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| 1 | Attractive but Toxic: Emerging Roles of Glycosidically Bound Volatiles and Glycosyltransferases Involved in Their Formation显示文摘 | Chuankui Song Katja Hartl Kate McGraphery Thomas Hoffmann Wilfried Schwab | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，10： | 16 |
| 2 | 伴有脑肿胀的大脑和小脑梗死的管理推荐意见美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会对医疗专业人员的声明显示文摘背景和目的关于缺血性卒中后脑肿胀患者的最佳管理方案,仍有许多尚未确定的问题。需要制定相关指南来指导如何处理这种严重并发症,如何提供最佳的综合性神经科和内科治疗,以及在患者病情恶化时如何与面临外科干预复杂决策的家属进行良好的沟通。本科学声明为大脑或小脑半球缺血性卒中伴脑肿胀的患者提供了早期的管理方案。方法写作组利用系统文献综述,参考公开发表的临床和流行病学研究、发病率和死亡率报告、临床与公共卫生指南、权威声明、个人文件以及专家意见,对现有证据进行总结并指出与当前知识水平的差距。写作组通过对MEDLINE、EMBASE和Web of Science数据库进行医学文献计算机检索(最后检索时间为2013年3月,研究对象为成年人)回顾最相关的文献。在美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,ARIA)框架背景下对证据进行组织,根据AHA/美国心脏病学学会基金会以及AHA卒中委员会的证据强度分级方案进行分类。这份声明经过AHA内部的广泛同行评议。结果已有适用于由缺血性梗死引起的半球(累及整个大脑中动脉供血区或更大范围)和小脑(累及小脑后下动脉或小脑上动脉供血区)肿胀的临床标准。幕上半球缺血性卒中伴脑肿胀发生恶化的临床表现包括新发意识障碍或意识障碍加重、脑性上睑下垂以及瞳孔大小变化。在小脑梗死伴肿胀患者中,意识水平下降是脑干受压的结果,因此可能出现早期角膜反射丧失和瞳孔缩小。应制定标准化定义以促进多中心和基于人群的发病率、患病率、危险因素和转归研究。脑肿胀高危患者的识别应包括临床和神经影像学资料。如果大面积卒中患者有必要进入全面复苏状态,则需要收入具备神经监护功能的病房。这些患者最好被收入由技术熟练和经验丰富的医生(如神经重症监护医生或神经血管科医生)负责的重症监护室或卒中单元。综合性医疗管理包括气道管理和机械通气、血压控制、液体管理以及血糖和体温控制。在幕上半球缺血性卒中伴肿胀患者中,不需行常规颅内压监测或脑脊液引流,但神经功能继续恶化的患者应考虑行去骨瓣减压和硬脑膜切开术。去骨瓣减压术在≥60岁的患者中的疗效尚不确定。在神经功能恶化的小脑卒中伴肿胀患者中,应行枕骨下颅骨切除和硬脑膜切开术。当应用脑室造瘘术缓解小脑梗死后梗阻性脑积水时,应同时行枕骨下颅骨切除术以防小脑向上移位导致的病情恶化。幕上半球梗死伴肿胀患者可获得令人满意的转归,但即使行去骨瓣减压术,仍有1/3的患者会遗留严重残疾和完全生活依赖。多数小脑梗死患者在术后能获得可接受的功能转归。结论大脑和小脑梗死伴肿胀是需要立即给予专业神经重症监护、并常需要进行神经外科干预的危重情况。去骨瓣减压术是很多患者的必然治疗选择,经过选择的患者能从中受益匪浅,尽管他们可能会遗留残疾,但仍可生活自理。 | Eelco F. M. Wijdicks Kevin N. Sheth Bob S. Carter David M. Greer Scott E. Kasner W. Taylor Kimberly Stefan Schwab Eric E. Smith Rafael J. Tamargo Max Wintermark 王玉琴 牛牧 柯开富 | 2014 | 国际脑血管病杂志2014，22，4： | 11 |
| 3 | 四环素对芘污染农田土壤微生物修复的影响及响应过程显示文摘针对城郊农田土壤中多环芳烃和抗生素复合污染的新特征,通过室内模拟土培实验,研究四环素(Tetracycline,TC)胁迫下,降解菌Sphingobium sp.PHE3对长三角典型农田土壤中芘的降解效果和影响机制。研究表明,接种降解菌处理(B)能明显促进土壤中芘的降解,TC的引入可显著抑制土壤中芘的深度降解过程(P<0.05)。经过90天培养后,B处理与接菌+添加TC处理(BTC)的降解率分别为40.1%、25.7%,较对照分别提高了23.0倍、14.1倍。通过土壤微生物群落结构多样性分析发现,降解菌数量在经历90天的土壤环境适应期后逐渐快速增加,其数量变化与污染物芘在土壤中含量消减趋势呈负相关;引入芘和四环素对土壤细菌群落结构多样性和功能稳定性具有显著影响(P<0.05),然而对土壤真菌群落影响不显著(P>0.05)。此外,B和BTC处理条件下,土壤过氧化氢酶活性、荧光素二乙酸酯酶活性和土壤微生物生物量碳氮值显著高于单独添加芘处理(P)和单独添加TC处理(TC),但P处理与TC处理之间无显著差异(P>0.05),说明外源污染物(芘或四环素)对于土壤酶活性和微生物生物量碳氮具有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),致使降解菌功能作用受到抑制。综上研究结果表明TC可明显抑制土壤中典型四环多环芳烃的微生物降解过程,针对多环芳烃与抗生素复合有机污染农田土壤的微生物强化修复技术有待深入研究。 | 沈方圆 孙明明 焦加国 武俊 田达 刘款 李辉信 胡锋 SCHWAB A.Paul | 2016 | 土壤2016，48，5： | 7 |
| 4 | A dual positional specific lipoxygenase functions in the generation of flavor compounds during climacteric ripening of apple显示文摘Lipoxygenase(LOX)is an important contributor to the formation of aroma-active C6 aldehydes in apple(Malus×domestica)fruit upon tissue disruption but little is known about its role in autonomously produced aroma volatiles from intact tissue.We explored the expression of 22 putative LOX genes in apple throughout ripening,but only six LOXs were expressed in a ripening-dependent manner.Recombinant LOX1:Md:1a,LOX1:Md:1c,LOX2:Md:2a and LOX2:Md:2b proteins showed 13/9-LOX,9-LOX,13/9-LOX and 13-LOX activity with linoleic acid,respectively.While products of LOX1:Md:1c and LOX2:Md:2b were S-configured,LOX1:Md:1a and LOX2:Md:2a formed 13(R)-hydroperoxides as major products.Site-directed mutagenesis of Gly567 to an alanine converted the dual positional specific LOX1:Md:1a to an enzyme with a high specificity for 9(S)-hydroperoxide formation.The high expression level of the corresponding MdLOX1a gene in stored apple fruit,the genetic association with a quantitative trait locus for fruit ester and the remarkable agreement in regio-and stereoselectivity of the LOX1:Md:1a reaction with the overall LOX activity found in mature apple fruits,suggest a major physiological function of LOX1:Md:1a during climacteric ripening of apples.While LOX1:Md:1c,LOX2:Md:2a and LOX2:Md:2b may contribute to aldehyde production in immature fruit upon cell disruption our results furnish additional evidence that LOX1:Md:1a probably regulates the availability of precursors for ester production in intact fruit tissue. | Doreen Schiller Carolina Contreras Jörg Vogt Frank Dunemann Bruno G Defilippi Randolph Beaudry Wilfried Schwab | 2015 | Horticulture Research2015，2，1： | 6 |
| 5 | The Strawberry Fruit Fra a Allergen Functions in Flavonoid Biosynthesis显示文摘1 变应原是的草莓兄弟主要桦树花粉变应原的一个相当或相同的事物赌了 v 1。当变异的遗传型的白水果,被知道被过敏症影响的个人容忍,缺乏它时,它被 Fragaria x ananassa 的红成熟水果综合。Proteomic 分析显示出 1 是的那个兄弟在与 anthocyanin 颜料小径的酶一起的容忍的白水果的遗传型下面调整。在这研究,我们报导三个兄弟的空间、时间的表示一编码不同 isoforms 的基因,和兄弟的短暂调停 RNAi 的 silencing 一在有 ihpRNA 的红水果的栽培变种 Elsanta 的草莓水果的基因构造。作为兄弟的减少的层次的后果 mRNAs,水果被获得那生产了 anthocyanins 和在上游的代谢物的显著地减少的层次。这效果与本氨基丙酸氨 lyase (FaPAL ) 的平行下面规定一致,到 chalcone synthase (FaCHS ) 的更小的程度,抄本层次也在这些水果发现。在 F 的自然地发生的白水果的遗传型。chiloensis 和 F。vesca,一个抄本铺平的兄弟比红水果的变化的那些高,可能在这些变异的遗传型补偿 FaPAL 和 FaCHS 的低表示层次。结果表明那个兄弟表情直接被连接到 flavonoid 生合成和表演变应原有的兄弟在在草莓的颜料形成的必要生物功能水果。 | Cristina Munoz Thomas Hoffmann Nieves Medina Escobar Felix Ludemann Miguel A. Botella Victoriano Valpuesta Wilfried Schwab | 2010 | Molecular Plant2010，3，1： | 6 |
| 6 | UGT74AF3 enzymes specifically catalyze the glucosylation of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one,an important volatile compound in Camellia sinensis显示文摘4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one(HDMF)is an important odorant in some fruits,and is proposed to play a crucial role in the caramel-like notes of some teas.However,its biosynthesis and metabolism in tea plants are still unknown.Here,HDMF glucoside was unambiguously identified as a native metabolite in tea plants.A novel glucosyltransferase UGT74AF3a and its allelic protein UGT74AF3b specifically catalyzed the glucosylation of HDMF and the commercially important structural homologues 2(or 5)-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5(or 2)-methylfuran-3(2H)-one(EHMF)and 4-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-3(2H)-one(HMF)to their correspondingβ-D-glucosides.Site-directed mutagenesis of UGT74AF3b to introduce a single A456V mutation resulted in improved HDMF and EHMF glucosylation activity and affected the sugar donor preference compared with that of the wild-type control enzyme.The accumulation of HDMF glucoside was consistent with the transcript levels of UGT74AF3 in different tea cultivars.In addition,transient UGT74AF3a overexpression in tobacco significantly increased the HDMF glucoside contents,and downregulation of UGT74AF3 transcripts in tea leaves significantly reduced the concentration of HDMF glucoside compared with the levels in the controls.The identification of HDMF glucoside in the tea plant and the discovery of a novel-specific UDP-glucose:HDMF glucosyltransferase in tea plants provide the foundation for improvement of tea flavor and the biotechnological production of HDMF glucoside. | Yongxian Chen Xiangyang Guo Ting Gao Na Zhang Xiaochun Wan Wilfried Schwab Chuankui Song | 2020 | Horticulture Research2020，7，1： | 6 |
| 7 | Evolution of stereoscopic imaging in surgery and recent advances显示文摘In the late 1980s the first laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed prompting a sudden rise in technological innovations as the benefits and feasibility of minimal access surgery became recognised.Monocular laparoscopes provided only two-dimensional(2D) viewing with reduced depth perception and contributed to an extended learning curve.Attention turned to producing a usable three-dimensional(3D) endoscopic view for surgeons;utilising different technologies for image capture and image projection.These evolving visual systems have been assessed in various research environments with conflicting outcomes of success and usability,and no overall consensus to their benefit.This review article aims to provide an explanation of the different types of technologies,summarise the published literature evaluating 3D vs 2D laparoscopy,to explain the conflicting outcomes,and discuss the current consensus view. | Katie Schwab Ralph Smith Vanessa Brown Martin Whyte Iain Jourdan | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2017，9，8： | 4 |
| 8 | Decreasing nutrient concentrations in soils and trees with increasing elevation across a treelineecotone in Rolwaling Himal, Nepal显示文摘At a global scale, tree growth in alpine treeline ecotones is limited by low temperatures. At a local scale, however, tree growth at its upper limit depends on multiple interactions of influencing factors and mechanisms. The aim of our research was to understand local scale effects of soil properties and nutrient cycling on tree growth limitation, and their interactions with other abiotic and biotic factors in a near-natural Himalayan treeline ecotone. Soil samples of different soil horizons, litter, decomposition layers, and foliage samples of standing biomass were collected in four altitudinal zones along three slopes, and were analysed for exchangeable cations and nutrient concentrations, respectively. Additionally, soil and air temperature, soil moisture, precipitation, and tree physiognomy patterns were evaluated. Both soil nutrients and foliar macronutrient concentrations of nitrogen(N), magnesium(Mg), potassium(K), and foliar phosphorus(P) decrease significantly with elevation. Foliar manganese(Mn) concentrations, bycontrast, are extraordinarily high at high elevation sites. Potential constraining factors on tree growth were identified using multivariate statistical approaches. We propose that tree growth, treeline position and vegetation composition are affected by nutrient limitation, which in turn, is governed by low soil temperatures and influenced by soil moisture conditions. | Simon DROLLINGER Michael MULLER Timo KOBL Niels SCHWAB Jurgen BOHNER Udo SCHICKHOFF Thomas SCHOLTEN | 2017 | Journal of Mountain Science2017，14，5： | 4 |
| 9 | 土壤反硝化对磺胺嘧啶及抗性基因消减的影响显示文摘农田土壤中抗生素及抗性基因的复合污染已给生态环境安全和人体健康带来了全新隐患。针对厌氧条件下,反硝化作用过程对土壤抗生素乃至抗性基因消减影响的研究一直相对较少。因而,本研究采集牛粪堆积池塘周边底层农田土壤作为目标污染土壤,重点研究反硝化作用过程对土壤磺胺嘧啶及抗性基因消减动态的影响。结果表明:相较于原始污染土壤处理(T1),添加了NO_3~–-N的处理(T2)可以显著强化土壤和水相中反硝化速率,提升N_2O的产气速率,促进土壤中磺胺嘧啶浓度和抗性基因丰度的快速降低;同时发现土壤反硝化基因(nir K、nir S和nos Z)与磺胺类抗性基因(sul Ⅰ和sul Ⅱ)呈显著负相关(P<0.05),说明当NO_3~–-N底物越充足,土壤反硝化细菌活性往往被激活,其反硝化功能基因表达就越活跃,土壤反硝化作用过程就越强烈,从而反馈作用促进磺胺嘧啶抗生素的厌氧消减,进而有助于sul系列抗性基因丰度的显著衰减;同时通过高通量测序技术及对反硝化细菌的分离筛选后,发现变形菌门(Proteobacteria)赖氨酸芽胞杆菌属(Lysinibacillus)的细菌是土壤厌氧反应前后的主导优势菌群,对于强化反硝化过程和促进磺胺嘧啶及sul抗性基因的消减发挥了潜在的积极作用。本研究结果可为探明土壤中抗生素的厌氧消减过程和缓解抗性基因的扩散传播提供新颖的认知基础。 | 刘款 孙明明 刘满强 焦加国 田达 陈旭 武俊 李辉信 胡锋 A.Paul Schwab | 2017 | 土壤2017，49，3： | 3 |
| 10 | Implications of tree species–environment relationships for the responsiveness of Himalayan krummholz treelines to climate change显示文摘Climate warming is expected to advance treelines to higher elevations. However, empirical studies in diverse mountain ranges give evidence of both advancing alpine treelines as well as rather insignificant responses. In this context, we aim at investigating the sensitivity and responsiveness of the near-natural treeline ecotone in Rolwaling Himal, Nepal, to climate warming. We analysed population densities of tree species along the treeline ecotone from closed forest stands via the krummholz belt to alpine dwarf shrub heaths(3700-4200 m) at 50 plots in 2013 and 2014. We quantified species-environment relationships, i.e. the change ofenvironmental conditions(e.g., nutrient and thermal deficits, plant interactions) across the ecotone by means of redundancy analyses, variation partitioning and distance-based Moran's eigenvector maps. In particular, we focus on explaining the high competitiveness of Rhododendron campanulatum forming a dense krummholz belt and on the implications for the responsiveness of Himalayan krummholz treelines to climate change. Results indicate that treeline trees in the ecotone show species-specific responses to the influence of environmental parameters, and that juvenile and adult tree responses are modulated by environmental constraints in differing intensity. Moreover, the species-environment relationships suggest that the investigated krummholz belt will largely prevent theupward migration of other tree species and thus constrain the future response of Himalayan krummholz treelines to climate warming. | Niels SCHWAB Udo SCHICKHOFF Birgit BURZLE Michael MULLER Jurgen BOHNER Ram Prasad CHAUDHARY Thomas SCHOLTEN Jens OLDELAND | 2017 | Journal of Mountain Science2017，14，3： | 3 |
| 11 | 速尿、苯氧比酸、硫唑嘌呤对慢性炎症性肠病患者红细胞TPMT活性的影响显示文摘目的:研究利尿剂速尿、苯氧比酸及其硫唑嘌呤对慢性炎症性肠病患者红细胞硫嘌呤甲基转移酶(TPMT)活性的影响。方法:应用高效液相法(HPLC)测定慢性炎症性肠病患者红细胞TPMT活性,其中中等活性、正常活性、较高活性的患者各6例,依据浓度效应曲线计算每个药物的IC50。结果:速尿对TPMT活性的抑制作用较强,平均IC50为15~19μmol·L-1,在健康志愿者的正常血浆浓度范围内。苯氧比酸和硫唑嘌呤的平均IC50值分别为300~313μmol·L-1、430~532μmol·L-1,均远高于体内所能达到的血浆浓度。3种药物的IC50值在3个不同TPMT活性组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:速尿可抑制红细胞TPMT活性,当速尿和硫嘌呤类药物合用时,应警惕发生不良相互作用。 | 辛华雯 Christine Fischer Matthias Schwab Ulrich Klotz | 2005 | 中国临床药理学与治疗学2005，10，6： | 3 |
| 12 | Myelin-associated inhibitors of neurite growth andregener-ation in the CNS显示文摘 | Schwab ME | 1990 | Trends Eurosci1990，13，11： | 2 |
| 13 | Influence of organic acids on the transport of heavy metals in soil显示文摘 | A.P. Schwab D.S. Zhu M.K. Banks | 2008 | Chemosphere2008，，6： | 2 |
| 14 | Quality of Life in GERD Patients: Medical Treatment Versus Antireflux Surgery显示文摘 | Ruxandra Ciovica Michael Gadenst?tter Anton Klingler Wolfgang Lechner Otto Riedl Gerhard P. Schwab | 2006 | Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2006，，7： | 2 |
| 15 | Metabolic and Nutritional Support of the Enterocutaneous Fistula Patient: A Three-Phase Approach显示文摘 | Travis M. Polk C. William Schwab | 2012 | World Journal of Surgery2012，，3： | 2 |
| 16 | Generation of C-reactive protein and complement components in atherosclerotic plaques显示文摘 | Yasojima K SCHWAB C McGEER E G | | 0，，： | 2 |
| 17 | A comparison of revolute joint clearance models in the dynamic analysis of rigid and elastic mechanical systems显示文摘 | A.L. Schwab J.P. Meijaard P. Meijers | 2002 | Mechanism and Machine Theory2002，，9： | 2 |
| 18 | 饲粮添加有机和无机微量元素对猪粪矿物元素排泄量及生长性能的影响显示文摘本研究采用分析粪样、试验末体重和超声波检测的方法评定百乐系列有机微量元素对生长肥育猪粪矿物元素(铜、铁和锌)排泄量以及生长性能和肉质的影响(n=528)。在生长肥育猪饲粮中添加百乐系列有机微量元素可显著降低猪粪中重金属和营养物质的排泄量,而对动物生产性能无任何不良影响。 | Burkett J L Schwab C R Stalder K J 罗兰 | 2008 | 养猪2008，，2： | 2 |
| 19 | Production of a mouse monoclonal antibody reactive with a human nuclear antigen associated with cell proliferation显示文摘 | Gerdes J Schwab U Lemke H | | 0，，： | 2 |
| 20 | Functional pharmacogenetics/genomics of human cytochromes P450 involved in drug biotransformation显示文摘 | Ulrich M. Zanger Miia Turpeinen Kathrin Klein Matthias Schwab | 2008 | Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry2008，，6： | 2 |
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