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| 1 | Global warming, human-induced carbon emissions, and their uncertainties显示文摘In recent decades, there have been a number of debates on climate warming and its driving forces. Based on an extensive literature review, we suggest that (1) climate warming occurs with great uncertainty in the magnitude of the temperature increase; (2) both human activities and natural forces contribute to climate change, but their relative contributions are difficult to quantify; and (3) the dominant role of the increase in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (including CO 2 ) in the global warming claimed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is questioned by the scientific communities because of large uncertainties in the mechanisms of natural factors and anthropogenic activities and in the sources of the increased atmospheric CO 2 concentration. More efforts should be made in order to clarify these uncertainties. | FANG JingYun ZHU JiangLing WANG ShaoPeng YUE Chao SHEN HaiHua | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，10： | 37 |
| 2 | Terrestrial carbon sinks in China and around the world and their contribution to carbon neutrality显示文摘Enhancing the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink(referred to as terrestrial C sink) is an important way to slow down the continuous increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) concentration and to achieve carbon neutrality target.To better understand the characteristics of terrestrial C sinks and their contribution to carbon neutrality,this review summarizes major progress in terrestrial C budget researches during the past decades,clarifies spatial patterns and drivers of terrestrial C sources and sinks in China and around the world,and examines the role of terrestrial C sinks in achieving carbon neutrality target.According to recent studies,the global terrestrial C sink has been increasing from a source of (-0.2±0.9) Pg C yr^(-1)(1 Pg=1015g)in the 1960s to a sink of (1.9±1.1) Pg C yr^(-1) in the 2010s.By synthesizing the published data,we estimate terrestrial C sink of 0.20–0.25 Pg C yr^(-1) in China during the past decades,and predict it to be 0.15–0.52 Pg C yr^(-1) by 2060.The terrestrial C sinks are mainly located in the mid-and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere,while tropical regions act as a weak C sink or source.The C balance differs much among ecosystem types:forest is the major C sink;shrubland,wetland and farmland soil act as C sinks;and whether the grassland functions as C sink or source remains unclear.Desert might be a C sink,but the magnitude and the associated mechanisms are still controversial.Elevated atmospheric CO_(2) concentration,nitrogen deposition,climate change,and land cover change are the main drivers of terrestrial C sinks,while other factors such as fires and aerosols would also affect ecosystem C balance.The driving factors of terrestrial C sink differ among regions.Elevated CO_(2) concentration and climate change are major drivers of the C sinks in North America and Europe,while afforestation and ecological restoration are additionally important forcing factors of terrestrial C sinks in China.For future studies,we recommend the necessity for intensive and long-term ecosystem C monitoring over broad geographic scale to improve terrestrial biosphere models for accurately evaluating terrestrial C budget and its dynamics under various climate change and policy scenarios. | Yuanhe Yang Yue Shi Wenjuan Sun Jinfeng Chang Jianxiao Zhu Leiyi Chen Xin Wang Yanpei Guo Hongtu Zhang Lingfei Yu Shuqing Zhao Kang Xu Jiangling Zhu Haihua Shen Yuanyuan Wang Yunfeng Peng Xia Zhao Xiangping Wang Huifeng Hu Shiping Chen Mei Huang Xuefa Wen Shaopeng Wang Biao Zhu Shuli Niu Zhiyao Tang Lingli Liu Jingyun Fang | 2022 | Science China(Life Sciences)2022，65，5： | 32 |
| 3 | Regional differences in the timing of recent air warming during the past four decades in China显示文摘Global surface temperature has dramatically increased in the past decades.It is critical to evaluate such a change using appropriate approaches.The previous studies for assessment of the change usually used overall trends of temperature series(i.e.slopes of simple linear regression of temperature versus year based on a least-square analysis) for entire study period.Temperature trends,however,differ among different periods,i.e.there are often breakpoints in the temperature series.Therefore,the overall linear trend of a temperature series may conceal some of the temporal characteristics of the temperature change.To precisely characterize the temporal and spatial patterns of air temperature change in China,we analyze the annual mean temperature series between the year of 1961?2004 for 536 meteorological stations across China,using piecewise linear regression approach.We found remarkable breakpoints in the annual mean temperature during the study period across the country.The annual mean temperature started to increase in 1984 at a rate of 0.058°C/a at the country level.The year when warming started appeared to be gradually later from the north to the south:temperature increased since the 1970s in the north(north of 40°N),and did not rise until the 1980s in most areas of the south(south of 40°N),with warming starting in 1983 in the Tibetan Plateau.The trends in annual mean temperatures showed a large spatial heterogeneity across China:a relatively small rising with a rate of 0.025-0.05°C/a in the Sichuan Basin,Central China and South China;the greatest increase in some parts of northwest China(i.e.Xinjiang) with up to a rate of 0.1°C/a;and rising at a rate of >0.05°C/a for most regions of the country.The feedbacks of cold waves and snow may be responsible for such regional differences in the timing and rates of warming in China. | WANG ShaoPeng WANG ZhiHeng PIAO ShiLong FANG JingYun | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，19： | 18 |
| 4 | When will China achieve its carbon emission peak?显示文摘Global warming is primarily attributed to the significant increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration,which is caused mainly by carbon emissions generated from fossil fuel combustion[1].Efficient measures are required to control these emissions and reduce global warming. | Tianli Zheng Jiangling Zhu Shaopeng Wang Jingyun Fang | 2016 | National Science Review2016，3，1： | 9 |
| 5 | Scenario analysis on the global carbon emissions reduction goal proposed in the declaration of the 2009 G8 Summit显示文摘A goal of a 50% reduction in global greenhouse gases emissions by 2050, with an 80% reduction by developed countries (hereafter referred to as the G8 Goal), was proposed at the G8 Summit held in L’Aquila, Italy, in July 2009. Here we analyze the scientific and political implications of the G8 Goal and its equity and feasibility by examining four greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. Our results show that (1) the goal to keep atmospheric CO2 concentration of <450 ppmv, stated by G8 nations, can only be achieved under the scenario of a steady, linear emissions reduction by all countries and simultaneously meeting the G8 Goal during the period 2005-2050; (2) under the G8 Goal, the carbon emissions quota for developing countries would not meet their carbon emission demands even if very strict reduction regimes are followed, with a gap of up to >1/3 of emissions demand in the next 45 years; and (3) under the G8 Goal, the cumulative per capita emissions during the period of 2006-2050 for developed and developing countries will be 81 t C and 40-47 t C, respectively, with the former doubling that of the latter, implying that the historical disparity of carbon emissions between developed and developing countries would be widened. Historically, the cumulative per capita emissions from developed countries are 12 times of those from developing countries. We therefore conclude that (1) the G8 Goal seeks to impose binding reduction targets on developing countries that will impede their industrialization process and cause conflicts among developing countries in the allocation of carbon emission rights; (2) the G8 Goal will not only widen the existing disparities of historical carbon emissions between developed and developing countries, but also generate new inequalities in the rights of carbon emissions; and (3) the 450 ppmv threshold of atmospheric CO2 concentration control, which is the basis for the G8 Goal, is impractical and impossible, and should not be accepted as the foundation for international climate negotiation on carbon emission reduction. In summary, the G8 Goal is clearly against the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities' and thus is unacceptable for developing countries. | FANG JingYun WANG ShaoPeng YUE Chao ZHU JiangLing GUO ZhaoDi HE CanFei TANG ZhiYao | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，11： | 8 |
| 6 | Variation analyses of growth and wood properties of Larix olgensis clones in China显示文摘The growth traits(tree height, diameter at breast height, and stem straightness degree) and wood properties[wood density(WD), fiber length, fiber width, ash content(AC), lignin content, cellulose content, hemicellulose content(HEC), and holocellulose content] of 208 26-yearold Larix olgensis clones were analyzed. Except for WD and AC, there were significant differences(p \ 0.01) for all traits among clones. The phenotypic coefficient of variation and repeatability of all traits were 9.34–35.33%and 0.218–0.930, respectively. Tree height and diameter at breast height showed significant positive correlation;however, the correlation coefficients among growth characteristics and wood properties were mostly not significant.Ten clones(L70, L56, L82, L90, L59, L91, L61, L92, L86,and L64) were selected as excellent clones under a selection rate of 5%, using tree height, diameter at breast height,and stem straightness degree as evaluation indexes, providing genetic gains of 28.69, 17.96, and 0.67%, respectively. Ten clones(L88, L305, L59, L66, L253, L304,L277, L298, L248, and L293) were selected as excellent clones using wood properties as an evaluation index, with a selection rate of 5%, providing genetic gains in WD, fiber length, fiber width, cellulose content, and HEC of 4.14,3.64, 9.28, 6.77, and 9.61%, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting excellent L. olgensis clones. | Shaopeng Yin Zhenhai Xiao Guohui Zhao Xin Zhao Xiaoyang Sun Ying Zhang Fuwei Wang Shuchun Li Xiyang Zhao Guan-Zheng Qu | 2017 | Journal of Forestry Research2017，28，4： | 6 |
| 7 | Mechanism of vertical crack formation in Yb_(2)SiO_(5) coatings deposited via plasma spray-physical vapor deposition显示文摘Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition(i.e.,PS-PVD)is a promising method for obtaining advanced environmental barrier coatings(EBCs).The EBCs must meet some requirements in the application,in which the thermal cycle performance affects the service lifetime.The preparation of artificial vertical cracks in Yb_(2)SiO_(5) coatings is an effective approach for meeting the requirements above because vertical cracks provide a strain tolerance.To clarify the formation mechanism of vertical cracks during the PSPVD,the effects of coating thickness and substrate temperature on the formation of vertical cracks were investigated.In addition,the interactions of spray powder and plasma flame during coating deposition were also characterized by optical spectroscopy.It is indicated that vertical cracks are formed due to a thermal expansion mismatch between Yb_(2)SiO_(5) and mullite coating,transient cooling after deposition and the nucleation of evaporated Yb_(2)SiO_(5) as well. | Xiaofeng Zhang Chao Wang Ruijun Ye Chunming Deng Xinghua Liang Ziqian Deng Shaopeng Niu Jinbing Song Guo Liu Min Liu Kesong Zhou Jian Lu Junli Feng | 2020 | Journal of Materiomics2020，6，1： | 6 |
| 8 | Process improvement in laser hot wire cladding for martensitic stainless steel based on the Taguchi method显示文摘与低热输入,高精力效率,和高精确的突出的特征,激光热电线 cladding 广泛地被使用因为重新生产的金属分开。然而, cladding 过程需要被使用一个量的方法改善。在这个工作,容量的缺点比率作为标准被建议描述为 cladding 层形成质量的正直。有 FV520B 的激光免职实验, martensitic 不锈钢之一,被使用 Taguchi 方法设计。四个进程变量,也就是激光力量(P) ,扫描速度(V s ), 电线喂率(V f ), 和电线水流(I) ,基于 signal-to-noise (S/N ) 的分析被优化比率。cladding 层的冶金学的观察被进行比较形成的质量并且验证分析方法。有最佳参数联合的稳定、连续的进程与最小的缺点和裂缝生产了一致微观结构,它导致了一个好冶金的结合接口。 | Zilin HUANG Gang WANG Shaopeng WEI Changhong LI Yiming RONG | 2016 | Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering2016，11，3： | 5 |
| 9 | Comparative profiling of the transcriptional response to soybean cyst nematode infection of soybean roots by deep sequencing显示文摘To gain insight into the changes in the transcriptome of soybean roots during soybean cyst nematode (SCN) infection, we conducted genome-wide gene expression profiling using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) combined with Solexa sequencing. More than 3 million tags were generated from the SCN-infected and uninfected roots, and 366941 and 314591 clean UniTags were obtained from SCN-infected and uninfected samples, respectively. In the SCN-infected sample, 48249 UniTags represented 18114 reference genes. In the uninfected control, 46290 UniTags represented 19323 reference genes. Comparison of tag frequencies identified 1405 genes that were expressed at greater levels in SCN-infected roots than in uninfected roots, and 1191 genes that were expressed at lower levels. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses confirmed the changes in mRNA levels observed in our sequencing analyses. A comparable number of genes were upand down-regulated in response to nematode infection, indicating that down-regulation of some genes might be essential in the plant response to nematodes. Our SAGE results showed significant changes in expression of many unreported genes involved in nematode infection. Approximately 7% of tags mapped to the antisense strand of genes, indicating widespread antisense transcription. | LI XiaoYan WANG Xue ZHANG ShaoPeng LIU DaWei DUAN YuXi DONG Wei | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，18： | 5 |
| 10 | Progress and key challenges in catalytic combustion of lean methane显示文摘As a primary type of clean energy,methane is also the second most important greenhouse gas after CO_(2)due to the high global warming potential.Large quantities of lean methane(0.1–1.0 vol%)are emitted into the atmosphere without any treatment during coal mine,oil,and natural gas production,thus leading to energy loss and greenhouse effect.In general,it is challenging to utilize lean methane due to its low concentration and flow instability,while catalytic combustion is a vital pathway to realize an efficient utilization of lean methane owing to the reduced emissions of polluting gases(e.g.,NOxand CO)during the reaction.In particular,to efficiently convert lean methane,it necessitates both the designs of highly active and stable heterogeneous catalysts that accelerate lean methane combustion at low temperatures and smart reactors that enable autothermal operation by optimizing heat management.In this review,we discuss the in-depth development,challenges,and prospects of catalytic lean methane combustion technology in various configurations,with particular emphasis on heat management from the point of view of material design combined with reactor configuration.The target is to describe a framework that can correlate the guiding principles among catalyst design,device innovation and system optimization,inspiring the development of groundbreaking combustion technology for the efficient utilization of lean methane. | Xiangbo Feng Lei Jiang Danyang Li Shaopeng Tian Xing Zhu Hua Wang Chi He Kongzhai Li | 2022 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2022，，12： | 4 |
| 11 | Numerical Investigation on Effectiveness of Flow Separation Control in Two-dimensional High-load Compressor Cascade by Synthetic Jet显示文摘The effectiveness of flow separation control in two-dimensional high load cascade by synthetic jet is investigated through numerical simulation of the effect of excitation frequency and amplitude together with the adaptability of synthetic jet to off-design conditions. Test results indicate that synthetic jet can be used to effectively control the large-scale two-dimensional flow separation in compressor cascade. Preferable results can be obtained when excitation frequency is close to or times of the characteristic frequency of original flow field. Excitation amplitude has a more important effect on the effectiveness of flow separation control, and the increase in excitation amplitude can bring about a dramatic decrease in the loss of total pressure. Synthetic jet has also a very good adaptability to off-design conditions. It can therefore be concluded that the incidence sensitivity of compressor cascade can be effectively reduced by synthetic jet. | Songtao Wang Le Cai Xun Zhou Shaopeng Lu | 2012 | Journal of Thermal Science2012，21，5： | 3 |
| 12 | Superresolution imaging of telomeres with continuous wave stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope显示文摘The significant role of telomeres in cells has attracted much attention since they were discovered.Fluorescence imaging is an effective method to study subcellular structures like telomeres.However,the diffraction limit of traditional optical microscope hampers further investigation on them.Recent progress on superresolution fluorescence microscopy has broken this limit.In this work,we used stimulated emission depletion(STED) microscope to observe fluorescence-labeled telomeres in interphase cell nuclei.The results showed that the size of fluorescent puncta representing telomeres under the STED microscope was much smaller than that under the confocal microscope.Two adjacent telomeres were clearly separated via STED imaging,which could hardly be discriminated by confocal microscopy due to the diffraction limit.We conclude that STED microscope is a more powerful tool that enable us to obtain detailed information about telomeres. | Shaopeng Wang Suhui Deng Xiaoqing Cai Shangguo Hou Jiajun Li Zhaoshuai Gao Jiang Li Lihua Wang Chunhai Fan | 2016 | Science China Chemistry2016，59，11： | 3 |
| 13 | Targeted Ptpn11 deletion in mice reveals the essential role of SHP2 in osteoblast differentiation and skeletal homeostasis显示文摘The maturation and function of osteoblasts(OBs)rely heavily on the reversible phosphorylation of signaling proteins.To date,most of the work in OBs has focused on phosphorylation by tyrosyl kinases,but little has been revealed about dephosphorylation by protein tyrosine phosphatases(PTPases).SHP2(encoded by PTPN11)is a ubiquitously expressed PTPase.PTPN11 mutations are associated with both bone and cartilage manifestations in patients with Noonan syndrome(NS)and metachondromatosis(MC),although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.Here,we report that SHP2 deletion in bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein-expressing(Bglap+)bone cells leads to massive osteopenia in both trabecular and cortical bones due to the failure of bone cell maturation and enhanced osteoclast activity,and its deletion in Bglap+chondrocytes results in the onset of enchondroma and osteochondroma in aged mice with increased tubular bone length.Mechanistically,SHP2 was found to be required for osteoblastic differentiation by promoting RUNX2/OSTERIX signaling and for the suppression of osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting STAT3-mediated RANKL production by osteoblasts and osteocytes.These findings are likely to explain the compromised skeletal system in NS and MC patients and to inform the development of novel therapeutics to combat skeletal disorders. | Lijun Wang Huiliang Yang Jiahui Huang Shaopeng Pei Liyun Wang Jian Q.Feng Dian Jing Hu Zhao Henry M.Kronenberg Douglas C.Moore Wentian Yang | 2021 | Bone Research2021，9，1： | 3 |
| 14 | Synergistic effects of multiple driving factors on the runoff variations in the Yellow River Basin,China显示文摘River runoff plays an important role in watershed ecosystems and human survival,and it is controlled by multiple environmental factors.However,the synergistic effects of various large-scale circulation factors and meteorological factors on the runoff on different time-frequency scales have rarely been explored.In light of this,the underlying mechanism of the synergistic effects of the different environmental factors on the runoff variations was investigated in the Yellow River Basin of China during the period 1950-2019 using the bivariate wavelet coherence(WTC)and multiple wavelet coherence(MWC)methods.First,the continuous wavelet transform(CWT)method was used to analyze the multiscale characteristics of the runoff.The results of the CWT indicate that the runoff exhibited significant continuous or discontinuous annual and semiannual oscillations during the study period.Scattered inter-annual time scales were also observed for the runoff in the Yellow River Basin.The meteorological factors better explained the runoff variations on seasonal and annual time scales.The average wavelet coherence(AWC)and the percent area of the significant coherence(PASC)between the runoff and individual meteorological factors were 0.454 and 19.89%,respectively.The circulation factors mainly regulated the runoff on the inter-annual and decadal time scales with more complicated phase relationships due to their indirect effects on the runoff.The AWC and PASC between the runoff and individual circulation factors were 0.359 and 7.31%,respectively.The MWC analysis revealed that the synergistic effects of multiple factors should be taken into consideration to explain the multiscale characteristic variations of the runoff.The AWC or MWC ranges were 0.320-0.560,0.617-0.755,and 0.819-0.884 for the combinations of one,two,and three circulation and meteorological factors,respectively.The PASC ranges were 3.53%-33.77%,12.93%-36.90%,and 20.67%-39.34%for the combinations one,two,and three driving factors,respectively.The combinations of precipitation,evapotranspiration(or the number of rainy days),and the Arctic Oscillation performed well in explaining the variability in the runoff on all time scales,and the average MWC and PASC were 0.847 and 28.79%,respectively.These findings are of great significance for improving our understanding of hydro-climate interactions and water resources prediction in the Yellow River Basin. | WANG Junjie SHI Bing ZHAO Enjin CHEN Xuguang YANG Shaopeng | 2021 | Journal of Arid Land2021，13，8： | 3 |
| 15 | Torque Ripple Reduction of Synchronous Reluctance Machine by Using Asymmetrical Barriers and Hybrid Magnetic Core显示文摘As there is no need of permanent magnet(PM)material and only silicon steel sheet required on the rotor,synchronous reluctance machine(SynRM)can be used for many applications and draws a great research interest.For the SynRM,the torque ripple is a big issue and a great of work could been done on reducing it.In this paper,asymmetrical magnetic flux barriers in the SynRM rotor were studied comprehensively,including angle and width of each layer and each side of the magnetic barrier.The SynRMb with asymmetrical and parallel magnetic flux barrier was found as the best way to design SynRM based on the multi-objective design optimization method.Moreover,each parameter was studied to show the design rule of the asymmetrical magnetic flux barrier.As the average torque will be reduced with the asymmetrical barrier is used,the grain-oriented silicon steel is used on stator teeth of the SynRMb(SynRMbG)was proposed and studied.The analysis results show that the proposed new method can make the SynRM have better performance. | Chengcheng Liu Kelin Wang Shaopeng Wang Youhua Wang Jianguo Zhu | 2021 | CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems2021，5，1： | 3 |
| 16 | Ethylenediamine promoted the hydrogenative coupling of nitroarenes over Ni/C catalyst显示文摘Azobenzene and its derivatives are key raw materials and it is an environmentally friendly method for the preparation of azobenzene by hydrogenative coupling of nitrobenzene. The development of nickel based catalyst for organic transformations is of importance because of its relatively low cost and toxicity. In this work, we found that ethylenediamine can enrich the electron state of Ni and make the azobenzene easily desorb from the surface of the catalyst, which inhibits the hydrogenation of azobenzene to aniline. The selectivity of azobenzene is greatly improved. When the ratio of Ni and ethylenediamine is 1:10, the yield of the azobenzene can reach 95.5%. | Youdi Yang Shaopeng Li Chao Xie Hangyu Liu Yanyan Wang Qingqing Mei Huizhen Liu Buxing Han | 2019 | Chinese Chemical Letters2019，30，1： | 3 |
| 17 | Forest soil respiration and its heterotrophic and autotrophic components: Global patterns and responses to temperature and precipitation显示文摘 | Wang Wei Chen Weile Wang Shaopeng | 2010 | Soil Biology and Biochemistry2010，，8： | 2 |
| 18 | Analysis of Dynamic Appliance Flexibility Considering User Behavior via Non-intrusive Load Monitoring and Deep User Modeling显示文摘The research on non-intrusive load monitoring(NILM)and the growing deployment of home energy manage-ment system(HEMS)have made it possible for households to have a detailed understanding of their power usage and to make appliances participate in demand response(DR)programs.Appliance flexibility analysis helps the HEMS dispatching appli-ances to participate in DR programs without violating user’s comfort level.In this paper,a dynamic appliance flexibility analysis approach using the smart meter data is presented.In the training phase,the smart meter data is preprocessed by NILM to obtain user’s appliances usage behaviors,which is used to train the user model.During operation,the NILM is used to infer recent appliances usage behaviors,and then the user model predicts user’s appliances usage behaviors in the DR period considering long-term behaviors dependences,correlations between appliances and temporal information.The flexibility of each appliance is calculated based on the appliance characteristics as well as the predicted user’s appliances usage behaviors caused by the control of the appliance.The HEMS can choose the appliance with high flexibility to participate in the DR programs.The case study demonstrates the performance of the user model and illustrates how the appliance flexibility analysis is performed using a real-world case. | Shaopeng Zhai Huan Zhou Zhihua Wang Guangyu He | 2020 | CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems2020，6，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Yield and quality properties of silage maize and their influencing factors in China显示文摘Silage maize(Zea mays L.) is one of the most important forages in the world, and its yield and quality properties are critical parameters for livestock production and assessment of forage values. However, relationships between its yield and quality properties and the controlling factors are not well documented. In this study, we collected 5,663 observations from 196 publications across the country to identify the relationships between yield and quality properties of silage maize and to assess the impact of management practices and climatic factors on its yield and quality in China. The average dry matter yield of silage maize was(19.98±6.93) Mg ha^(-1), and the average value of crude protein, ether extract, crude ash, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, nitrogen-free extract, and relative feed value was 7.86%±1.71%, 2.53%±1.01%, 5.05%±1.66%,23.97%±6.34%, 27.62%±7.12%, 51.60%±9.85%, 59.68%±7.72%, and 131.17±31.49, respectively. In general, its nutritive value decreased as its yield increased. Increasing planting density could increase the yield but inhibit the nutritive values, while increasing fertilization could benefit the nutritive values. Geographically, the yield increased and the nutritive value decreased from warm(south) to cold(north) regions. The length of growth duration was a major controlling factor for the patterns of these properties. Our findings provide insights for police-makers to make strategy for achieving high yield and good quality of silage maize and help local people to implement better management practices. | Mengying Zhao Yinping Feng Yue Shi Haihua Shen Huifeng Hu Yongkai Luo Longchao Xu Jie Kang Aijun Xing Shaopeng Wang Jingyun Fang | 2022 | Science China(Life Sciences)2022，65，8： | 2 |
| 20 | A multiscale 3D finite element analysis of fluid/solute transport in mechanically loaded bone显示文摘The transport of fluid, nutrients, and signaling molecules in the bone lacunar–canalicular system(LCS) is critical for osteocyte survival and function. We have applied the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching(FRAP) approach to quantify load-induced fluid and solute transport in the LCS in situ, but the measurements were limited to cortical regions 30–50 μm underneath the periosteum due to the constrains of laser penetration. With this work, we aimed to expand our understanding of load-induced fluid and solute transport in both trabecular and cortical bone using a multiscaled image-based finite element analysis(FEA)approach. An intact murine tibia was first re-constructed from micro CT images into a three-dimensional(3D)linear elastic FEA model, and the matrix deformations at various locations were calculated under axial loading. A segment of the above 3D model was then imported to the biphasic poroelasticity analysis platform(FEBio) to predict load-induced fluid pressure fields, and interstitial solute/fluid flows through LCS in both cortical and trabecular regions. Further, secondary flow effects such as the shear stress and/or drag force acting on osteocytes, the presumed mechano-sensors in bone, were derived using the previously developed ultrastructural model of Brinkman flow in the canaliculi. The material properties assumed in the FEA models were validated against previously obtained strain and FRAP transport data measured on the cortical cortex.Our results demonstrated the feasibility of this computational approach in estimating the fluid flux in the LCS and the cellular stimulation forces(shear and drag forces) for osteocytes in any cortical and trabecular bone locations, allowing further studies of how the activation of osteocytes correlates with in vivo functional bone formation. The study provides a promising platform to reveal potential cellular mechanisms underlying the anabolic power of exercises and physical activities in treating patients with skeletal deficiencies. | Lixia Fan Shaopeng Pei X Lucas Lu Liyun Wang | 2016 | Bone Research2016，4，3： | 2 |
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