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| 1 | New proofs of the recent climate warming over the Tibetan Plateau as a result of the increasing greenhouse gases emissions显示文摘A striking climate warming over the Ti- betan Plateau during the last decades has been re- vealed by many studies, but evidence linking it to human activity is insufficient. By using historical ob- servations, here we show that the in situ climate warming is accompanied by a distinct decreasing trend of the diurnal range of surface air temperature. The ERA40 reanalysis further indicates that there seems to be a coherent warming trend near the tro- popause but a cooling trend in the lower stratosphere. Moreover, all these features can be reproduced in two coupled climate models forced by observed CO2 concentration of the 20th century but cannot be pro- duced by the fixed external conditions before the industrial revolution. These suggest that the recent climate warming over the Tibetan Plateau primarily results from the increasing anthropogenic green- house gases emissions, and impacts of the increased greenhouse gases emissions upon the climate change in the plateau are probably more serious than the rest of the world. | DUAN Anmin WU Guoxiong ZHANG Qiong LIU Yimin | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，11： | 51 |
| 2 | 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents显示文摘Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department visits.Recurrent syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up. | Cheng Wang Yaqi Li Ying Liao Hong Tian Min Huang Xiangyu Dong Lin Shi Jinghui Sun Hongfang Jin Junbao Du Jindou An Jie Chen Mingwu Chen Qi Chen Sun Chen Yonghong Chen Zhi Chen Adolphus Kai-tung Chau Junbao Du Zhongdong Du Junkai Duan Hongyu Duan Xiangyu Dong Lin Feng Lijun Fu Fangqi Gong Yonghao Gui Ling Han Zhenhui Han Bing He Zhixu He Xiufen Hu Yimin Hua Guoying Huang Min Huang Ping Huang Yujuan Huang Hongfang Jin Mei Jin Bo Li Fen Li Tao Li Xiaohui Li Xiaoyan Liu Yan Li Haitao Lv Tiewei Lv Zipu Li Luyi Ma Silin Pan Yusheng Pang Hua Peng Yuming Qin Jie Shen Lin Shi Kun Sun Jinghui Sun Hong Tian Jie Tian Cheng Wang Hong Wang Lei Wang Jinju Wang Wendi Wang Yuli Wang Rongzhou Wu Tianhe Xia Yanyan Xiao Chunhong Xie Yanlin Xing Zhenyu Xiong Baoyuan Xu Yi Xu Hui Yan Shiwei Yang Qijian Yi Xia Yu Xianyi Yu Yue Yuan Hongyan Zhang Huili Zhang Li Zhang Qingyou Zhang Xi Zhang Yanmin Zhang Zhiwei Zhang Cuifen Zhao Bin Zhou Hua Zhu | 2018 | Science Bulletin2018，63，23： | 54 |
| 3 | Tibetan Plateau climate dynamics: recent research progress and outlook显示文摘This paper reviews progress in the study of Tibetan Plateau(TP) climate dynamics over the past decade.Several theoretical frameworks, including thermal adaptation and the TP sensible heat(SH) driving air-pump, have been developed to identify the mechanisms responsible for the circulation anomaly produced by thermal forcing of the TP. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the thermal efects of large-scale orography, including the Tibetan and Iranian Plateaus(TIP), are crucial for the formation of the East Asian and South Asian summer monsoons(SASM) because the surface SH of the TIP is the major driver of the water vapor transport required for the genesis of the north branch of the SASM. he large-scale orography of the TP afects the Asian climate through thermal forcing in spring and summer, and mechanical forcing in winter. he TP forcing can also inluence the Asian summer monsoon(ASM) onset over the Bay of Bengal(BOB) by enhancing the BOB warm pool at the surface and by modulating the South Asian High(SAH) in the upper troposphere. On intra-seasonal timescales, the TP thermal forcing signiicantly modulates spring rainfall in southern China and generates the biweekly oscillation of the SAH in summer. Despite climate warming, the atmospheric heat source over the TP, particularly the spring SH,exhibits a clear weakening trend from the 1980 s to 2000 s. his weakening of the spring SH contributed to the anomalous ‘dry in the north' and ‘wet in the south' rainfall patern observed over East China. Also discussed are challenges to further understanding the mechanism of TP forcing on the multi-scale variability of the ASM. | Guoxiong Wu Anmin Duan Yimin Liu Jiangyu Mao Rongcai Ren Qing Bao Bian He Boqi Liu Wenting Hu | 2015 | National Science Review2015，2，1： | 51 |
| 4 | Transplantation of collagen scaffold with autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells promotes functional endometrium reconstruction via downregulating ΔNp63 expression in Asherman's syndrome显示文摘Asherman's syndrome(AS) is a common disease that presents endometrial regeneration disorder. However, little is known about its molecular features of this aregenerative endometrium in AS and how to reconstruct the functioning endometrium for the patients with AS. Here, we report that ΔNp63 is significantly upregulated in residual epithelial cells of the impaired endometrium in AS; the upregulated-ΔNp63 induces endometrial quiescence and alteration of stemness. Importantly, we demonstrate that engrafting high density of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells(BMNCs) loaded in collagen scaffold onto the uterine lining of patients with AS downregulates ΔNp63 expression, reverses ΔNp63-induced pathological changes, normalizes the stemness alterations and restores endometrial regeneration. Finally, five patients achieved successful pregnancies and live births. Therefore, we conclude that ΔNp63 is a crucial therapeutic target for AS. This novel treatment significantly improves the outcome for the patients with severe AS. | Guangfeng Zhao Yun Cao Xianghong Zhu Xiaoqiu Tang Lijun Ding Haixiang Sun Juan Li Xinan Li Chenyan Dai Tong Ru Hui Zhu Jingjie Lu Caimei Lin Jingmei Wang Guijun Yan Huiyan Wang Lei Wang Yimin Dai Bin Wang Ruotian Li Jianwu Dai Yan Zhou Yali Hu | 2017 | Science China(Life Sciences)2017，60，4： | 39 |
| 5 | Heating status of the Tibetan Plateau from April to June and rainfall and atmospheric circulation anomaly over East Asia in midsummer显示文摘Based on the 1958-1999 monthly averaged reanalysis data of the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the rainfall data of 160 Chinese surface stations, the relationship between rainfall and the atmospheric circulation anomaly over East Asia (EA) in July and the sensible heating (SH) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) from April to June (AMJ) is investigated by using the rotational experimental orthogonal function (REOF) method. The results show that the TP is an isolated heating source in this period. The lagged correlation analysis between the first rotational principal component (RPC) of SH over the TP in May and rainfall of EA in July demonstrates that strong SH over the TP before July leads to a positive rainfall anomaly over the TP, the valley between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, and the regions south and southeast of the TP, and the Sichuan Basin and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, but less rainfall anomaly over the regions north, northeast, and west of the TP. Such rainfall anomaly patterns are shown to be well coordinated with those of the circulation and vapor flux fields, and are explained by using the thermal adaptation theory and quasi-stationary large-scale vorticity equation. Therefore, the status of SH over the TP during AMJ can be used as a predictor for the rainfall anomaly over EA, especially in the valley between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. | DUAN Anmin LIU Yimin WU Guoxiong | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，2： | 29 |
| 6 | Synchronization of two coupled exciters in a vibrating system of spatial motion显示文摘纸建议调查二的同步的一条分析途径在空间运动的一个颤动的系统联合了 exciters。为二 exciters 的平均尖速度介绍骚乱参数,我们推出二 exciters,联合矩阵的惯性在是对称的尖速度的非维的联合方程并且联合矩阵的僵硬在一个非反响的颤动系统是反对称的。阶段角度的联合余弦效果将引起对二台马达起作用限制二 exciters 之间的阶段差别的增加以及在跑期间支撑它二 exciters 的对称的转矩的动态典型表演处理的联合的分析。它身体上解释二 exciters 的自我同步的怪癖。颤动的阶段角度的余弦效果由每 exciter 愿望减少使它惯性的时刻激动。每 exciter 的惯性的剩余时刻代表它惯性的相对时刻。 exciters 是二 exciters 的惯性的相对非维的时刻都比乘他们的产品的零和四伟大的二的同步的稳定性条件比他们阶段角度的联合余弦效果的系数的平方大,它等价于联合矩阵的惯性是积极的明确并且所有它的元素是积极的。数字结果证明颤动的系统的结构能保证同步操作的稳定性条件。关键词频率俘获-稳定性-同步-颤动的系统-振动同步传播工程被辽宁省学院科学和研究( 2008S095 )支持,中国的国家自然科学基础的关键工程( 50535010 , 50805020 )并且中国( 2007AA04Z442 )的高技术研究和开发节目。 | Chunyu Zhao Hongtao Zhu Yimin Zhang Bangchun Wen | 2010 | Acta Mechanica Sinica2010，26，3： | 25 |
| 7 | An assessment of summer sensible heat flux on the Tibetan Plateau from eight data sets显示文摘The eight datasets of the summer (June-August) surface sensible heat (SH) flux over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are compared on the time scales of the climatology,interannual variability and linear trend during 1980-2006.These data sets include five reanalyses (National Center for Environmental Prediction reanalysis,NCEPR1 and NCEPR2,NCEP climate forecast system reanalysis,CFSR,Japanese 25-year reanalysis,JRA,and European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis,ERA40),two land surface model outputs (Noah model data of Global Land Data Assimilation System version 2,G2_Noah,and Simple Biosphere version 2 output by Yang et al.,YSiB2),and estimated SH based on China Meteorological Administration (CMA) station observations,ObCh.The results suggest that the summer SH on the TP differs from one dataset to another due to different inputs and calculations.Climatologically,the ERA40 and JRA distribute rather uniformly while the other six products show similar regional disparities,that is,larger in the west than in the east and stronger in the north and the south than in the middle of the plateau.The mean magnitude of the SH averaged over the 76 stations above the TP varies considerably among each dataset with the difference of more than 20 W m?2 between the maximum (G2_Noah) and minimum (ObCh).Nevertheless,they are consistent in the interannual variability and mostly show a significant decreasing trend corresponding to the weakening surface wind speed,in spite of the distinct trend for the ground-air temperature difference among the different data sets.These two consistencies indicate the particular availability of the SH products,which is helpful to the relevant climate dynamics research. | ZHU XiaYing LIU YiMin WU GuoXiong | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，5： | 24 |
| 8 | Validation of quantitative computed tomography-derived areal bone mineral density with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in an elderly Chinese population显示文摘 | Cheng Xiaoguang Wang Ling Wang Qianqian Ma Yimin Su Yongbin Li Kai | 2014 | Chinese Medical Journal2014，，8： | 22 |
| 9 | Unmanned aerial systems coordinate target allocation based on wolf behaviors显示文摘Unmanned aerial systems (UASs), especially the cluster of UAS, are highly focused and widely used in various domains. The application of small and inexpensive UAS with a large-scale group to perform complex tasks has become a mainstream trend. Thus, collaborative task assignment of UAS has become a problem that must be solved. | Haibin DUAN Qing YANG Yimin DENG Pei LI Huaxin QIU Tianjie ZHANG Daifeng ZHANG Mengzhen HUO Yankai SHEN | 2019 | Science China(Information Sciences)2019，62，1： | 22 |
| 10 | Guidance for the clinical evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine-induced liver injury Issued by China Food and Drug Administration显示文摘1. Introduction Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), defined as liver injury caused by a drug and/or its metabolites, is a common clinical adverse drug reaction1–4. This type of injury can cause acute liver failure and even death in severe cases5. | Xiaohe Xiao Jianyuan Tang Yimin Mao Xiuhui Li Jiabo Wang Chenghai Liu Kewei Sun Yong’an Ye Zhengsheng Zou Cheng Peng Ling Yang Yuming Guo Zhaofang Bai Tingting He Jing Jing Fengyi Li Na An | 2019 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2019，9，3： | 22 |
| 11 | Land-atmosphere-ocean coupling associated with the Tibetan Plateau and its climate impacts显示文摘This paper reviews recent advances regarding land-atmosphere-ocean coupling associated with the Tibetan Plateau(TP)and its climatic impacts.Thermal forcing over the TP interacts strongly with that over the Iranian Plateau,forming a coupled heating system that elevates the tropopause,generates a monsoonal meridional circulation over South Asia and creates conditions of large-scale ascent favorable for Asian summer monsoon development.TP heating leads to intensification and westward extension(northward movement)of the South Asian High(Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone),and exerts strong impacts on upstream climate variations from North Atlantic to West Asia.It also affects oceanic circulation and buoyancy fields via atmospheric stationary wave trains and air-sea interaction processes,contributing to formation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.The TP thermal state and atmospheric-oceanic conditions are highly interactive and Asian summer monsoon variability is controlled synergistically by internal TP variability and external forcing factors. | Yimin Liu Mengmeng Lu Haijun Yang Anmin Duan Bian He Song Yang Guoxiong Wu | 2020 | National Science Review2020，7，3： | 21 |
| 12 | TNF-α Induces Transient Resistance to Fas-Induced Apoptosis in Eosinophilic Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells显示文摘Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) has been recognized as an activator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a factor implicated in the protection of many cell types from apoptosis. We and others have presented evidence to suggest that Fas-induced apoptosis may be an important aspect of the resolution of inflammation, and that delayed resolution of inflammation may be directly associated with NF-κB-dependent resistance to Fas. Because TNF-α activates NF-κB in many cell types including inflammatory cells such as eosinophils, we examined effects of TNF-α signaling on the Fas-mediated killing of an eosinophilic cell line AML14. While agonist anti-Fas (CH11) treatment induced apoptosis in AML14 cells, no significant cell death occurred in response to TNF-α alone. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that TNF-α induced NF-κB transactivation in AML14 cells in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, and subsequent supershift assays indicated that the translocated NF-κB was the heterodimer p65 (RelA)/p50. Pre-treatment of cells with TNF-α dramatically decreased the CH11-induced cell death in a transient fashion, accompanied by suppression of activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. Inhibition of NF-κB transactivation by inhibitors, BAY 11-7085 and parthenolide, reversed the suppression of Fas-mediated apoptosis by TNF-α. Furthermore, TNF-α up-regulated X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) transiently and XIAP levels were correlated with the temporal pattern of TNF-α protection against Fas-mediated apoptosis. This finding suggested that TNF-α may contribute to the prolonged survival of inflammatory cells by suppression of Fas-mediated apoptosis, the process involved with NF-κB transactivation,anti-apoptotic XIAP up-regulation and caspase | Yimin Qin Sogyong Auh Lyubov Blokh Catherine Long Isabelle Gagnon Kimm J. Hamann | 2007 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2007，4，1： | 19 |
| 13 | Relations between oxygen stable isotopic ratios in precipitation and relevant meteorological factors in southwest China显示文摘The correlations of isotopic ratios in precipitation with temperature, air pressure and humidity at dif- ferent altitudes, in southwest China, are analyzed. There appear marked negative correlations for the δ 18O in precipitation with precipitation amount, vapor pressure and atmospheric precipitable water (PW) at Mengzi, Simao and Tengchong stations on synoptic timescale; the marked negative correlations between the δ 18O in precipitation and the diurnal mean temperature at 400 hPa, 500 hPa, 700 hPa and 850 hPa are different from the temperature effect in middle-high-latitude inland. Moreover, the notable positive correlation between the δ 18O in precipitation and the dew-point deficit △Td at different altitudes is found at the three stations. On annual timescale, the annual precipitation amount weighted mean δ 18O display the negative correlations not only with annual precipitation but also with annual mean temperature at 500 hPa. It can be deduced that, in the years with abnormally strong summer monsoon, more warm and wet air from low-latitude oceans is transported northward along the vapor channel located in southwest China and generates abnormally strong rainfall on the way. Meanwhile, the ab- normally strong condensation process will release more condensed latent heat into atmosphere, and lead to the rise of atmospheric temperature during rainfall, but decline of the δ 18O in precipitation. On the contrary, in the years with abnormally weak summer monsoon, the abnormally weak condensation process will release less condensed latent heat into atmosphere, and lead to the decline of atmos- pheric temperature during rainfall, but increase of the δ 18O in precipitation. | ZHANG XinPing LIU JingMiao SUN WeiZheng HUANG YiMin ZHANG JianMing | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，4： | 17 |
| 14 | Application of PMMA bone cement composited with bone-mineralized collagen in percutaneous kyphoplasty显示文摘We investigated the feasibility of applying polymethylmethacrylate bone cement composited with biomimetic bone-mineralizsed collagen to percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP).We performed PKP in 95 patients diagnosed with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.All patients had fractures of a single vertebral body,and they were divided randomly into control(group A,47 patients)and experimental(group B,48 patients)groups.Patients in group A were treated with acrylic cement,and those in group B were treated with acrylic cement composited with the bone graft material.All patients were evaluated by a visual analogue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI),Cobb angle and anterior vertebral body height preoperatively,and 3 days and 3 months postoperatively.All patients successfully completed surgery and were followed up thereafter.The VAS score,ODI index,Cobb angle and anterior vertebral body height compression rate in both groups had significant changes(P<0.05)preoperatively,and at 3 days and 3 months postoperatively.There was no significant difference between the two groups at different times(P>0.05).The analgesic effects of bone cement composited with bone-mineralized collagen are similar to those of bone cement only.Mineralized collagen has excellent promotion prospects by inducing new bone formation and reducing the incidence of adverse reactions caused by bone cement. | Ming Bai Heping Yin Jian Zhao Yang Li Yongdong Yang Yimin Wu | 2017 | Regenerative Biomaterials2017，4，4： | 17 |
| 15 | Vortex genesis over the Bay of Bengal in spring and its role in the onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon显示文摘Physical processes associated with onset of the 1998 Asian summer monsoon were examined in detail using multi-source datasets. We demonstrated that strong ocean-atmosphere-land interaction in the northern Indian Ocean and tropical Asian area during spring is a fundamental factor that induces the genesis and development of a monsoon onset vortex over the Bay of Bengal (BOB), with the vortex in turn triggering onset of the Asian summer monsoon. In spring, strong surface sensible heating over India and the Indochina Peninsula is transferred to the atmosphere, forming prominent in situ cyclonic circulation, with anticyclonic circulations over the Arabian Sea and northern BOB where the ocean receives abundant solar radiation. The corresponding surface winds along the North Indian Ocean coastal areas cause the ocean to produce the in situ offshore currents and upwelling, resulting in sea surface temperature (SST) cooling. With precipitation on the Indochina Peninsula increasing from late April to early May, the offshore current disappears in the eastern BOB or develops into an onshore current, leading to SST increasing. A southwest-northeast oriented spring BOB warm pool with SST >31°C forms in a band from the southeastern Arabian Sea to the eastern BOB. In early May, the Somali cross-equatorial flow forms due to the meridional SST gradient between the two hemispheres, and surface sensible heat over the African land surface. The Somali flow overlaps in phase with the anticyclone over the northern Arabian Sea in the course of its inertial fluctuation along the equator. The convergent cold northerlies on the eastern side of the anticyclone cause the westerly in the inertial trough to increase rapidly, so that enhanced sensible heat is released from the sea surface into the atmosphere. The cyclonic vorticity forced by such sensible heating is superimposed on the inertial trough, leading to its further increase in vorticity strength. Since atmospheric inertial motion is destroyed, the flow deviates from the inertial track in an intensified cyclonic curvature, and then turns northward toward the warm pool in the northern BOB. It therefore converges with the easterly flow on the south side of the anticyclone over the northern BOB, forming a cyclonic circulation center east of Sri Lanka. Co-located with the cyclonic circulation is a generation of atmospheric potential energy, due to lower tropospheric heating by the warm ocean. Eventually the BOB monsoon onset vortex (MOV) is generated east of Sri Lanka. As the MOV migrates northward to the warm pool it develops quickly such that the zonal oriented subtropical high is split over the eastern BOB. Thus, the tropical southwesterly on the southern and eastern sides of the MOV merges into the subtropical westerly in the north, leading to active convection over the eastern BOB and western Indochina Peninsula and onset of the Asian summer monsoon. | WU GuoXiong GUAN Yue WANG TongMei LIU YiMin YAN JingHui MAO JiangYu | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，1： | 16 |
| 16 | Separation of Comprehensive Geometrical Errors of a 3-DOF Parallel Manipulator Based on Jacobian Matrix and Its Sensitivity Analysis with Monte-Carlo Method显示文摘Parallel kinematic machines (PKMs) have the advantages of a compact structure,high stiffness,a low moving inertia,and a high load/weight ratio.PKMs have been intensively studied since the 1980s,and are still attracting much attention.Compared with extensive researches focus on their type/dimensional synthesis,kinematic/dynamic analyses,the error modeling and separation issues in PKMs are not studied adequately,which is one of the most important obstacles in its commercial applications widely.Taking a 3-PRS parallel manipulator as an example,this paper presents a separation method of source errors for 3-DOF parallel manipulator into the compensable and non-compensable errors effectively.The kinematic analysis of 3-PRS parallel manipulator leads to its six-dimension Jacobian matrix,which can be mapped into the Jacobian matrix of actuations and constraints,and then the compensable and non-compensable errors can be separated accordingly.The compensable errors can be compensated by the kinematic calibration,while the non-compensable errors may be adjusted by the manufacturing and assembling process.Followed by the influence of the latter,i.e.,the non-compensable errors,on the pose error of the moving platform through the sensitivity analysis with the aid of the Monte-Carlo method,meanwhile,the configurations of the manipulator are sought as the pose errors of the moving platform approaching their maximum.The compensable and non-compensable errors in limited-DOF parallel manipulators can be separated effectively by means of the Jacobian matrix of actuations and constraints,providing designers with an informative guideline to taking proper measures for enhancing the pose accuracy via component tolerancing and/or kinematic calibration,which can lay the foundation for the error distinguishment and compensation. | SUN Tao SONG Yimin LI Yonggang2 XU Liang | 2011 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2011，24，3： | 16 |
| 17 | Prevalence of physical fitness in Chinese school-aged children: Findings from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China -The Youth Study显示文摘Purpose: This study was to present the 2016 prevalence estimates of Chinese school-aged children meeting physical fitness standards and to examine differences by sex and residence locales in children who did not meet fitness standards.Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 171,991 children and adolescents(boy: 50.0%, Grades 1–12) who participated in the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study. The main outcomes were fitness measures, assessed by the 2014 revised Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard(CNSPFS), covering areas of aerobic capacity, upper body strength, flexibility, body mass index,abdominal strength, and trunk strength. Children's overall physical fitness performance was categorized, per CNSPFS standards, as excellent,good, pass, or no pass. Data on the prevalence of physical fitness categories and not meeting fitness standards(i.e., among children who received a 'no pass' mark) were analyzed, through logistic regression, by sex(boy, girl) and residence locales(urban, rural) across 3 school grades(primary,junior middle, and junior high).Results: In 2016, 5.95% of Chinese children and adolescents achieved an 'excellent' mark, 25.80% received a 'good' rating, 59.90% received a 'pass', and 8.35% received a 'no pass'. Overall, boys were more likely to not pass the fitness standards compared with girls(adjusted odds ratio(a OR) = 1.710; 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.708–1.712) and children living in urban areas were more likely to not pass the standards than those living in rural areas(a OR = 1.298; 95%CI: 1.296–1.299). Consistent patterns of not meeting fitness standards were also found by sex and residence locales across all 3 school grades.Conclusion: In the Chinese school-aged population, about 3 in 10 children achieved an 'excellent' or 'good' fitness standard in 2016, and about8% of this population did not meet CNSPFS standards. Children living in urban areas were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels, and boys in school were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels than girls. | Zheng Zhu Yang Yang Zhenxing Kong Yimin Zhang Jie Zhuang | 2017 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2017，6，4： | 16 |
| 18 | Upregulation of CD81 in trophoblasts induces an imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells by promoting IL-6 expression in preeclampsia显示文摘The disturbance of maternal immune tolerance to a semiallogeneic fetus is recognized as one of the key pathologies of preeclampsia(PE),in which an imbalance between the inflammation-limiting regulatory T cells(Tregs)and the inflammationmediating Th17 cells plays an essential role.Previously,we reported that the abnormal upregulation of tetraspannin CD81 in trophoblast cells(fetal component)participated in the pathogenesis of PE.However,as one of the potential immune regulatory molecules,whether CD81 induces PE by interfering with the balance of the maternal immune system has not yet been clarified.Thus,we investigated the relationship between the upregulation of CD81 in trophoblast cells and the imbalance of Treg and Th17 cells in mothers.Here,we demonstrated that upregulation of CD81 in trophoblast cells was accompanied by a decrease in Treg cells and an increase in Th17 cells in both the basal plate(placental maternal side)and peripheral blood of patients with PE.In vitro culture of naïve T cells with medium from the CD81-overexpressing trophoblast cell line HTR-8 resulted in enhanced differentiation of T cells into Th17 cells and decreased the formation of Tregs,which was dependent on the paracrine signaling of IL-6 in trophocytes,induced by CD81.In a CD81-induced PE rat model,we found a significant shift of T cell differentiation towards Th17 cells,and administration of IL-6 antibody mitigated the PE phenotype and the imbalance of the Treg/Th17 cells.These results define a vital regulatory cascade involving trophocyte-derived CD81,IL-6,and maternal Treg/Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of PE and suggests new therapeutic approaches based on CD81 and IL-6 downregulation to prevent human PE. | Hailin Ding Yimin Dai Yi Lei Zhiyin Wang Dan Liu Ruotian Li Li Shen Ning Gu Mingming Zheng Xiangyu Zhu Guangfeng Zhao Yali Hu | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，3： | 15 |
| 19 | Understanding the Surface Temperature Cold Bias in CMIP5 AGCMs over the Tibetan Plateau显示文摘The temperature biases of 28 CMIP5 AGCMs are evaluated over the Tibetan Plateau(TP) for the period 1979–2005. The results demonstrate that the majority of CMIP5 models underestimate annual and seasonal mean surface 2-m air temperatures(T_(as)) over the TP. In addition, the ensemble of the 28 AGCMs and half of the individual models underestimate annual mean skin temperatures(T_s) over the TP. The cold biases are larger in T_(as) than in T_s, and are larger over the western TP. By decomposing the T_s bias using the surface energy budget equation, we investigate the contributions to the cold surface temperature bias on the TP from various factors, including the surface albedo-induced bias, surface cloud radiative forcing, clear-sky shortwave radiation, clear-sky downward longwave radiation, surface sensible heat flux, latent heat flux,and heat storage. The results show a suite of physically interlinked processes contributing to the cold surface temperature bias.Strong negative surface albedo-induced bias associated with excessive snow cover and the surface heat fluxes are highly anticorrelated, and the cancelling out of these two terms leads to a relatively weak contribution to the cold bias. Smaller surface turbulent fluxes lead to colder lower-tropospheric temperature and lower water vapor content, which in turn cause negative clear-sky downward longwave radiation and cold bias. The results suggest that improvements in the parameterization of the area of snow cover, as well as the boundary layer, and hence surface turbulent fluxes, may help to reduce the cold bias over the TP in the models. | Xiaolei CHEN Yimin LIU Guoxiong WU | 2017 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2017，34，12： | 15 |
| 20 | Reliability-based Robust Optimization Design of Automobile Components with Non-normal Distribution Parameters显示文摘In the reliability designing procedure of the vehicle components, when the distribution styles of the random variables are unknown or non-normal distribution, the result evaluated contains great error or even is wrong if the reliability value R is larger than 1 by using the existent method, in which case the formula is necessary to be revised. This is obviously inconvenient for programming. Combining reliability-based optimization theory, robust designing method and reliability based sensitivity analysis, a new method for reliability robust designing is proposed. Therefore the influence level of the designing parameters' changing to the reliability of vehicle components can be obtained. The reliability sensitivity with respect to design parameters is viewed as a sub-objective function in the multi-objective optimization problem satisfying reliability constraints. Given the first four moments of basic random variables, a fourth-moment technique and the proposed optimization procedure can obtain reliability-based robust design of automobile components with non-normal distribution parameters accurately and quickly. By using the proposed method, the distribution style of the random parameters is relaxed. Therefore it is much closer to the actual reliability problems. The numerical examples indicate the following: (1) The reliability value obtained by the robust method proposed increases (>0.04%) comparing to the value obtained by the ordinary optimization algorithm; (2) The absolute value of reliability-based sensitivity decreases (>0.01%), and the robustness of the products' quality is improved accordingly. Utilizing the reliability-based optimization and robust design method in the reliability designing procedure reduces the manufacture cost and provides the theoretical basis for the reliability and robust design of the vehicle components. | YANG Zhou ZHANG Yimin HUANG Xianzhen ZHANG Xufang TANG Le | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2013，26，4： | 14 |
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