme activity to scavenge ROS. The results showed that Cr stress decreased the leaf area, cob formation, 100-grain weight, shoot fresh biomass, and yield formation, while Cr accumulation in different maize tissues was found in the order of roots > leaves > stem > seeds in both genotypes. The increased Cr toxicity resulted in higher free proline soluble sugars and total phenolic contents, and lower soluble protein contents. However, enhanced lipid peroxidation was noticed in the forms of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance accumulation, and electrolyte leakage. The hyperactivity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, especially glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase indicated that these anti-oxidative enzymes had a central role in protecting maize from Cr toxicity, especially for Wandan 13. Moreover, higher uptake and less translocation of Cr contents into the grains of Wandan 13 implied its importance as a potential candidate against soil Cr pollution. | Shakeel Ahmad ANJUM Umair ASHRAF Imran KHAN Mohsin TANVEER Muhammad SHAHID Abdul SHAKOOR WANG Longchang | 2017 | Pedosphere2017，27，2： | 3 |
| 9 | Nitrogen management improves lodging resistance and production in maize(Zea mays L.)at a high plant density显示文摘Lodging in maize leads to yield losses worldwide.In this study,we determined the effects of traditional and optimized nitrogen management strategies on culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,root growth,lodging percentage and production in maize at a high plant density.We compared a traditional nitrogen(N)application rate of 300 kg ha–1(R)and an optimized N application rate of 225 kg ha^(–1)(O)under four N application modes:50%of N applied at sowing and 50%at the 10th-leaf stage(N1);100%of N applied at sowing(N2);40%of N applied at sowing,40%at the 10th-leaf stage and 20%at tasseling stage(N3);and 30%of N applied at sowing,30%at the 10th-leaf stage,20%at the tasseling stage,and 20%at the silking stage(N4).The optimized N rate(225 kg ha^(–1))significantly reduced internode lengths,plant height,ear height,center of gravity height and lodging percentage.The optimized N rate significantly increased internode diameters,filling degrees,culm mechanical strength,root growth and lignin content.The application of N in four split doses(N4)significantly improved culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,and root growth,while it reduced internode lengths,plant height,ear height,center of gravity height and lodging percentage.Internode diameters,filling degrees,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,number and diameter of brace roots,root volume,root dry weight,bleeding safe and grain yield were significantly negatively correlated with plant height,ear height,center of gravity height,internode lengths and lodging percentage.In conclusion,treatment ON4 significantly reduced the lodging percentage by improving the culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,and root growth,so it improved the production of the maize crop at a high plant density. | Irshad AHMAD Maksat BATYRBEK Khushnuma IKRAM Shakeel AHMAD Muhammad KAMRAN Misbah Raham Sher KHAN HOU Fu-jiang HAN Qing-fang | 2023 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2023，22，2： | 3 |
| 10 | Physiological and biochemical appraisal for mulching and partial rhizosphere drying of cotton显示文摘Water is the main factor for the healthy life of plant.One of the main negative effects of climate change is the increasing scarcity of water that is lethal for plant.Globally,for water deficit regions(arid and semi-arid),drought is the main factor responsible for low production of agriculture,especially for cotton.Great efforts have been and are being made to find alternatives to water saving practices.This study aimed to examine the effects of partial rhizosphere drying(PRD,half of the root system irrigated at one event,and the other half irrigated in the next event,and so on)with and/or without various mulching treatments on physiological and biochemical traits of cotton.To explore this objective,we laid out experiments in completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in the Islamia University of Bahawalpur,Pakistan in 2016.Two factors included were four mulching treatments(M0,no mulching;M1,black plastic mulching;M2,wheat straw mulching;and M3,cotton sticks mulching)and two irrigation levels(I0,control(full irrigation);and I1,PRD).Fisher's analysis of variance among means of treatments was compared using least significant difference test at 5% probability level.Results revealed that the maximum plant height,leaf area,leaf gas exchange(photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance),chlorophyll,proline and total sugar contents,and enzyme activities were higher under M2 than under other three mulching treatments.As for irrigation levels,higher values of plant height,photosynthesis and water related parameters(leaf water potential,leaf osmotic potential,leaf turgor potential,etc.)were recorded.Contents of total sugar and proline and activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher in PRD-treated plants than in control plants.It was concluded that combined application of PRD and mulching was more effective than the rest of the treatments used in the experiment.Similar study can be conducted in the field by applying irrigation water in alternate rows in semi-arid regions. | Rashid IQBAL Muhammad A S RAZA Muhammad F SALEEM Imran H KHAN Salman AHMAD Muhammad S ZAHEER Muhammad U ASLAM Imran HAIDER | 2019 | Journal of Arid Land2019，11，5： | 2 |
| 11 | 腐植酸施用方法对绿豆产量及其构成因子的影响显示文摘为了探索腐植酸(HA)的施用方法,在白沙瓦开伯尔-普什图省农业大学的农业研究农场内进行了完全随机区组设计试验,并设置3次重复。HA的施用方法分为浸种、叶片喷施和土壤施用3种。HA的施用方法对绿豆单株结荚数、每荚粒数、千粒重和籽粒产量具有显著影响,而对绿豆生物量影响不大。每公顷土地施用3 kg HA能显著提高绿豆结荚率、千粒重和产量;而土壤中加入1 kg/hm^2和2 kg/hm^2 HA,浓度为0、1%、2%的HA浸种和0.01%、0.05%、0.1%的HA叶面喷施3种方法所得到的结果在统计学上相似。由此得出结论:3种施用HA的方法均能显著提高绿豆产量及其构成因子。 | Muhammad Waqas Bashir Ahmad Muhammad Arif Fazal Munsif Abdul Latif Khan Muhammad Amin Sang-Mo Kang Yoon-Ha Kim In-Jung Lee 刘雪娇 茹雪峰 高同国 | 2016 | 腐植酸2016，，6： | 2 |
| 12 | Exploring the potential of Sentinel-2A satellite data for aboveground biomass estimation in fragmented Himalayan subtropical pine forest显示文摘The Sentinel-2 A satellite having embedded advantage of red edge spectral bands offers multispectral imageries with improved spatial,spectral and temporal resolutions as compared to the other contemporary satellites providing medium resolution data.Our study was aimed at exploring the potential of Sentinel-2 A imagery to estimate Above Ground Biomass(AGB) of Subtropical Pine Forest in Pakistan administered Kashmir.We developed an AGB predictive model using field inventory and Sentinel 2 A based spectral and textural parameters along with topographic features derived from ALOS Digital Elevation Model(DEM).Field inventory data was collected from 108 randomly distributed plots(0.1 ha each) across the study area.The stepwise linear regression method was employed to investigate the potential relationship between field data and corresponding satellite data.Biomass and carbon mapping of the study area was carried out through established AGB estimation model with R(o.86),R2(0.74),adjusted R2(0.72) and RMSE value of 33 t/ha.Our results showed that first order textures(mean,standard deviation and variance) significantly contributed in AGB predictive modeling while only one spectral band ratio made contribution from spectral domain.Our study leads to the conclusion that Sentinel-2 A optical data is a potential source for AGB estimation in subtropical pine forest of the area of interest with added benefit of its free of cost availability,higher quality data and long-term continuity that can be utilized for biomass carbon distribution mapping in the resource constraint study area for sustainable forest management. | Mobushir Riaz KHANI Iftikhar Ahmad KHAN Muhammad Hasan Ali BAIG LIU Zheng-jia Muhammad Irfan ASHRAF | 2020 | Journal of Mountain Science2020，17，12： | 2 |
| 13 | Synthesis of yttrium and cerium doped ZnO nanoparticles as highly inexpensive and stable photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution显示文摘Yttrium and cerium co-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by combustion route and characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-vis DRS),photoluminescence(PL)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)techniques.The introduction of yttrium ions has efficiently increased the relative percentage of Ce^(3+)ions in ZnO.Yttrium and cerium co-doped ZnO shows efficient photo activity for hydrogen evolution(10.61 mmol/((g·h))higher than previously reported optimal value for rare earth codoped ZnO photocatalysts.This remarkably increased hydrogen evolution can be ascribed to the synergy between electronic anchoring effect of Y^(3+)/Y^(2+)and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)redox couples.This report presents new idea for the synthesis of efficient photocatalyst using economical route and ion anchoring effect.The hydrogen evolution was also tested using Na_(2)S and Na_(2)SO_(3)as electron donors under visible light illumination.The synthesized photocatalysts also exhibit high stability. | Irshad Ahmad Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar Mian Faisal Manzoor Muhammad Wajid Muhammad Noman Ejaz Ahmed Mukhtar Ahmad Waheed Qamar Khan Anwar M.Rana | 2021 | Journal of Rare Earths2021，39，4： | 2 |
| 14 | Anti-inflammatory activities of Sieboldogenin from Smilax china Linn.: Experimental and computational studies显示文摘 | Inamullah Khan Muhammad Nisar Farooq Ebad Said Nadeem Muhammad Saeed Haroon Khan Samiullah Fazli Khuda Nasiara Karim Zia Ahmad | 2008 | Journal of Ethnopharmacology2008，，1： | 2 |
| 15 | Dynamics of organic carbon and nitrogen in deep soil profile and crop yields under long-term fertilization in wheat-maize cropping system显示文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC)and nitrogen(N)are two of the most important indicators for agricultural productivity.The primary objective of this study was to investigate the changes in SOC and N in the deep soil profile(up to 100 cm)and their relationships with crop productivity under the influence of long-term(since 1990)fertilization in the wheat-maize cropping system.Treatments included CK(control),NP(inorganic N and phosphorus(P)fertilizers),NPK(inorganic N,P and potassium fertilizers),NPKM(NPK plus manure),and M(manure).Crop yield and the properties of topsoil were measured yearly from 2001 to 2009.C and N contents were measured at five different depths in 2001 and 2009.The results showed that wheat and maize yields decreased between 2001 and 2009 under the inorganic fertilizer(NP and NPK)treatments.The average yield between 2001 and 2009 under the NP,NPK,NPKM,and M treatments(compared with the CK treatment)increased by 38,115,383,and 381%,respectively,for wheat and 348,891,2738,and 1845%,respectively,for maize.Different long-term fertilization treatments significantly changed coarse free particulate(cf POC),fine free particulate(ff POC),intramicroaggregate particulate(i POC),and mineral-associated(m SOC)organic carbon fractions.In the experimental years of 2001 and 2009,soil fractions occurred in the following order for all treatments:m SOC>cf POC>i POC>ff POC.All fractions were higher under the manure application treatments than under the inorganic fertilization treatments.Compared to the inorganic fertilization treatments,manure input enhanced the stocks of SOC and total N in the surface layer(0–20 cm)but decreased SOC and N in the deep soil layer(80–100 cm).This reveals the efficiency of manure in increasing yield productivity and decreasing risk of vertical loss of nutrients,especially N,compared to inorganic fertilization treatments.The findings provide opportunities for understanding deep soil C and N dynamics,which could help mitigate climate change impact on agricultural production and maintain soil health. | Muhammad QASWAR LI Dong-chu HUANG Jing HAN Tian-fu Waqas AHMED Sehrish ALI Muhammad Numan KHAN Zulqarnain Haider KHAN XU Yong-mei LI Qian ZHANG Hui-min WANG Bo-ren Ahmad TAUQEER | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2022，21，3： | 2 |
| 16 | Development of bis-thiobarbiturates as successful urease inhibitors and their molecular modeling studies显示文摘Bis-thiobarbiturate derivatives 1–15 have been synthesized, characterized by1 HNMR and EI-MS and screened for urease inhibition. All compounds showed various degree of urease inhibitory activity with IC_(50) values ranging 7.45 0.12 74.24 0.81 mmol/L while the standard thiourea behaved normally(IC_(50) = 21.10 0.12). Compounds 1(IC_(50) = 7.45 0.12 μmol/L), 9(IC_(50) = 18.17 1.03 μmol/L) and 13(IC_(50) = 8.61 0.45 μmol/L) showed excellent urease inhibitory activity in the series. Molecular modeling studies were performed to understand the binding site with the bimetallic nickel center of the enzyme.Structure-activity relationship has also been established for these compounds. This study identified bisthiobarbiturate as a novel class of urease inhibitors. | Fazal Rahim Muhammad Ali Shifa Ullah Umer Rashid Hayat Ullah Muhammad Taha Muhammad Tariq Javed Wajid Rehman Aftab Ahmad Khan Obaid Ur Rahman Abid Muhammad Bilal | 2016 | Chinese Chemical Letters2016，27，5： | 2 |
| 17 | In vivo screening of essential oils of Skimmia laureola leaves for antinociceptive and antipyretic activity显示文摘Objective:To study the screening of essential oils of Skimmia laureola leaves(SLO)for acute toxicity,antinociceptive,antipyretic and anticonvulsant activities in various animal models.Methods:SLO were extracted using modified Clevenger type apparatus.Acute toxicity test was used in mice to observe its safety level.Antinociceptive activity of SLO was evaluated in acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate tests.Yeast induced hyperthermic mice and pentylenetetrazole induced convulsive mice were used for the assessment of its antipyretic and anticonvulsant profile respectively.Results:Substantial safety was observed for SLO in acute toxicity test.SLO showed a high significant activity in acetic acid induced writhing test in a dose dependent manner with maximum pain attenuation of 68.48%at 200 mg/kg i.p.However,it did not produce any relief in thermal induced pain at test doses.When challenged against pyrexia evoked by yeast,SLO manifested marked amelioration in hyperthermic mice,dose dependently.Maximum anti-hyperthermic activity(75%)was observed at 200 mg/kg i.p.after 4 h of drug administration.Nevertheless,SLO had no effect on seizures control and mortality caused by pentylenetetrazole.Conclusions:In vivo studies of SLO showed prominent antinociceptive and antipyretic activities with ample safety profile and thus provided pharmacological base for the traditional uses of the plant in various painful conditions and pyrexia.Additional detail studies are required to ascertain its clinical application. | Naveed Muhammad Barkatullah Muhammad Ibrar Haroon Khan Muhammad Saeed Amir Zada Khan Waqar Ahmad Kaleem | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2013，3，3： | 2 |
| 18 | Recent Insights into Signaling Responses to Cope Drought Stress in Rice显示文摘Drought is one of the hot topics needing urgent attention in the current era of climate change.It massively disturbs the rice growth and productivity and is becoming a serious threat.The drought avoidance strategies in rice include stomatal closure,cellular adaptation and changes in root development.Moreover,the endogenous plant hormones(abscisic acid and jasmonic acid)and reactive oxygen species have paramount importance in drought tolerance in rice.The drought tolerance induces modification in biochemical,molecular and physiological properties of plants.At the molecular level,expression of several transcription-factors is modulated which further determine the activation of drought responsive gene families.Mitogen activated protein kinases and Ca signaling pathways initiate an array of signaling cascade for mediating the gene expression in rice.Approaches,conventional breeding methods combined with modern emerging techniques such as genetic engineering,to improve rice drought tolerance were discussed.This review provided recent insights into major regulatory factors against drought stress,signaling mechanisms and molecular engineering strategies(including conventional transgenic and recent genome editing approaches)to induce drought tolerance in rice. | Muhammad Mahran ASLAM Muhammad Abdul Rehman RASHID Mohammad Aquil SIDDIQUI Muhammad Tahir KHAN Fozia FARHAT Shafquat YASMEEN Imtiaz Ahmad KHAN Shameem RAJA Fatima RASOOL Mahboob Ali SIAL ZHAO Yan | 2022 | Rice science2022，29，2： | 2 |
| 19 | In vivo laxative, anti-diarrheal, hepatoprotective and diuretic investigations of Sterculia diversifolia and its isolated compounds显示文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigated the laxative,anti-diarrheal,hepatoprotective and diuretic activity of Sterculia diversifolia and its isolated compounds.METHODS:The laxative activity was studied by counting wet stools while anti-diarrheal activity was performed by measuring gastrointestinal tract motility.Hepatoprotective activity was studied by biochemical and histo-pathological analysis while diuretic activity was performed by urine collection protocol.RESULTS:Doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg of crude methanolic extract of Sterculia diversifolia(MESD)stem bark and leaves,significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01)produced wet feces in subjects pretreated with atropine while 8-hydroxyquercetin and dihydroquercetin showed highly significant(P<0.001)results by increasing fecal weight and water contents without producing diarrhea.MESD stem bark and leaves also dose-dependently lowered diar-rhea while 8-hydroxyquercetin and dihydroquercetin showed highly significant(P<0.001)results by producing shaped stools in mice.MESD,8-hydroxyquercetin and dihydroquercetin offered significant protection against histopathological changes in the liver.Diuretic activity of Crude MESD stem bark and leaves extracts shows highly significant diuretic effect while dihydroquercetin showed better results than 8-hydroxyquercetin.CONCLUSION:It is concluded that Sterculia diversifolia and its isolated compounds bears laxative,anti-diarrheal,hepatoprotective and diuretic effects. | Fazle Rabbi Amir Zada Amna Nisar Muhammad Sohail Saifullah Khan Khalil Abid Ali Ahmad | 2021 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2021，41，5： | 2 |
| 20 | Quality and Crop Yield Potential of Moderately Degraded Alfisols Under Different Nutrient Inputs and Cropping Patterns显示文摘Crop performance on degraded soil needs special management practices to overcome soil quality limitations. In a 2-year(from summer 2006 to winter 2007–2008) field trial on a moderately degraded Alfisol in Swabi District(34°7′12′′N, 72°28′20′′E), Pakistan,the effects of three cropping patterns, cereal-cereal(CC), cereal-legume(CL), and cereal-cereal and legume intercrop(CLI), were tested in main plots under four fertilization treatments in sub-plots, including no fertilization(control), farmers' practice(FP, 60:45 kg ha^(-1) N:P_2O_5), recommended dose(RD, 120:90:60 kg ha^(-1) N:P_2O_5:K_2O), and integrated nutrient management(INM, 20 t ha^(-1) farmyard manure integrated with 50% N, 100% P, and K of recommended dose), using a split-plot randomized complete block design. The performance of CL was superior than CC in plant height, leaf area index(LAI), cob length, grain yield, biological yield, and grain protein(8%, 26%, 8%, 5%, 10%, and 8% increases, respectively), while CLI confirmed significant improvement only in LAI(25%) over CC. Response to nutrient inputs from all sources was in the order of INM > RD > FP > control, and the maximum net economic return by INM(23% and 2.5 times higher than RD and FP, respectively) indicated severe deficiency of both macro-and micro-nutrients in the soil as well as degraded physical properties. Increases in soil organic matter, total N, total mineral N, available P and K, total porosity, and available water-holding capacity by 6%, 34%, 24%, 50%, 13%, 5%, and 7%, respectively, and decrease in soil bulk density by 4% after four crop seasons indicated optimistic changes in soil quality as a result of the combined effects of fertilization from organic and inorganic sources and legumes within crop rotation. This study suggests that keeping the soil covered under cereal-legume rotation crops all year round and treatment with INM(50% N from organic source and 50% from inorganic source) are the best management practice for sustained production on degraded Alfisols. | Wiqar AHMAD Farmanullah KHAN Zahir SHAH Muhammad Jamal KHAN | 2019 | Pedosphere2019，29，2： | 2 |
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