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| 1 | Pathophysiology of constipation in the older adult显示文摘This review provides information on the definition of constipation, normal continence and defecation and a description of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of constipation. In addition, changes in the anatomy and physiology of the lower gastrointestinal tract associated with aging that may contribute to constipation are described. MEDLINE (1966-2007) and CINAHL (1980-2007) were searched. The following MeSH terms were used: constipation/etiology OR constipation/ physiology OR constipation/physiopathology) AND (age factors OR aged OR older OR 80 and over OR middle age). Constipation is not well defined in the literature. While self-reported constipation increases with age, findings from a limited number of clinical studies that utilized objective measures do not support this association. Dysmotility and pelvic floor dysfunction are important mechanisms associated with constipation. Changes in GI function associated with aging appear to be relatively subtle based on a limited amount of conflicting data. Additional research is warranted on the effects of aging on GI function, as well as on the timing of these changes. | G Lindsay McCrea Christine Miaskowski Nancy A Stotts Liz Macera Madhulika G Varma | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，17： | 21 |
| 2 | Direct reprogramming of human fibroblasts into dopaminergic neuron-like cells显示文摘外长的 dopaminergic 神经原(DA 神经原) 的移植是为治疗 Parkinson 的疾病(PD ) 的一条有希望的途径。然而,主要跌倒块是施主 DA 神经原的可靠来源的缺乏。这里,我们证明五 transcriptional 因素 Mash1, Ngn2, Sox2, Nurr1,和 Pitx3 的联合直接并且有效地装改编人成纤维细胞进 DA 像神经原的房间。为为 DA 神经原的各种各样的标记积极的染色的 reprogrammed 房间。他们也显示出典型 DA 举起和生产性质。而且,他们展出了 DA 神经原特定的 electrophysiological 侧面。最后,他们在一个老鼠 PD 模型提供了征兆的地势。因此,我们的直接 reprogrammed DA 像神经原的房间是为 PD 的房间代替治疗的有希望的来源。 | Xinjian Liu Fang Li Elizabeth A Stubblefield Barbara Blanchard Toni L Richards Gaynor A Larson Yujun He Qian Huang Aik-Choon Tan Dabing Zhang Timothy A Benke John R Sladek Nancy R Zahniser Chuan-Yuan Li | 2012 | Cell Research2012，22，2： | 14 |
| 3 | Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin显示文摘The use of medicinal plants in treating illnesses has been reported since ancestral times.In the case of hepatic diseases,several species such as Silybum marianum,Phyllanthus niruri,and Panus giganteus(Berk.)have been shown to ameliorate hepatic lesions.Silymarin is a natural compound derived from the species Silybum marianum,which is commonly known as Milk thistle.This plant contains at least seven flavoligands and the flavonoid taxifolin.The hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of silymarin is caused by its ability to inhibit the free radicals that are produced from the metabolism of toxic substances such as ethanol,acetaminophen,and carbon tetrachloride.The generation of free radicals is known to damage cellular membranes and cause lipoperoxidation.Silymarin enhances hepatic glutathione and may contribute to the antioxidant defense of the liver.It has also been shown that silymarin increases protein synthesis in hepatocytes by stimulating RNA polymerase I activity.A previous study on humans reported that silymarin treatment caused a slight increase in the survival of patients with cirrhotic alcoholism compared with untreated controls. | Nancy Vargas-Mendoza Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán ngel Morales-González Jaime Esquivel-Soto Cesar Esquivel-Chirino Manuel García-Luna y González-Rubio Juan A Gayosso-de-Lucio José A Morales-González | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，3： | 12 |
| 4 | CD69 expression on airway eosinophils and airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma显示文摘Background Asthma is a chronic airway disease with inflammation characterized by physiological changes (airway hyper-responsiveness, AHR) and pathological changes (inflammatory cells infiltration and mucus production). Eosinophils play a key role in the allergic inflammation. But the causative relationship between eosinophils and airway inflammation is hard to prove. One of the reasons is lack of activation marker of murine eosinophils. We investigated the expression of CD69 on murine eosinophils in vitro, the relationship between the expression of CD69 on eosinophils from peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and on airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. Methods Eosinophils from peripheral blood of IL-5 transgenic mice (NJ.1638) were purified. Mice were divided into five groups: wild type mice sensitized and challenged with saline (WS group), wild type mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (WO group), IL-5-/- mice sensitized and challenged with saline and transferred with purified eosinophils (ISE group), IL-5-/- mice sensitized and challenged with OVA and transferred with purified eosinophils (IOE group), IL-5-/- mice sensitized and challenged with OVA and transferred with purified eosinophils, pretreated with anti CD4 monoclonal antibody (IOE+antiCD4mAb group). IL-5-/- mice were sensitized with OVA at day 0 and day 14, then challenged with OVA aerosol. On days 24, 25, 26 and 27 purified eosinophils were transferred intratracheally to IL-5-/- mice. On day 28, blood and BALF were collected and CD69 expression on eosinophils measured by flowcytometry. Results Purified eosinophils did not express CD69. But eosinophils cultured with PMA+MA, IFN-γ, IL-5 or GM-CSF expressed CD69 strongly. Eosinophils from blood of WO, WS group did not express CD69 at all. The numbers of eosinophils in BALF of WO group, IOE group, ISE group and IOE+antiCD4mAb group were significantly higher than in mice of WS group which did not have eosinophils at all. CD69 expression on eosinophils in BALF of IOE and WO groups was strong. Eosinophils in BALF of ISE and IOE+antiCDmAb groups did not express CD69. The mucus production result was similar to CD69 expression. There were eosinophils infiltration in lung slides of all groups except WS group. Conclusion Activation in airway of eosinophils could directly lead to airway inflammation. | WANG Hui-ying SHEN Hua-hao James J Lee Nancy A Lee | 2006 | Chinese Medical Journal2006，，23： | 8 |
| 5 | 男性性功能障碍、男性不育与神经系统疾病之间的关系显示文摘正常的性功能和生殖功能很大程度上依赖于神经系统功能的正常发挥。男性神经系统受损可导致勃起功能障碍、射精障碍和精液异常,进而导致不育。出现这些受损的主要原因有盆腔和腹腔损伤、糖尿病、先天性脊柱异常,多发性硬化症和脊髓受损。勃起功能障碍已经可以通过越来越具侵入式的治疗方法而有所改善,从药物疗法、注射疗法到外科的阴茎植入术。病情较轻的逆行射精患者可以用药物来逆转条件进行治疗,对病情较重的患者,则在射精后从其膀胱中收取精液。对于中度的不射精者,可以采用药物治疗:而对于严重者,则可采用阴茎震荡刺激和电射精等辅助射精技术。假如这些措施都失败了,可尝试采用手术方法取精液。对于一些脊髓受损的男性,假如环境条件和精液质量足够好,可在家中采用阴茎震荡刺激,然后将精液放入伴侣阴道内。其他方法就要求助于辅助生殖技术了,包括宫内受精和体外受精(用ICSI或者不用)。选用何种方法在很大程度上依赖于患者精液中活性精子的数量。 | Mikkel Fode Sheila Krogh-Jespersen Nancy L Brackett Dana A Ohl Charles M Lynne Jens Sonksen | 2012 | Asian Journal of Andrology2012，14，1： | 7 |
| 6 | CD69的表达在小鼠嗜酸细胞的活化与凋亡中的作用显示文摘目的:观察在体内、体外不同条件下小鼠嗜酸细胞(EOS)表面CD69的表达与细胞存活率,探讨CD69的表达在小鼠EOS的活化、凋亡中的作用。方法:提纯IL-5高分泌转基因小鼠外周血中的EOS,测定其表面CD69的表达,体外以PMA+MA刺激EOS,在1 h、12 h、18 h、24 h测定细胞表面CD69的表达与细胞存活率;分别以1μg/L的IL-4、IL-5、IL-12、IL-13、IFN-γ、GM-CSF培养EOS18 h后测定细胞的存活率与表面CD69的表达。制备小鼠哮喘模型,观察CD69在小鼠BALF、外周血EOS中的表达。结果:新鲜提纯的小鼠外周血EOS不表达CD69,PMA+MA刺激的EOS在1 h后即有CD69的表达,12 h表达至高峰,至少持续24 h以上;但细胞的存活率快速下降。不同细胞因子对EOS的培养均可诱导CD69的表达,其中IL-13、IFN-γ、GM-CSF对此影响明显,且GM-CSF可显著抑制EOS的凋亡;哮喘小鼠外周血EOS无CD69的表达,而BALF中EOS可有CD69的表达。结论:静止小鼠EOS表面不表达CD69,但在体内、体外不同条件下激活的EOS表面均有CD69的表达;同时,体外实验显示CD69的表达与细胞凋亡密切相关。结果提示CD69既可作为EOS激活的表面标记物,同时又可诱导EOS的凋亡,这为哮喘治疗提供新的思路。 | 汪慧英 James J Lee Nancy A Lee | 2009 | 中国病理生理杂志2009，25，1： | 7 |
| 7 | Gastric cancer in Alaska Native people: A cancer health disparity显示文摘AIM To evaluate recent trends in gastric cancer incidence, response to treatment, and overall survival among Alaska Native(AN) people. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the Alaska Native Medical Center patient database was performed. Patient history, clinical, pathological, response to treatment and patient outcomes were collected from one-hundred and thirty-two AN gastric cancer patients. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result database 18 was used to collect comparison United States non-Hispanic White(NHW) and AN gastric cancer patient data between 2006-2014.RESULTS AN gastric cancer patients have a higher incidence rate, a poorer overall survival, and are diagnosed at a significantly younger age compared to NHW patients. AN patients differ from NHW patients in greater prevalence of non-cardia, diffuse subtype, and signet ring cell carcinomas. AN females were more likely to be diagnosed with later stage cancer, stage IV, compared to AN males. Diminished overall survival was observed among AN patients with increasing stage, O+ blood type, < 15 lymph nodes examined at resection, and no treatment. This study is the first report detailing the clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer in AN people with outcome data.CONCLUSION Our findings confirm the importance of early detection, treatment, and surgical resection for optimizing AN patient outcomes. Further research on early detection markers are warranted. | Holly A Martinson Nancy J Shelby Steven R Alberts Matthew J Olnes | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，25： | 6 |
| 8 | Long-term safety of lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B显示文摘 | Anna S.F Lok Ching-Lung Lai Nancy Leung Guang-Bi Yao Zhen-Yu Cui Eugene R Schiff Jules L Dienstag E.Jenny Heathcote Nancy R Little Dorothea A Griffiths Stephen D Gardner Mary Castiglia | 2003 | Gastroenterology2003，，6： | 3 |
| 9 | Long-term safety of lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B显示文摘 | Anna S.F Lok Ching-Lung Lai Nancy Leung Guang-Bi Yao Zhen-Yu Cui Eugene R Schiff Jules L Dienstag E.Jenny Heathcote Nancy R Little Dorothea A Griffiths Stephen D Gardner Mary Castiglia | 2003 | Gastroenterology2003，，6： | 2 |
| 10 | Drugs Associated with Hepatotoxicity and their Reporting Frequency of Liver Adverse Events in VigiBase(TM)显示文摘 | Suzuki Ayako Andrade Raul J Bjornsson Einar Lucena M Isabel Lee William M Yuen Nancy A Hunt Christine M Freston James W | 2010 | Drug Safety2010，，6： | 2 |
| 11 | A Climatology and Case Study of Continental Cold Season Dense Fog Associated with Low Clouds显示文摘 | Westcott Nancy E Kristovich David A R | 2009 | Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology2009，，11： | 2 |
| 12 | Symptoms and Subtypes in Pediatric Functional Dyspepsia: Relation to Mucosal Inflammation and Psychological Functioning显示文摘 | Jennifer V Schurman Meenal Singh Vivekanand Singh Nancy Neilan Craig A Friesen | 2010 | Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition2010，，3： | 2 |
| 13 | Human ICE/CED-3 Protease Nomenclature显示文摘 | Emad S Alnemri David J Livingston Donald W Nicholson Guy Salvesen Nancy A Thornberry Winnie W Wong Junying Yuan | 1996 | Cell1996，，2： | 2 |
| 14 | Caspases: Enemies Within显示文摘 | YURI Lazebnik | 1998 | Science1998，281，5381： | 1 |
| 15 | Ameloblastin and amelogenin share a common secretory pathway and are co-secreted during enamel formation显示文摘 | ZALZAL SF SMITH CE NANCI A | 2008 | Matrix Biol2008，27，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Bacterial endosymbionts in animals显示文摘 | Nancy A Paul B | 2000 | Ecology and Industrial Microbiology2000，3，： | 1 |
| 17 | No Significant Association of 14 Candidate Genes With Schizophrenia in a Large European Ancestry Sample: Implications for Psychiatric Genetics显示文摘 | Sanders Alan R Duan Jubao Levinson Douglas F Shi Jianxin He Deli Hou Cuiping Burrell Gregory J Rice John P Nertney Deborah A Olincy Ann Rozic Pablo Vinogradov Sophia Buccola Nancy G Mowry Bryan J Freedman Robert Amin Farooq Black Donald W | 2008 | The American Journal of Psychiatry2008，，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Accelerated Amyloid Deposition in the Brains of Transgenic Mice Coexpressing Mutant Presenilin 1 and Amyloid Precursor Proteins显示文摘 | David R Borchelt Tamara Ratovitski Judy van Lare Michael K Lee Vicki Gonzales Nancy A Jenkins Neal G Copeland Donald L Price Sangram S Sisodia | 1997 | Neuron1997，，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Development of a quantitative method for the analysis of tobacco-specific nitrosa- mines in mainstream cigarette smoke using isotope dilution liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 显示文摘 | Karl A W Nancy H F Fossett J E | 2005 | Analytical Chemistry2005，77，： | 1 |
| 20 | Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010显示文摘 | Fiore Anthony E Uyeki Timothy M Broder Karen Finelli Lyn Euler Gary L Singleton James A Iskander John K Wortley Pascale M Shay David K Bresee Joseph S Cox Nancy J | 2010 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report2010，，： | 1 |
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