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| 1 | Achieving the best bowel preparation for colonoscopy显示文摘Bowel preparation is a core issue in colonoscopy,as it is closely related to the quality of the procedure.Patients often find that bowel preparation is the most unpleasant part of the examination.It is widely accepted that the quality of cleansing must be excellent to facilitate detecting neoplastic lesions.In spite of its importance and potential implications,until recently,bowel preparation has not been the subject of much study.The most commonly used agents are high-volume polyethylene glycol(PEG)electrolyte solution and sodium phosphate.There has been some confusion,even in published meta-analyses,regarding which of the two agents provides better cleansing.It is clear now that both PEG and sodium phosphate are effectivewhen administered with proper timing.Consequently,the timing of administration is recognized as one of the central factors to the quality of cleansing.The bowel preparation agent should be administered,at least in part,a few hours in advance of the colonoscopy.Several low volume agents are available,and either new or modified schedules with PEG that usually improve tolerance.Certain adjuvants can also be used to reduce the volume of PEG,or to improve the efficacy of other agents.Other factors apart from the choice of agent can improve the quality of bowel cleansing.For instance,the effect of diet before colonoscopy has not been completely clarified,but an exclusively liquid diet is probably not required,and a low-fiber diet may be preferable because it improves patient satisfaction and the quality of the procedure.Some patients,such as diabetics and persons with heart or kidney disease,require modified procedures and certain precautions.Bowel preparation for pediatric patients is also reviewed here.In such cases,PEG remains the most commonly used agent.As detecting neoplasia is not the main objective with these patients,less intensive preparation may suffice.Special considerations must be made for patients with inflammatory bowel disease,including safety and diagnostic issues,so that the most adequate agent is chosen.Identifying neoplasia is one of the main objectives of colonoscopy with these patients,and the target lesions are often almost invisible with white light endoscopy.Therefore excellent quality preparation is required to find these lesions and to apply advanced methods such as chromoendoscopy.Bowel preparation for patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding represents a challenge,and the strategies available are also reviewed here. | Adolfo Parra-Blanco Alex Ruiz Manuel Alvarez-Lobos Ana Amorós Juan Cristóbal Gana Patricio Ibáez Akiko Ono Takahiro Fujii | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，47： | 37 |
| 2 | Expression of triggering receptor on myeloid cell 1 and histocompatibility complex molecules in sepsis and major abdominal surgery显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the surface expression of triggering receptor on myeloid cell 1 (TREM-1), class Ⅱ major histocompatibility complex molecules (HLA-DR), andthe expression of the splicing variant (svTREM-1) ofTREM-1 in septic patients and those subjected to major abdominal surgery.METHODS: Using flow cytometry, we examined the surface expression of TREM-1 and HLA-DR in peripheral blood monocytes from 11 septic patients, 7 elective gastrointestinal surgical patients, and 10 healthy volunteers. svTREM-1 levels were analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Basal expression of TREM-1 and HLA-DR in healthy volunteers was 35.91±14.75 MFI and75.8±18.3%, respectively. In septic patients, TREM-1 expression was 59.9±23.9 MFI and HLA-DR expression was 44.39±20.25%, with a significant differencebetween healthy and septic groups (P<0.05) for bothmolecules. In the surgical patients, TREM-1 and HLA-DR expressions were 56.8±20.85 MFI and 71±13.8% before surgery and 72.65±29.92 MlFI and 72.82±22.55% after surgery. TREM-1 expression was significantly different(P = 0.0087) between the samples before and aftersurgery and svTREM-1 expression was 0.8590±0.1451 MF1, 0.8820±0.1460 MF1, and 2.210±0.7873MF1 in the healthy, surgical (after surgery) and septic groups, respectively. There was a significant difference (P = 0.048) in svTREM-1 expression between the healthy and surgical groups and the septic group.CONCLUSION: TREM-1 expression is increased during systemic inflammatory conditions such as sepsis and the postoperative phase. Simultaneous low expression of HLA-DR molecules correlates with the severity of illness and increases susceptibility to infection. Additionally, TREM-1 expression is distinctly different in surgical patients at different stages of the inflammatory response before and after surgery. Thus, surface TREM-1 appears to be an endogenous signal during the course of the inflammatory response. svTREM-1 expression is significantly increased during sepsis, appearing to be an indicator of severity of illness. Together, these data indicate that TREM-1 may play an important role in establishing and amplifying the systemic inflammatory response. TREM-1, HLA-DR, and svTREM-1 expression analysis can provide useful diagnostic and prognostic indicators during SIRS, CARS, and sepsis. | Nestor González-Roldán Eduardo Ferat-Osorio Rosalía Aduna-Vicente Isabel Wong-Baeza Noemí Esquivel-Callejas Horacio Astudillo-de la Vega Patricio Sánchez-Fernández Lourdes Arriaga-Pizano Miguel Angel Villasís-Keever Constantino López-Macías Armando Isibasi | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，47： | 9 |
| 3 | Genetic and Mechanistic Exploration of the Two Pathways of Vitamin B12 Biosynthesis显示文摘 | Scott A I Roessner C A Patricio J S | 2003 | The Porphyrin Handbook2003，，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Model Predictive Control of Multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge Inverters显示文摘 | Patricio Cortés Alan Wilson Samir Kouro | | 0，，08： | 1 |
| 5 | Photopo- lymerizable and injectable polyurethanes for biomedical applications: synthesis and biocompatibility 显示文摘 | Pereira Ildeu H L Ayres E Patricio P S | 2010 | Acta Biomaterialia2010，6，8： | 1 |
| 6 | Did patents of Introduction Encourage Technology Transfer? Long-term Evidence from the Spanish Innovation Sys- tem 显示文摘 | Patricio S | 2014 | Cliometrica2014，8，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Effect of blend composition on microstructure, morphology and gas permeability in PU/ PMMA blends显示文摘 | Patricio P S O de Sales J A Silva G G | 2006 | Journal of Membrane Science2006，271，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Perform- ance of the SOAR adaptive module with UV Rayleigh guide star显示文摘 | ANDREI T ROBERTO T PATRICIO S | 2012 | SPIE2012，8447，： | 1 |
| 9 | Spatial patterns in an old-growth Nothofagus obliqua forest in south-central Chile显示文摘 | Christian S Valerie L Patricio N | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Rheological properties of wheat flour and quality characteristics of pan bread as modified by partial additions of wheat bran or whole grain wheat flour显示文摘 | Schmiele M Jaekel LZ Patricio S | 2012 | International Journal of Food Science and Technology2012，47，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Instantaneous reactive power theory:A comparative evaluation of different formulations显示文摘 | Herrera R S Patricio S | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 12 | Instantaneous reactive power theory: a comparative evaluation of different formulations显示文摘 | Herrera Reyes S Salmeron Patricio | 2007 | IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery2007，22，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Slurry-Based semisolid die casting显示文摘 | CHRIS S R PATRICIO F M | 2001 | Advanced Materials & Process2001，，10： | 1 |
| 14 | Pharmacokinetics, brain distribution and plasma protein binding of carbamazepine and nine derivatives: New set of data for predictive in silico ADME models 显示文摘 | ANA F GILBERTO A PATRICIO S | 2013 | Epilepsy Res2013，107，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Optimal Timing for Assessment of Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Patients With Rectal Cancer: Do All Patients Benefit From Waiting Longer Than 6 Weeks?显示文摘 | Rodrigo O. Perez Angelita Habr-Gama Guilherme P. S?o Juli?o Joaquim Gama-Rodrigues Afonso H.S. Sousa Fabio Guilherme Campos Antonio R. Imperiale Patricio B. Lynn Igor Proscurshim Sergio Carlos Nahas Carla Rachel Ono Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel | 2012 | International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics2012，，5： | 1 |
| 16 | A new approach for three-phase loads compensation based on the instantaneous reactive power theory显示文摘 | Patricio Salmerón Reyes S. Herrera Jesús R. Vázquez | 2007 | Electric Power Systems Research2007，，4： | 1 |
| 17 | 显示文摘 | Patricio R Delmon B | 2001 | J Phys Chem B2001，105，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Resolution of Early Stage Diabetic Nephropathy in an Obese Diabetic Patient after Gastric Bypass显示文摘 | Gustavo Pérez Nicolás Devaud Alex Escalona Patricio Downey | 2006 | Obesity Surgery2006，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory Applied to Active Power Filter Compensation:Approaches,Assessment,and Experimental Results显示文摘 | Reyes S Herrera Patricio Salmeron Hyosung Kim | 2008 | IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics2008，55，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Factors associated with avascular necrosis of the femoral head and nonunion in patients younger than 65 years with displaced femoral neck fractures treated with reduction and internal fixation 显示文摘 | DANIEL S PATRICIO M ALEJANDRO Z | 2013 | European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology2013，23，1： | 1 |
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