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| 1 | Novel KCl/Silicate Drilling Fluids for Alleviating Problems in Troublesome Shale Formations in Sudan显示文摘为几十年,井在块 6 钻了,苏丹,经历了与由于在 Aradeiba 和 Abu Gabra 形成存在的高度反应、散的页岩钻液体有关的严肃的洞不稳定性问题。这些问题包括了洞节与紧密的洞,以及严肃的 sloughing 相结合的冲刷。经常的擦拭器旅行井被要求并且记载不通常是成功的。以前,几常规禁止的以水为基的钻液体象 KCl/polymer, KCl/lime/polymer 和 KCl/PHPA 那样(部分 hydrolyzed polyacrylamide ) 在这个区域被使用了,但是与在洞稳定性和钻的性能的仅仅边缘的改进。最近,一个最新提出的 KCl /sodium 硅酸盐系统,被性质和过滤控制的好 rheological 描绘,被开发并且使用了提供必要禁止的字符。第一试用很好与这种钻被钻在块 6 的液体,苏丹,和下列受益被观察:(1 ) 优秀正直为页岩形成由钻的剪样展出了;(2 ) 稳定的地上凿穿与更低的泥重量保留了;(3 ) 减少了擦拭器旅行;并且(4 ) 从 caliper logs.Later 显示出在上的在里面计量器地上凿穿,五口更多的井在这个区域与 KCl /sodium 硅酸盐系统被钻。KCl/sodium 硅酸盐系统罐头充分遇见在这个区域钻操作的要求,这被发现。案例研究以擦拭器旅行,剪样的禁止的特性,洞条件和泥重量在这份报纸被介绍。 | Guo Jiankang Yan Jienian Fan Weiwang Zhang Hongjing Wang Qunli Yu Zhihai | 2005 | Petroleum Science2005，2，4： | 2 |
| 2 | Axonal autophagy during regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve显示文摘BACKGROUND: The removal of degenerated axonal debris during Wallerian degeneration is very important for nerve regeneration. However, the mechanism by which debris is removed is not been completely understood. Considerable controversy remains as to the clearance pathway and cells that are involved. OBJECTIVE: To investigate axonal autophagy during removal of degenerated axonal debris by transecting the sciatic nerve in a rat Wallerian degeneration model. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Experimental neuropathological analysis. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory Animal Service Center of the Southern Medical University between January and June 2005. MATERIALS: Fifty-four adult, Wistar rats of either sex, weighing 180-250 g, were obtained from the Laboratory Animal Service Center of the Southern Medical University. Animals were randomly divided into nine groups of six rats. METHODS: Wallerian degeneration was induced by transecting the rat sciatic nerve, and tissue samples from the distal stump were obtained 0.2, 0.4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, and 15 days post-transection. Ultrathin sections were prepared for electron microscopy to study ultrastructure and enzyme cytochemistry staining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ultrastructure (axon body, autophagic body, and cystoskeleton) of axons and myelin sheaths observed with electron microscopy; acidic phosphatase activity detected by Gomori staining using electron microscopy. RESULTS: The major changes of degenerating axons after transection were axoplasm swelling and separation of axons from their myelin sheath between five hours and two days post-transection. At four days post-transection, the axoplasm condensed and axons were completely separated from the myelin sheath, forming dissociative axon bodies. Vacuoles of different sizes formed in axons during the early phase after lesion. Larger dissociative axon bodies were formed when the axons were completely separated from the myelin sheath during a late phase. The axolemma surrounding the axon body was derived from the neuronal cell membrane; the condensed axoplasm contained many autophagic vacuoles at all levels. A large number of neurofilaments, microtubules, and microfilaments were arranged in a criss-cross pattern. The autophagic vacuoles exhibited acidic phosphatase activity. Axonal bodies were absorbed after degradation from day 7 onwards, and macrophages were observed rarely in the formative cavity. CONCLUSION: The degenerating axons were cleared mainly by axonal autophagy and Schwann cell phagocytosis during regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve, and macrophages exhibited only an assisting function. | Kangrong Lu Zhongxian Piao Zhenxi Liu Weiwang Gu Wanshan Wang Yingjie Piao | 2008 | Neural Regeneration Research2008，3，6： | 2 |
| 3 | Correlation between prion protein gene codon 129 polymorphism and late-onset Alzheimer's disease显示文摘BACKGROUND:Studies addressing the correlation between prion protein gene codon 129 polymorphism,Alzheimer's disease,and cognitive disorders have mainly focused on Caucasians. However,prion protein gene codon 129 polymorphism is thought to also affect the Chinese Han and Wei populations. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the differences of prion protein gene codon 129 distribution among the elderly Chinese Han,East Asian,and Caucasian populations,and to study the correlation between prion protein gene codon 129 distribution and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A gene polymorphism analysis was performed in the Institute of Geriatrics,General Hospital of Chinese PLA between January 2006 and January 2007. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 152 elderly Chinese Han people were selected from the Beijing Troop Cadre's Sanitarium.Among them,60 patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease,with a mean age of(82±7) years(range 67-94 years) and disease course of(5.9±4.4) years,comprising 44 males with a mean age of(83±7) years and 16 females with a mean age of(78±7) years,were selected for the case group.An additional 92 healthy elderly subjects,with a mean of(76±9) years(range 60-94 years),comprising 76 males with a mean age of(77±9) years and 16 females with a mean age of(70±8) years,were selected for the control group.There were no significant differences in age and gender between the two groups(P>0.05). METHODS:DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes using routine phenol/chloroform methodology.Prion protein gene codon 129 polymorphism and ApoE polymorphism were measured using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism.The ApoEεallele was considered the standard for analyzing correlations between prion protein gene codon 129 polymorphism and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Prion protein gene codon 129 distribution;correlation between genotypic frequency and allele frequency of prion protein gene codon 129 with Alzheimer's disease; relationship between methionine/methionine genotype of prion protein gene,ApoEε4 allele,gender, and age of Alzheimer's disease patients. RESULTS:Methionine/methionine genotypic frequency of prion protein gene codon 129 was 94.08%in the Chinese elderly population,and the methionine/valine genotypic frequency was 5.92%.However,valine/valine homozygotes were not determined.There was no significant difference in prion protein gene codon 129 polymorphism between the Chinese elderly and East Asian populations(P>0.05).However,there was a significant difference between the Chinese elderly and the Caucasian population(P<0.05).The methionine/methionine genotype for the positive and negative ApoEε4 alleles was a risk factor for increased incidence of Alzheimer's disease,but there was no significant difference between the positives and the negatives(odds ratio =1.33,95%confidence interval=0.32-5.49,P>0.05). CONCLUSION:Prion protein gene codon 129 distribution in the Chinese elderly was different from the Caucasian population,which suggested that the methionine/methionine genotype of prion protein gene codon 129 negatively correlated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. | Hairong Qian Luning Wang Xiaokun Qi Jianwei Liu Jing Liu Ling Ye Hengge Xie WeiWang Feng Qiu | 2009 | Neural Regeneration Research2009，4，6： | 0 |
| 4 | Effects of gentamicin on choline acetyltransferase expression in paraolivary nucleus neurons of guinea pigs显示文摘BACKGROUND:It is generally accepted that gentamicin can damage the cochlear nerve and acoustic nerve. In recent years,scholars have focused on neuronal changes and neurochemical information in the brainstem primary auditory center. OBJECTIVE: To explore morphological changes of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neurons in the paraolivary nucleus (PON) of guinea pigs,and the effect on hearing following gentamicin injection. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: Randomized grouping and morphological observational study was performed at Animal Experimental Center of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from January to August 2007. MATERIALS: A total of 48 healthy guinea pigs were randomly divided into model (n=40) and control (n= 8) groups. The model group was divided into five subgroups at five time points of 1 and 3 days,1,2,and 3 weeks. METHODS: Guinea pigs in the model group were intraperitoneally injected with gentamicin,and those in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of saline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Auditory brainstem-evoked potential was used to record auditory threshold; distribution and morphological changes of ChAT-positive neurons in the PON were observed with immunohistochemistry; section area and gray value of ChAT-positive neurons were measured with Quantimet 570 image-analyzing system. RESULTS: ChAT-positive neurons were diffusedly distributed in the PON. The majority was composed of large,round cells,with positive neurites that could be clearly observed. Following gentamicin injection,the positive neurons displayed an irregular outline,and their neurites began to shorten and disappear. The gray value increased with prolonged gentamicin administration (P<0.05). In addition,the somatic cross-sectional area was enlarged in the model group at 1 and 3 days after injection (P<0.05),whereas cell number significantly decreased at three weeks after injection (P<0.05). Starting at 3-4 days,behavioral features and auditory degrees became gradually aggravated with prolonged gentamicin administration (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Gentamicin damaged ChAT-positive neurons in the PON,and long-term gentamicin treatment aggravated hearing impairment. | Mingguang Zhao Xiaochen Wang Yong Liang Peng Xie Xuejun Guo Jinjiang Li WeiWang | 2008 | Neural Regeneration Research2008，3，11： | 0 |
| 5 | Towards simultaneous observation of path and interference of a single photon in a modified Mach–Zehnder interferometer显示文摘Classical wisdom of wave-particle duality regulates that a quantum object shows either the particle or wave nature but never both.Consequently,it would be impossible to observe simultaneously the complete wave and particle nature of the quantum object.Mathematically the principle requests that the interference visibility V and whichpath distinguishability D satisfy an orthodox limit of V^2+D^2≤1.The present work reports a new waveparticle duality test experiment using single photons in a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer to demonstrate the possibility of breaking the limit.The key element of the interferometer is a weakly scattering total internal reflection prism surface,which exhibits a pronounced single-photon interference with a visibility of up to 0.97and simultaneously provides a path distinguishability of 0.83.Apparently,the result of V^2+D^2≈1.63 exceeds the orthodox limit set by the classical principle of wave-particle duality for single photons.We expect that more delicate experiments in the future should be able to demonstrate the ultimate limit of V^2+D^2≈2 and shed new light on the foundations of con temporary quantum mechanics. | FENGHUA QI ZHIYUAN WANG WEIWANG XU XUE-WEN CHEN ZHI-YUAN LI | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，4： | 0 |
| 6 | Intelligent model prediction of fluctuant increase of maximum electric field in XLPE insulation using long short-term memory network algorithm显示文摘The electric field distortion due to space charge accumulations plays a significant role in the ageing,degradation and breakdown in failure of HVDC power cables.Currently,limited experimental results of the electric field dominated by space charges are insufficient to diagnose the power cables.This paper proposes an improved long short-term memory network(LSTM)model for predicting the fluctuating maximum electric field(Emax)in cross-linked polyethylene(XLPE)cable insulation.The various Emax data derived from the complex space charge behaviours were measured using the pulsed electroacoustic method.The model uses regularisation and dropout feedback in the LSTM unit,reducing the phenomenon of over-fitting due to the limited data.It enhances the prediction accuracy and ability of long time prediction by improving the prediction of Emax with the non-linear fluctuation.The predicted Emax approaches 190 kV/mm under 150 kV/mm and 60°C after 2 h.The predicted large variation in Emax under 120 kV/mm and 20°C after 4 h ranges from 130 to 160 kV/mm.It indicates high electric stress in the cable insulation during continuous operation.The proposed LSTM model is of great importance to guide the diagnosis of cable degradation in HVDC power cables. | Weiwang Wang Jiaju Lv Yong Feng Xinyuan Li Shengtao Li | 2023 | High Voltage2023，8，1： | 0 |
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