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| 1 | The incidences and mortalities of major cancers in China, 2009显示文摘In 2012, the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR) of China collected cancer registration information for the year 2009 from local cancer registries and analyzed it to describe the incidences and mortalities of cancers in China. Based on the data quality criteria from NCCR, data from 104 registries covering 85,470,522 people (57,489,009 in urban areas and 27,981,513 in rural areas) were checked and evaluated. The data from 72 registries were qualified and accepted for the cancer registry annual report in 2012. The total cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 244,366 and 154,310, respectively. The morphologically verified cases accounted for 67.23%, and 3.14% of the incident cases only had information from death certifications. The crude incidence in the Chinese cancer registration areas was 285.91/ 100,000 (317.97/100,000 in males and 253.09/100,000 in females). The age-standardized rates for incidences based on the Chinese standard population (ASRIC) and the world standard population (ASRIW) were 146.87/100,000 and 191.72/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence of 22.08%. The cancer mortality in the Chinese cancer registration areas was 180.54/100,000 (224.20/100,000 in males and 135.85/100,000 in females). The age-standardized rates for mortalities based on the Chinese standard population (ASRMC) and the world standard population (ASRMW) were 85.06/100,000 and 115.65/100,000, respectively, and the cumulative mortality was 12.94% . Lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, encephaloma, lymphoma, female breast cancer, and cervical cancer were the most common cancers, accounting for 75% of all cancer cases. Lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, encephaloma, leukemia, and lymphoma accounted for 80% of all cancer deaths. The cancer registration's population coverage has been increasing, and its data quality is improving. As the basis of the cancer control program, the cancer registry plays an important role in directing anticancer strategies in the medium and long term. Because cancer burdens are different in urban and rural areas in China, prevention and control efforts should be based on practical situations. | Wanqing Chen Rongshou Zheng Siwei Zhang Ping Zhao Guanglin Li Lingyou Wu Jie He | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2013，32，3： | 111 |
| 2 | Report of incidence and mortality in China cancer registries, 2009显示文摘Objective: The National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR) collected cancer registration data in 2009 from local cancer registries in 2012, and analyzed to describe cancer incidence and mortality in China. Methods: On basis of the criteria of data quality from NCCR, data submitted from 104 registries were checked and evaluated. There were 72 registries' data qualified and accepted for cancer registry annual report in 2012. Descriptive analysis included incidence and mortality stratified by area (urban/rural), sex, age group and cancer site. The top 10 common cancers in different groups, proportion and cumulative rates were also calculated. Chinese population census in 1982 and Segi's population were used for age-standardized incidence/mortality rates. Results: All 72 cancer registries covered a total of 85,470,522 population (57,489,009 in urban and 27,981,513 in rural areas). The total new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 244,366 and 154,310, respectively. The morphology verified cases accounted for 67.23%, and 3.14% of incident cases only had information from death certifications. The crude incidence rate in Chinese cancer registration areas was 285.91/100,000 (males 317.97/100,000, females 253.09/100,000), age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were 146.87/100,000 and 191.72/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate (0-74 age years old) of 22.08%. The cancer incidence and ASIRC were 303.39/100,000 and 150.31/100,000 in urban areas whereas in rural areas, they were 249.98/100,000 and 139.68/100,000, respectively. The cancer mortality in Chinese cancer registration areas was 180.54/100,000 (224.20/100,000 in males and 135.85/100,000 in females), age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world standard population (ASMRW) were 85.06/100,000 and 115.65/100,000, and the cumulative incidence rate (0-74 age years old) was 12.94%. The cancer mortality and ASMRC were 181.86/100,000 and 80.86/100,000 in urban areas, whereas in rural areas, they were 177.83/100,000 and 94.40/100,000 respectively. Lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreas cancer, encephaloma, lymphoma, female breast cancer and cervical cancer, were the most common cancers, accounting for 75% of all cancer cases in urban and rural areas. Lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, encephaloma, leukemia and lymphoma accounted for 80% of all cancer deaths. The cancer spectrum showed difference between urban and rural areas, males and females. The main cancers in rural areas were cancers of the stomach, followed by esophageal cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer, whereas the main cancer in urban areas was lung cancer, followed by liver cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Conclusions: The coverage of cancer registration population has been increasing and data quality is improving. As the basis of cancer control program, cancer registry plays an important role in making anticancer strategy in medium and long term. As cancer burdens are different between urban and rural areas in China, prevention and control should be implemented based on practical situation. | Wanqing Chen Rongshou Zheng Siwei Zhang Ping Zhao Guanglin Li Lingyou Wu Jie He | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2013，25，1： | 202 |
| 3 | Annual report on status of cancer in China,2010显示文摘Objective:Population-based cancer registration data in 2010 were collected,evaluated and analyzed by the National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China.Cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths were estimated.Methods:There were 219 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and death data in 2010.All data were checked and evaluated on basis of the criteria of data quality from NCCR.Total 145 registries' data were qualified and accepted for cancer statistics in 2010.Pooled data were stratified by urban/rural,area,sex,age group and cancer site.Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and national population.The top ten common cancers in different groups,proportion and cumulative rate were also calculated.Chinese census in 2000 and Segi's population were used for age-standardized incidence/ mortality rates.Results:All 145 cancer registries(63 in urban and 82 in rural) covered a total of 158,403,248 population(92,433,739 in urban and 65,969,509 in rural areas).The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,093,039 and 1,956,622 in 2010,respectively.The morphology verified cases(MV%) accounted for 67.11% and 2.99% of incident cases were identified through death certifications only(DCO%) with mortality to incidence ratio(M/I) of 0.61.The crude incidence rate was 235.23/100,000(268.65/100,000 in males,200.21/100,000 in females),age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC,2000) and by world standard population(ASIRW) were 184.58/100,000 and 181.49/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate(0-74 years old) of 21.11%.The cancer incidence and ASIRC were 256.41/100,000 and 187.53/100,000 in urban areas whereas in rural areas,they were 213.71/100,000 and 181.10/100,000,respectively.The crude cancer mortality in China was 148.81/100,000(186.37/100,000 in males and 109.42/100,000 in females),age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population(ASMRC,2000) and by world standard population(ASMRW) were 113.92/100,000 and 112.86/100,000,and the cumulative incidence rate(0-74 years old) was 12.78%.The cancer mortality and ASMRC were 156.14/100,000 and 109.21/100,000 in urban areas,whereas in rural areas,they were 141.35/100,000 and 119.00/100,000 respectively.Lung cancer,gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,liver cancer,esophageal cancer,pancreas cancer,encephaloma,lymphoma,female breast cancer and cervical cancer,were the most common cancers,accounting for 75% of all cancer cases in urban and rural areas.Lung cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,esophageal cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,breast cancer,encephaloma,leukemia and lymphoma accounted for 80% of all cancer deaths.Conclusions:The coverage of cancer registration population had a rapid increase and could reflect cancer burden in each area and population.As the basis of cancer control program,cancer registry plays an irreplaceable role in cancer epidemic surveillance,evaluation of cancer control programs and making anticancer strategy.China is facing serious cancer burden and prevention and control should be enhanced. | Wanqing Chen Rongshou Zheng Siwei Zhang Ping Zhao Hongmei Zeng Xiaonong Zou Jie He | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2014，26，1： | 198 |
| 4 | Liver cancer incidence and mortality in China: Temporal trends and projections to 2030显示文摘Objective: Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers and major cause of cancer deaths in China,which accounts for over 50% of new cases and deaths worldwide.The systematic liver cancer statistics including of projection through 2030 could provide valuable information for prevention and control strategies in China,and experience for other countries.Methods: The burden of liver cancer in China in 2014 was estimated using 339 cancer registries' data selected from Chinese National Cancer Center(NCC).Incident cases of 22 cancer registries were applied for temporal trends from 2000 to 2014.The burden of liver cancer through 2030 was projected using age-period-cohort model.Results: About 364,800 new cases of liver cancer(268,900 males and 95,900 females) occurred in China,and about 318,800 liver cancer deaths(233,500 males and 85,300 females) in 2014.Western regions of China had the highest incidence and mortality rates.Incidence and mortality rates decreased by about 2.3% and 2.6% per year during the period of 2000-2014,respectively,and would decrease by more than 44% between 2014 and 2030 in China.The young generation,particularly for those aged under 40 years,showed a faster down trend.Conclusions: Based on the analysis,incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer are expected to decrease through 2030,but the burden of liver cancer is still serious in China,especially in rural and western areas.Most cases of liver cancer in China can be prevented through vaccination and more prevention efforts should be focused on high risk groups. | Rongshou Zheng Chunfeng Qu Siwei Zhang Hongmei Zeng Kexin Sun Xiuying Gu Changfa Xia Zhixun Yang He Li Wenqiang Wei Wanqing Chen Jie He | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2018，30，6： | 132 |
| 5 | Cancer statistics: updated cancer burden in China显示文摘Cancer is a major public health issue in most of countries,including China.Accurate and valid information on cancer incidence,mortality,survival and relevant factors is irreplaceable for cancer prevention and control.Since the national program of cancer registry was launched by the Ministry of Health of China in 2008,the National Central Cancer | Wanqing Chen | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2015，27，1： | 136 |
| 6 | Annual report on status of cancer in China, 2011显示文摘Objective: The National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) collected population-based cancer registration data in 2011 from all cancer registries. National cancer incidence and mortality were compiled and cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths were estimated.Methods: In 2014, there were 234 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and deaths occurred in 2011. All datasets were checked and evaluated based on the criteria of data quality from NCCR. Total 177 registries' data were qualified and compiled for cancer statistics in 2011. The pooled data were stratified by area(urban/rural), gender, age group(0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14…85+) and cancer type. Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and national population in 2011. All incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi's population expressed per 100,000 persons.Results: All 177 cancer registries(77 in urban and 100 in rural areas) covered 175,310,169 populations(98,341,507 in urban and 76,968,662 in rural areas). The morphology verified cases(MV%) accounting for 70.14% and 2.44% of incident cases were identified through death certifications only(DCO%) with mortality to incidence ratio of 0.63. The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,372,175 and 2,113,048 in 2011, respectively. The incidence rate was 250.28/100,000(males 277.77/100,000, females 221.37/100,000), and the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC) and by world standard population(ASIRW) were 186.34/100,000 and 182.76/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate(0-74 years old) of 21.20%. The cancer incidence and ASIRC in urban areas were 261.38/100,000 and 189.89/100,000 compared to 238.60/100,000 and 182.10/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The cancer mortality was 156.83/100,000(194.88/100,000 in males and 116.81/100,000 in females), the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASMRC) and by world standard population(ASMRW) were 112.88/100,000 and 111.82/100,000, and the cumulative mortality rate(0-74 years old) was 12.69%. The cancer mortality and ASMRC were 154.37/100,000 and 108.20/100,000 in urban areas, and 159.42/100,000 and 117.97/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. Cancers of lung, female breast, stomach, liver, colon and rectum, esophageal, cervix, uterus, prostate and ovary were the most common cancers, accounting for about 75% of all cancer new cases. Lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, female breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, brain tumor, cervical cancer and leukemia were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for about 80% of all cancer deaths. The cancer incidence, mortality and spectrum showed difference between urban and rural areas, males and females.Conclusions: The coverage of cancer registration population had a greater increase than that in the last year. The data quality and representativeness are gradually improved. As the basic work of cancer prevention and control, cancer registry is playing an irreplaceable role. The disease burden of cancer is increasing, and the health department has to take effective measures to contain the increased cancer burden in China. | Wanqing Chen Rongshou Zheng Hongmei Zeng Siwei Zhang Jie He | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2015，27，1： | 431 |
| 7 | The updated incidences and mortalities of major cancers in China, 2011显示文摘Introduction: The National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China collected population-based cancer registration data from all cancer registries in China. This study aimed to compile national cancer incidences and mortalities in 2011 and estimate cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths.Methods: In 2014, there were 234 cancer registries that submitted records of new cancer cases and cancer deaths that occurred in 2011 to the NCCR. All datasets were evaluated based on the criteria of data quality of the NCCR. The data of 177 registries was of suicient quality and was compiled to evaluate cancer statistics in 2011. The pooled data were stratiied by area, sex, age group, and cancer type. Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-standardized rates(ASR) and the Chinese population. All incidences and mortalities were age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi's population.Results: The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,372,175 and 2,113,048 in 2011, respectively. The crude incidence was 250.28/1,00,000(277.77/1,00,000 for males and 221.37/1,00,000 for females). The ASRs of incidence by the Chinese standard population(ASRIC) and by the world standard population(ASRIW) were 186.34/1,00,000 and 182.76/1,00,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence(0–74 years old) of 21.20%. Cancers of the lung, female breast, stomach, liver, colorectum, esophagus, cervix, uterus, prostate, and ovary were the most common cancers, accounting for approximately 75% of all new cancer cases. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, female breast, pancreatic, brain, and cervical cancers and leukemia were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for approximately 80% of all cancer deaths. Cancer incidence, mortality, and spectrum were all diferent between urban and rural areas and between males and females.Conclusions: The population covered by the cancer registries greatly increased from 2010 to 2011. The data quality and representativeness of cancer registries have gradually improved. Cancer registries have an irreplaceable role in research on cancer prevention and control. The disease burden of cancer is increasing, and the health department must implement efective measures to contain the increased cancer burden in China. | Wanqing Chen Rongshou Zheng Hongmei Zeng Siwei Zhang | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2015，34，11： | 113 |
| 8 | National cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2012显示文摘Background: Population-based cancer registration data in 2012 from all available cancer registries were collected by the National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR). NCCR estimated the numbers of new cancer cases and cancer deaths in China with compiled cancer incidence and mortality rates.Methods: In 2015, there were 261 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and deaths occurred in 2012. All the data were checked and evaluated based on the NCCR criteria of data quality. Qualified data from 193 registries were used for cancer statistics analysis as national estimation. The pooled data were stratified by area(urban/rural), gender, age group [0, 1–4, 5–9, 10–14, …, 85+] and cancer type. New cancer cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and corresponding national population in 2012. The Chinese census data in 2000 and Segi's population were applied for age-standardized rates. All the rates were expressed per 100,000 person-year.Results: Qualified 193 cancer registries(74 urban and 119 rural registries) covered 198,060,406 populations(100,450,109 in urban and 97,610,297 in rural areas). The percentage of cases morphologically verified(MV%) and death certificate-only cases(DCO%) were 69.13% and 2.38%, respectively, and the mortality to incidence rate ratio(M/I) was 0.62. A total of 3,586,200 new cancer cases and 2,186,600 cancer deaths were estimated in China in 2012. The incidence rate was 264.85/100,000(289.30/100,000 in males, 239.15/100,000 in females), the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC) and by world standard population(ASIRW) were 191.89/100,000 and 187.83/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate(0–74 age years old) of 21.82%. The cancer incidence, ASIRC and ASIRW in urban areas were 277.17/100,000, 195.56/100,000 and 190.88/100,000 compared to 251.20/100,000, 187.10/100,000 and 183.91/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The cancer mortality was 161.49/100,000(198.99/100,000 in males, 122.06/100,000 in females), the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASMRC) and by world standard population(ASMRW) were 112.34/100,000 and 111.25/100,000, and the cumulative mortality rate(0–74 years old) was 12.61%. The cancer mortality, ASMRC and ASMRW were 159.00/100,000, 107.231/100,000 and 106.13/100,000 in urban areas, 164.24/100,000, 118.22/100,000 and 117.06/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. Cancers of lung, stomach, liver, colorectum, esophagus, female breast, thyroid cervix, brain tumor and pancreas were the most common cancers, accounting for about 77.4% of all cancer new cases. Lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, female breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia and lymphoma were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for about 84.5% of all cancer deaths. The cancer spectrum showed difference between urban and rural, males and females both in incidence and mortality rates.Conclusions: Cancer surveillance information in China is making great progress with the increasing number of cancer registries, population coverage and the improving data quality. Cancer registration plays a fundamental role in cancer control by providing basic information on population-based cancer incidence, mortality, survival and time trend. The disease burden of cancer is serious in China, so that, cancer prevention and control, including health education, health promotion, cancer screening and cancer care services in China, should be enhanced. | Wanqing Chen Rongshou Zheng Tingting Zuo Hongmei Zeng Siwei Zhang Jie He | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2016，28，1： | 238 |
| 9 | The incidence and mortality of major cancers in China,2012显示文摘Background:The National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) collected population-based cancer registration data in 2012 from local registries and estimated the cancer incidence and mortality in China.Methods:In the middle of 2015,261 cancer registries submitted reports on new cancer cases and deaths occurred in 2012.Qualified data from 193 registries were used for analysis after evaluation.Crude rates,number of cases,and age-standardized rates stratified by area(urban/rural),sex,age group,and cancer type were calculated according to the national population in 2012.Results:The covered population were 198,060,406 from 193 qualified cancer registries(74 urban and 119 rural registries).The major indicators of quality control,percentage of cases morphologically verified(MV%),death certificateonly cases(DCO%),and the mortality to incidence(M/l) ratio,were 69.13%,2.38%,and 0,62,respectively.It was estimated that there were 3,586,200 new cancer cases and 2,186,600 cancer deaths in 2012 in China with an incidence of 264.85/100,000[age-standardized rate of incidence by the Chinese standard population(ASRIC) of 191.89/100,000]and a mortality of 161.49/100,000[age-standardized rate of mortality by the Chinese standard population(ASRMC)of 112.34/100,000].The ten most common cancer sites were the lung,stomach,liver,colorectum,esophagus,female breast,thyroid,cervix,brain,and pancreas,accounting for approximately 77.4% of all new cancer cases.The ten leading causes of cancer death were lung cancer,liver cancer,gastric cancer,esophageal cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,female breast cancer,brain tumor,leukemia,and lymphoma,accounting for 84.5% of all cancer deaths.Conclusions:Continuous cancer registry data provides basic information in cancer control programs.The cancer burden in China is gradually increasing,both in urban and rural areas,in males and females.Efficient cancer prevention and control,such as health education,tobacco control,and cancer screening,should be paid attention by the health sector and the whole society of China. | Wanqing Chen Rongshou Zheng Hongmei Zeng Siwei Zhang | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2016，35，8： | 99 |
| 10 | Cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2013:an analysis based on urbanization level显示文摘Objective: To explore the cancer patterns in areas with different urbanization rates(URR) in China with data from 255 population-based cancer registries in 2013, collected by the National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR).Methods: There were 347 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and deaths occurred in 2013 to NCCR.All those data were checked and evaluated based on the NCCR criteria of data quality, and qualified data from 255 registries were used for this analysis. According to the proportion of non-agricultural population, we divided cities/counties into 3 levels: high level, with URR equal to 70% and higher; median level, with URR between 30%and 70%; and low level, with URR equal to 30% and less. Cancer incidences and mortalities were calculated,stratified by gender and age groups in different areas. The national population of Fifth Census in 2000 and Segi's population were applied for age-standardized rates.Results: Qualified 255 cancer registries covered 226,494,490 populations. The percentage of cases morphologically verified(MV%) and death certificate-only cases(DCO%) were 68.04% and 1.74%, respectively,and the mortality to incidence rate ratio(M/I) was 0.62. A total of 644,487 new cancer cases and 399,275 cancer deaths from the 255 cancer registries were submitted to NCCR in 2013. The incidence rate was 284.55/100,000(314.06/100,000 in males, 254.19/100,000 in females), and the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC) and by world standard population(ASIRW) were 190.10/100,000 and 186.24/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate(0–74 age years old) of 21.60%. The cancer mortality was 176.28/100,000(219.03/100,000 in males, 132.30/100,000 in females), and the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASMRC) and by world standard population(ASMRW) were 110.91/100,000 and 109.92/100,000, and the cumulative mortality rate(0–74 age years old) was 12.43%. Low urbanization areas were high in crude cancer incidence and mortality rates, middle urbanization areas came next to it followed by high urbanization areas. After adjusted by age, there was a U-shaped association between age-standardized incidence(ASIRC and ASIRW) and the urbanized ratio with the middle urbanization areas having the lowest ASIRC and ASIRW. Unlike with the agestandardized incidence, the sort order of age-standardized mortality(ASMRC and ASMRW) among three urbanization areas was reversed completely from the crude mortality. Lung cancer was the most common cancer in all areas of 255 cancer registries, followed by stomach cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer with new cases of 130,700, 76,200, 63,800, 60,900 and 50,200 respectively. Lung cancer was also the leading cause of cancer death in all areas of 255 cancer registries for both males and females with the number of deaths of 72,200 and 34,100, respectively. Other cancer types with high mortality in males were liver cancer, stomach cancer,esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer. In females, stomach cancer was the second cause of cancer death, followed by liver cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer.Conclusions: Along with the development of socioeconomics associated with urbanization, as well as the agingpopulation, the incidence and mortality keep increasing in China. Cancer burden and patterns are different in each urbanization level. Cancer control strategies should be implemented referring to local urbanization status. | Wanqing Chen Rongshou Zheng Siwei Zhang Hongmei Zeng Tingting Zuo Changfa Xia Zhixun Yang Jie He | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2017，29，1： | 305 |
| 11 | Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2014显示文摘Background: National Central Cancer Registry of China(NCCRC) updated nationwide cancer statistics using population-based cancer registry data in 2014 collected from all available cancer registries.Methods: In 2017, 449 cancer registries submitted cancer registry data in 2014, among which 339 registries' data met the criteria of quality control and were included in analysis. These cancer registries covered 288,243,347 population, accounting for about 21.07% of the national population in 2014. Numbers of nationwide new cancer cases and deaths were estimated using calculated incidence and mortality rates and corresponding national population stratified by area, sex, age group and cancer type. The world Segi's population was applied for agestandardized rates.Results: A total of 3,804,000 new cancer cases were diagnosed, the crude incidence rate was 278.07/100,000(301.67/100,000 in males, 253.29/100,000 in females) and the age-standardized incidence rate by world standard population(ASIRW) was 186.53/100,000. Calculated age-standardized incidence rate was higher in urban areas than in rural areas(191.6/100,000 vs. 179.2/100,000). South China had the highest cancer incidence rate while Southwest China had the lowest incidence rate. Cancer incidence rate was higher in female for population between20 to 54 years but was higher in male for population younger than 20 years or over 54 years. A total of 2,296,000 cancer deaths were reported, the crude mortality rate was 167.89/100,000(207.24/100,000 in males,126.54/100,000 in females) and the age-standardized mortality rate by world standard population(ASMRW) was106.09/100,000. Calculated age-standardized mortality rate was higher in rural areas than in urban areas(110.3/100,000 vs. 102.5/100,000). East China had the highest cancer mortality rate while North China had the lowest mortality rate. The mortality rate in male was higher than that in female. Common cancer types and major causes of cancer death differed between age group and sex.Conclusions: Heavy cancer burden and its disparities between area, sex and age group pose a major challenge to public health in China. Nationwide cancer registry plays a crucial role in cancer prevention and control. | Wanqing Chen Kexin Sun Rongshou Zheng Hongmei Zeng Siwei Zhang Changfa Xia Zhixun Yang He Li Xiaonong Zou Jie He | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2018，30，1： | 832 |
| 12 | Incidence and mortality of stomach cancer in China,2014显示文摘Objective: In this study,we aimed to estimate the updated incidence and mortality rate of stomach cancer based on the cancer registration data in 2014,collected by the National Central Cancer Registry of China(NCCRC).Methods: In 2017,339 registries' data were qualified based on the criteria of data quality control of the NCCRC.Cases of stomach cancer were retrieved from the national database.We estimated numbers of stomach cancer cases and deaths in China using age-specific rates and corresponding national population stratified by area,sex,agegroup(0,1–4,5–9,10–14,…,85+).Chinese standard population in 2000 and Segi's world population were applied for age-standardized incidence and mortality rates.Results: In 2014,410,400 new stomach cancer cases and 293,800 cancer-associated deaths were estimated to have occurred in China.The crude incidence rate of stomach cancer was 30.00/100,000,age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC) and by world standard population(ASIRW) were 19.62/100,000 and19.51/100,000,respectively.The crude mortality rate of stomach cancer was 21.48/100,000,age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese(ASMRC) and by world standard population(ASMRW) were 13.44/100,000 and13.30/100,000,respectively.Incidence and mortality rates in rural areas were both higher than that in urban areas.Stomach cancer has a strong relationship with gender and age.The disease has occurred more frequently among men than women with a male to female ratio of 2.4 for ASIRC.After age group of 40-44 years,incidence rates are substantially higher in men than in women,same pattern was seen for age-specific mortality rates.Conclusions: There is still a heavy burden of stomach cancer in China.The incidence and mortality patterns of stomach cancer show substantial gender and regional disparities.Great effort is needed to provide more accessible health services,sufficient financial resources,and adequate cancer-care infrastructure for the Chinese population,especially for people living in rural areas. | Lei Yang Rongshou Zheng Ning Wang Yannan Yuan Shuo Liu Huichao Li Siwei Zhang Hongmei Zeng Wanqing Chen | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2018，30，3： | 114 |
| 13 | Estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in China,2013显示文摘Introduction: Population-based cancer registration data are collected by the National Central Cancer Registry in China every year. Cancer incident cases and cancer deaths in 2013 were analyzed.Methods: Through the procedure of quality control, reported data from 255 registries were accepted to establish the national database for cancer estimates. Incidences and mortalities were calculated with stratification by area(urban/rural), sex(male/female), age group(0,1-4,5-9,10-14... 80-84, and 85-year-old and above), and cancer site.The structure of Segi's population was used for the calculation of age-standardized rates(ASR).Top 10 most common cancers and leading causes of cancer deaths were listed.Results: In 2013,3,682,200 new cancer cases and 2,229,300 cancer deaths were estimated in China based on the pooled data from 255 cancer registries, covering 16.65% of the national population. The incidence was270.59/100,000, with an ASR of 186.15/100,000; the mortality was 166.83/100,000, with an ASR of 108.94/100,000.The top 10 most common cancer sites were the lung, stomach, liver, colorectum, female breast, esophagus, thyroid, cervix, brain, and pancreas. The ten leading causes of cancer deaths were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, female breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia, and lymphoma.Conclusions: Cancer leaves serious disease burden in China with high incidence and mortality. Lung cancer was the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in China. Efficient control strategy is needed, especially for major cancers. | Rongshou Zheng Hongmei Zeng Siwei Zhang Wanqing Chen | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2017，36，8： | 84 |
| 14 | Cancer burden of major cancers in China:A need for sustainable actions显示文摘Cancer is still a major health problem in China although numerous efforts have been made for its prevention and control.Findings from this study showed that lung cancer remains the most common type of cancer diagnosed,and was attributed to nearly 30%of all cancer-related deaths.The incidence of the five most common cancers,in China,in 2015,including cancers of the lungs,stomach,colorectum,liver and breast,accounted for almost 60%of all cancers diagnosed.The high cancer burden in China highlights the need for further improvement in health education,professional training and the building up an anti-cancer network for introducing and implementing sustainable actions for cancer control. | Maomao Cao He Li Dianqin Sun Wanqing Chen | 2020 | Cancer Communications2020，40，5： | 140 |
| 15 | Cancer statistics in China and United States,2022:profiles,trends,and determinants显示文摘Background:The cancer burden in the United States of America(USA)has decreased gradually.However,China is experiencing a transition in its cancer profiles,with greater incidence of cancers that were previously more common in the USA.This study compared the latest cancer profiles,trends,and determinants between China and USA.Methods:This was a comparative study using open-source data.Cancer cases and deaths in 2022 were calculated using cancer estimates from GLOBOCAN 2020 and population estimates from the United Nations.Trends in cancer incidence and mortality rates in the USA used data from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results program and National Center for Health Statistics.Chinese data were obtained from cancer registry reports.Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 and a decomposition method were used to express cancer deaths as the product of four determinant factors.Results:In 2022,there will be approximately 4,820,000 and 2,370,000 new cancer cases,and 3,210,000 and 640,000 cancer deaths in China and the USA,respectively.The most common cancers are lung cancer in China and breast cancer in the USA,and lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both.Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for lung cancer and colorectal cancer in the USA have decreased significantly recently,but rates of liver cancer have increased slightly.Rates of stomach,liver,and esophageal cancer decreased gradually in China,but rates have increased for colorectal cancer in the whole population,prostate cancer in men,and other seven cancer types in women.Increases in adult population size and population aging were major determinants for incremental cancer deaths,and case-fatality rates contributed to reduced cancer deaths in both countries.Conclusions:The decreasing cancer burden in liver,stomach,and esophagus,and increasing burden in lung,colorectum,breast,and prostate,mean that cancer profiles in China and the USA are converging.Population aging is a growing determinant of incremental cancer burden.Progress in cancer prevention and care in the USA,and measures to actively respond to population aging,may help China to reduce the cancer burden. | Changfa Xia Xuesi Dong He Li Maomao Cao Dianqin Sun Siyi He Fan Yang Xinxin Yan Shaoli Zhang Ni Li Wanqing Chen | 2022 | Chinese Medical Journal2022，，5： | 827 |
| 16 | Expenditure of hospital care on cancer in China, from 2011 to 2015显示文摘Objective: A solid understanding of levels and trends of spending on cancer is important to evaluate whether our healthcare resources were wisely spent and to prioritize future resources for cancer treatment and prevention.However, studies on economic burden of cancers in China are scant and the results are inconsistent.Methods: The Chinese hospital information database and nearly 350 million inpatient medical record data were used. As the ratios of cancer inpatient payments to total inpatient payments were mainly influenced by the grades and sites of hospitals, the estimates of payments of cancer inpatients in this study were stratified by hospital grades and provinces. Only the payments of cancer inpatients happened in grade 2, grade 3 and specialized cancer hospitals were included in the analyses. The total medical payments of cancers in China were estimated based on the ratios of outpatient payments to inpatient payments in specialized cancer hospitals.Results: From 2011 to 2015, the payments of cancer inpatients in China have increased by 84.1% and the total inpatient payments reached 177.1 billion RMB in 2015, accounting for 4.3% of the total health expenditure in China. Based on the ratio of outpatient payments to inpatient payments, the total payments on cancer treatments in China were estimated to be 221.4 billion RMB in 2015. Among different cancer types, the highest payments were the treatment of trachea, bronchus and lung cancer. The major cancer inpatient payments(67.1% in 2015) spent in grade 3 general hospitals and this ratio increased continually from 2011 to 2015. The expenditure of cancer treatments also varies by region with the major expenditure in the eastern region of China.Conclusions: This study estimated the total payments of cancer treatments in China and analyzed how the money was spent on cancer treatments in the recent 5 years, which would provide information for decision makings on the allocation of resources to service provisioning, prevention strategies, research funding, and assessing whether the economic burden of cancer is affordable to the governments. | Yue Cai Ming Xue Wanqing Chen Maogui Hu Zhiwen Miao Lan Lan Rongshou Zheng Qun Meng | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2017，29，3： | 81 |
| 17 | Incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in China, 2011显示文摘Objective: Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. This article provides the most up-to-date overview of colorectal cancer burden in China.Methods: Totally 234 cancer registries submitted data of 2011 to the National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR). Qualified data from 177 registries was pooled and analyzed. The crude incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer were calculated by age, gender and geographic area. The numbers of new cases and deaths were estimated using the 5-year age-specific cancer incidence/mortality rates and the corresponding populations. China census in 2000 and Segi's world population were applied for age standardized rates.Results: The estimate of new cases diagnosed with colorectal cancer of China in 2011 was 310,244(178,404 for males and 131,840 for females, 195,117 in urban areas and 115,128 in rural areas), accounting for 9.20% of overall new cancer cases. The crude incidence of colorectal cancer ranked fourth in all cancer sites with rate of 23.03/100,000(25.83/100,000 for males and 20.08/100,000 for female, 28.25/100,000 in urban areas and 17.54/100,000 in rural areas). The age-standardized rates by China population and by World population were 16.79/100,000 and 16.52/100,000, respectively. The estimated number of colorectal cancer deaths of China in 2011 was 149,722(86,427 for males and 63,295 for females, 91,682 in urban areas and 58,040 in rural areas), accounting for 7.09% of overall cancer deaths. The crude mortality rate for colorectal cancer ranked fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in all cancer sites with rate of 11.11/100,000(12.51/100,000 for males and 9.64/100,000 for female, 13.27/100,000 in urban areas and 8.84/100,000 in rural areas). The age-standardized rates by China population and by World population for mortality were 7.77/100,000 and 7.66/100,000, respectively. For both of incidence and mortality, the rates of colorectal cancer were much higher in males than in females, and in rural areas than in urban areas. The rate of colorectal cancer increased greatly with age, especially after 40 or 45 years old.Conclusions: Colorectal cancer is a relative common cancer in China, especially for males in urban areas. Targeted prevention and early detection programs should be carried out. | Shuzheng Liu Rongshou Zheng Meng Zhang Siwei Zhang Xibin Sun Wanqing Chen | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2015，27，1： | 78 |
| 18 | Trends of incidence rate and age at diagnosis for cervical cancer in China,from 2000 to 2014显示文摘Objective: To analyze the trends of incidence rate and age at diagnosis for cervical cancer incidence in China using population-based cancer registration data from 2000 to 2014.Methods: Data were from National Central Cancer Registry of China.Crude incidence rates(CIRs),age-specific incidence rate,age-standardized incidence rates(ASIRs),age percentage distribution,standardized age percentage distribution,mean age at diagnosis and standardized mean age at diagnosis for cervical cancer in all areas of China,urban China and rural China were calculated separately.The world Segi's population was applied to remove the age structure influence.Joinpoint regression was performed to obtain average annual percent change(AAPC) and ageperiod-cohort analysis was used to examine the incidence trends.Results: CIRs and ASIRs for cervical cancer increased in China from 2000 to 2014.The AAPC of ASIRs in China was at 9.2% [95% confidence interval(95% CI): 7.0%–11.5%,P<0.05],and the AAPC in rural areas was relatively high.The age-specific incidence rate in groups aged 0–69 years have significantly increased over time.Groups aged 40–69 years showed the highest incidence risk,and the annual percent changes(APCs) of incidence rate in groups aged 40–59 years in urban China and groups aged 0–49 years in rural China were more than 10%.For each age group,the urban-to-rural incidence rate ratios(IRRs) got close to 1 over time.There were clear birth cohort effects in successive generations born from 1940 to 1970 in China.In rural China,the standardized mean age at diagnosis had significantly declined by 5.18 years.In China,the main peak and secondary peak of standardized age percentages appeared in the groups aged 45–49 and 40–44 years,respectively.In rural China,the main peak of standardized age percentage moved from the group aged 55–59 years to the group aged 45–49 years,and the standardized age percentages of groups aged 25–34 years also increased.In China,the standardized age percentages has significantly increased in groups aged 35–64 and 30–64 years over time,and accounted for about80% and 85% in 2014,respectively.Conclusions: The cervical cancer incidence increased in China and the gap of incidence between urban and rural China was narrowed.The trends of increasing cervical cancer incidence among younger women existed in China,especially in rural China.A more appropriate screening,vaccination and health education strategies should be established. | Xueting Li Rongshou Zheng Xuemei Li Haibin Shah Qi Wu Yan Wang Wanqing Chen | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2017，29，6： | 64 |
| 19 | Cancer burden and trends in China:A review and comparison with Japan and South Korea显示文摘Objective:To summarize the cancer burden and trends in China,compare the differences among China,Japan,and South Korea and discuss possible causes of the disparities.Methods:Incidence and mortality data were extracted from the online cancer database including the GLOBOCAN 2018 and the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.Trend analysis was conducted using the joinpoint analysis,and annual percent changes were calculated.Results:Cancers resulted in approximately 62.9 million disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)in China in 2017.Lung cancer had the greatest contribution,followed by liver cancer,stomach cancer,and esophageal cancer.The trajectory of progress in the reduction of liver and stomach cancers was observed in China.However,China still faced a heavy burden of lung cancer and a growing burden of cancers related to westernized lifestyle such as colorectal cancer,while Japan and South Korea have achieved reductions in colorectal cancer and lung cancer,respectively.Besides,China had a lower age-standardized cancer incidence rate but higher cancer mortality and DALY rates than Japan and South Korea.Conclusions:China is in the cancer transition stage with a rising burden of colorectal,prostate,and breast cancers along with a heavy burden of lung and upper digestive tract cancers.Taking into consideration the effectiveness of screening and tobacco control in Japan and South Korea,improvement in the current tobacco control policy and cancer screening systems may contribute to cancer control in China. | Dianqin Sun Maomao Cao He Li Siyi He Wanqing Chen | 2020 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2020，32，2： | 71 |
| 20 | Cancer burden in China:trends,risk factors and prevention显示文摘As the most populous country in the world,China has made strides in health promotion in the past few decades.With the aging population,the burden of cancer in China continues to grow.Changes in risk factors for cancer,especially diet,obesity,diabetes,and air pollution,continue to fuel the shift of cancer transition in China.The burden of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China is decreasing,but still heavy.The rising burden of colorectal,prostate,and breast cancers is also significant.Lung cancer became the top cause of cancer-related deaths,together with smoking as the most important contributor to cancer deaths.The Chinese government has taken several approaches to control cancer and cancer-related risk factors.Many achievements have been made,but some challenges remain.Health China 2030 is ambitious and depicts a bright vision of the future for cancer control in China.The decrease in the cancer burden in China will require cross-sector collaboration and coordinated efforts on primary and secondary preventions by governments,public health organizations,and individuals.In this review,we describe the trends of cancer burden and discuss cancer-related risk factors in China,identifying strategies to reduce the burden of cancer in China. | Dianqin Sun He Li Maomao Cao Siyi He Lin Lei Ji Peng Wanqing Chen | 2020 | Cancer Biology & Medicine2020，17，4： | 62 |
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