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| 1 | Roasting and leaching behaviors of vanadium and chromium in calcification roasting–acid leaching of high-chromium vanadium slag显示文摘Calcification roasting–acid leaching of high-chromium vanadium slag(HCVS)was conducted to elucidate the roasting and leaching behaviors of vanadium and chromium.The effects of the purity of Ca O,molar ratio between Ca O and V_2O_5(n(Ca O)/n(V_2O_5)),roasting temperature,holding time,and the heating rate used in the oxidation–calcification processes were investigated.The roasting process and mechanism were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry(TG–DSC).The results show that most of vanadium reacted with Ca O to generate calcium vanadates and transferred into the leaching liquid,whereas almost all of the chromium remained in the leaching residue in the form of(Fe_(0.6)Cr_(0.4))_2O_3.Variation trends of the vanadium and chromium leaching ratios were always opposite because of the competitive reactions of oxidation and calcification between vanadium and chromium with Ca O.Moreover,Ca O was more likely to combine with vanadium,as further confirmed by thermodynamic analysis.When the HCVS with Ca O added in an n(Ca O)/n(V_2O_5)ratio of 0.5 was roasted in an air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10°C/min from room temperature to 950°C and maintained at this temperature for 60 min,the leaching ratios of vanadium and chromium reached91.14%and 0.49%,respectively;thus,efficient extraction of vanadium from HCVS was achieved and the leaching residue could be used as a new raw material for the extraction of chromium.Furthermore,the oxidation and calcification reactions of the spinel phases occurred at 592and 630°C for n(Ca O)/n(V_2O_5)ratios of 0.5 and 5,respectively. | Jing Wen Tao Jiang Mi Zhou Hui-yang Gao Jia-yi Liu Xiang-xin Xue | 2018 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials2018，25，5： | 14 |
| 2 | Insulin resistance is associated with subclinical vascular disease in humans显示文摘Insulin resistance is associated with subclinical vascular disease that is not justified by conventional cardiovascular risk factors,such as smoking or hypercholesterolemia.Vascular injury associated to insulin resistance involves functional and structural damage to the arterial wall that includes impaired vasodilation in response to chemical mediators,reduced distensibility of the arterial wall(arterial stiffness),vascular calcification,and increased thickness of the arterial wall.Vascular dysfunction associated to insulin resistance is present in asymptomatic subjects and predisposes to cardiovascular diseases,such as heart failure,ischemic heart disease,stroke,and peripheral vascular disease.Structural and functional vascular disease associated to insulin resistance is highly predictive of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.Its pathogenic mechanisms remain undefined.Prospective studies have demonstrated that animal protein consumption increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and predisposes to type 2 diabetes(T2D)whereas vegetable protein intake has the opposite effect.Vascular disease linked to insulin resistance begins to occur early in life.Children and adolescents with insulin resistance show an injured arterial system compared with youth free of insulin resistance,suggesting that insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the development of initial vascular damage.Prevention of the vascular dysfunction related to insulin resistance should begin early in life.Before the clinical onset of T2D,asymptomatic subjects endure a long period of time characterized by insulin resistance.Latent vascular dysfunction begins to develop during this phase,so that patients with T2D are at increased cardiovascular risk long before the diagnosis of the disease. | María M Adeva-Andany Eva Ameneiros-Rodríguez Carlos Fernández-Fernández Alberto Domínguez-Montero Raquel Funcasta-Calderón | 2019 | World Journal of Diabetes2019，10，2： | 14 |
| 3 | Elevated IL-37 levels in the plasma of patients with severe coronary arterycalcification显示文摘Background Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a predictor of cardiovascular events and plaque burden and is closely associatedwith chronic inflammation. Intedeukin (IL)-37 is a newly discovered member of the IL-1 family and is considered an anti-inflammatorycytokine. Our recent study on mice indicated that IL-37 could attenuate atherosclerosis and vascular calcification, which suggests that IL-37could be associated with the development of atherosclerosis and related diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate if IL-37 plays arole in the progression of CAC in patients. Methods Two hundred participants with suspected cardiovascular disease were recruited. Thelevels of plasma IL-37, osteoprotegerin (OPG), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) together with other biochemical parameters weremeasured, and a coronary calcium assessment was carried out by multi-detector row CT. A score of 〈 10 AU (Agatston units) denotes anabsence of CAC, a score of 11-100 AU denotes mild CAC, 101-400 denotes moderate CAC, and 〉 400 AU denotes severe CAC. ResultsOur initial data showed that there were no apparent differences in plasma IL-37 levels among patients with or without mild or moderate CAC.However, IL-37 levels were significantly increased in patients with severe CAC (P 〈 0.001). Similar results were observed for plasma OPGand hsCRP levels. When IL-37 levels in patients with severe calcification were compared with that in all of the other non-severe CAC groups,it became apparent that there was a significant positive correlation between IL-37 level and severe CAC (r = 0.360, P 〈 0.001; OR = 1.033)using Spearrnan's correlation and binary logistic regression analysis. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the anti-inflammatory cy-tokine IL-37 is associated with high coronary calcium levels, suggesting that IL-37 expression may be caused by the activation ofinf/amma-tion and that IL-37 might become a predictor of severe CAC in the future, which requires further investigation. | Meng CHAI Hai-Tao ZHANG Yu-Jie ZHOU Qing-Wei JI Qing YANG Yu-Yang LIU Ying-Xin ZHAO Dong-Mei SHI Wei LIU Li-Xia YANG Lin-Lin ZHANC Jing LIANG | 2017 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2017，14，5： | 11 |
| 4 | Biliary microbiota and mucin 4 impact the calcification of cholesterol gallstones显示文摘Background:Cholesterol gallstones account for over 80%of gallstones,and the pathogenesis of gallstone formation involves genetic and environmental factors.However,data on the evolution of cholesterol gallstones with various densities are limited.This study aimed to determine the roles of microbiota and mucins on the formation of calcified cholesterol gallstones in patients with cholelithiasis.Methods:Paired gallbladder tissues and bile specimens were obtained from cholelithiasis patients who were categorized into the isodense group and calcified group according to the density of gallstones.The relative abundance of microbiota in gallbladder tissues was detected.Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to detect the expression levels of MUC1,MUC2,MUC3a,MUC3b,MUC4,MUC5ac and MUC5b in gallbladder tissues and bile.The correlation of microbiota abundance with MUC4 expression was evaluated by linear regression.Results:A total of 23 patients with gallbladder stones were included.The density of gallstones in the isodense group was significantly lower than that of the calcified group(34.20±1.50 vs.109.40±3.84 HU,P<0.0001).Compared to the isodense group,the calcified group showed a higher abundance of gram-positive bacteria at the fundus,in the body and neck of gallbladder tissues.The concentrations of MUC1,MUC2,MUC3a,MUC3b,MUC5ac and MUC5b in the epithelial cells of gallbladder tissues showed no difference between the two groups,while the concentrations of MUC4 were significantly higher in the calcified group than that in the isodense group at the fundus(15.49±0.69 vs.10.23±0.54 ng/mL,P<0.05),in the body(14.54±0.94 vs.11.87±0.85 ng/mL,P<0.05)as well as in the neck(14.77±1.04 vs.10.85±0.72 ng/mL,P<0.05)of gallbladder tissues.Moreover,the abundance of bacteria was positively correlated with the expression of MUC4(r=0.569,P<0.05)in the calcified group.Conclusions:This study showed the potential clinical relevance among biliary microbiota,mucins and calcified gallstones in patients with gallstones.Gram-positive microbiota and MUC4 may be positively associated with the calcification of cholesterol gallstones. | Feng-Ling Hu Hong-Tan Chen Fang-Fang Guo Ming Yang Xin Jiang Jing-Hua Yu Fen-Ming Zhang Guo-Qiang Xu | 2021 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2021，20，1： | 11 |
| 5 | Review of tumoral calcinosis: A rare clinico-pathological entity显示文摘Tumoral calcinosis(TC) has long been a controversial clinico-pathological entity. Its pathogenesis and genetic background have been gradually unravelled since its first description in 1943. According to the presence or absence of an underlying calcifying disease process, TC has been divided into primary and secondary varieties. Two subtypes of the primary variety exist; a hyperphosphatemic type with familial basis represented by mutations in Gal NAc transferase 3 gene(GALNT3), KLOTHO or Fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23) genes, and a normo-phosphatemic type with growing evidence of underlying familial base represented by mutation in SAMD9 gene. The secondary variety is mainly associated with chronic renal failure and the resulting secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Diagnosis of TC relies on typical radiographic features(on plain radiographs and computed tomography) and the biochemical profile. Magnetic resonance imaging can be done in difficult cases, and scintigraphy reflects the disease activity. Treatment is mainly surgical for the primary variety; however, a stage-oriented conservative approach using phosphate binders, phosphate restricted dietsand acetazolamide should be considered before the surgical approach is pursued due to the high rate of recurrences and complications after surgical intervention. Medical treatment is the mainstay for treatment of the secondary variety, with failure warranting subtotal or total parathyroidectomy. Surgical intervention in these patients should be kept as a last resort. | Ibrahim Fathi Mahmoud Sakr | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2014，2，9： | 11 |
| 6 | Calcifying fibrous tumor of the gastrointestinal tract: A clinicopathologic review and update显示文摘Calcifying fibrous tumor(CFT)is a rare mesenchymal lesion that has been documented throughout the gastrointestinal tract.Gastrointestinal CFTs may occur at virtually any age,with a predilection for adults and for females.They occur most commonly in the stomach and the small and large intestines.CFTs are most often found incidentally,cured by local resection,and have a low risk of recurrence.Histology shows three characteristic features:Spindle cell proliferations within a densely hyalinized stroma,scattered calcifications,and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation.CFTs are immunoreactive for CD34,vimentin and factor XIIIa,helping to distinguish them from other benign mesenchymal neoplasms.The differential diagnosis of CFTs includes sclerosing gastrointestinal stromal tumor,leiomyoma,schwannoma,solitary fibrous tumor,inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,plexiform fibromyxoma,fibromatosis,sclerosing mesenteritis,and reactive nodular fibrous pseudotumor.The pathogenesis of CFTs remains unclear,but some have hypothesized that they may be linked to IgG4-related disease,inflammatory myofibroblastic lesions,hyaline vascular type Castleman disease,sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen,or trauma. | Donald Turbiville Xuchen Zhang | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，37： | 9 |
| 7 | Coronary artery calcification in chronic kidney disease:An update显示文摘Arterial calcification is a well-recognized complication of advanced atherosclerosis.Chronic kidney disease(CKD) is characterized by significantly more pronounced,dis-seminated and fast-progressing calcification of the vascular system,including the coronary arteries.New computed tomography-based imaging techniques al-low for the noninvasive assessment and monitoring of calcification in different vascular sites.Coronary artery calcification(CAC) develops early in the course of CKD and is tightly associated with mineral and bone disor-ders,which include but are not limited to secondary hyperparathyroidism.In this review,recent data on the pathogenesis of CAC development and progression are discussed,with a special emphasis on fibroblast growth factor 23 and its co-receptor,klotho.The prevalence,progression and prognostic significance of CAC are reviewed separately for patients with end-stage renal disease treated with dialysis,kidney transplant recipi-ents and patients with earlier stages of CKD.In the last section,therapeutic considerations are discussed,with special attention paid to the importance of treatment that addresses mineral and bone disorders of CKD. | Tomasz Stompór | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，4： | 9 |
| 8 | Relationship between severity of venous calcifications and symptoms of phlebosclerotic colitis显示文摘AIM: To examine the correlation between the severity of venous calcifications and the clinical symptoms of phlebosclerotic colitis.METHODS: This was a retrospective study.The data,including the numbers of episodes of active disease,were collected from the medical records at Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Wei Gong Memorial Hospital in Taiwan between January 2005 and December 2014.All computed tomography images with or without contrast enhancement were obtained using a multiple detector computed tomography scanner.The scanning range reached from the dome of the diaphragm to the pelvis.The severity of calcification at the tributaries of the portal vein was measured using a four-grade scoring system of the calcification of phlebosclerotic colitis.The episodes of active disease were defined as symptoms of fever,abdominal pain,severe constipation,bowel obstruction,vomiting or diarrhea based on a review of the medical records.Spearman's correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between the numbers of episodes of active disease and the severity of the calcification of the mesenteric veins.RESULTS: More than 3000 cases were reviewed from 2005 to 2014,and a total of 12 patients from Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Wei Gong Memorial Hospital were enrolled according to our inclusion criteria.Among these 12 patients,the mean age of the six males and the six females was 61.8 ± 11.5 years.All patients exhibited typical imaging characteristics,consisting of threadlike calcifications and colonic wall thickening in the standard radiographs and calcifications along the colonic and mesenteric vessels or associated with colonic wall thickening and adjacent fat stranding in the computed tomography images.The median score of the severity of the venous calcifications was 18 ± 13,and the median number of active disease episodes was 1 ± 1.75.Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the number of episodes of active phlebosclerotic colitis disease significantly positively correlated with the severity of the calcification of the mesenteric veins(r = 0.619,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: The extent of mesenteric venous calcification is strongly associated with the number of episodes of active disease among patients with phlebosclerotic colitis. | Tsung-Shuo Yen Chien-An Liu Nai-Chi Chiu Yi-You Chiou Yi-Hong Chou Cheng-Yen Chang | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，26： | 8 |
| 9 | Association of serum lipoprotein(a) level with the severity and prognosis of calcific aortic valve stenosis: a Chinese cohort study显示文摘Background There was a causal relationship between elevated lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)]levels and increased risk of calcific aortic valve stenosis(CAVS)in whites and blacks.The present study aimed to investigate whether Lp(a)levels were associated with aortic stenosis(AS)severity and clinical events in Chinese patients.Methods Levels of serum Lp(a)were measured in 652 patients with CAVS,whom all underwent baseline echocardiographic examination.The clinical endpoint was defined as a composite of aortic valve replacement(AVR)and cardiac death.Results Patients in the tertile 3 of Lp(a)had a higher percentage of severe AS compared with those in the tertile 1 and 2 of Lp(a)(46.2%vs.33.9%,P=0.005).Moreover,the top tertile of Lp(a)was an independent predictor of severe AS(OR=1.78,95%CI:1.18-2.66,P=0.006).However,there was no significant association between tertile 3 of Lp(a)and clinical events(hazard ratio:0.73;95%CI:0.43-1.24;P=0.239)in the multivariate Cox regression analysis during a mean follow-up time of 3.16±2.74 years.Conclusions Elevated Lp(a)level was an independent predictor of severe AS by echocardiography in the Chinese population,but was not associated with the increased risk of AVR and cardiac death,suggesting that Lp(a)levels might be helpful in the risk stratification of patients with CAVS. | Shuo-Lin LIU Rynat Rozi Hui-Wei SHI Ying GAO Yuan-Lin GUO Yi-Da TANG Jian-Jun LI Na-Qiong WU | 2020 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2020，17，3： | 6 |
| 10 | Crosslinking strategies for preparation of extracellular matrix-derived cardiovascular scaffolds显示文摘Heart valve and blood vessel replacement using artificial prostheses is an effective strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease at terminal stage.Natural extracellular matrix(ECM)-derived materials(decellularized allogeneic or xenogenic tissues)have received extensive attention as the cardiovascular scaffold.However,the bioprosthetic grafts usually far less durable and undergo calcification and progressive structural deterioration.Glutaraldehyde(GA)is a commonly used crosslinking agent for improving biocompatibility and durability of the natural scaffold materials.However,the nature ECM and GA-crosslinked materials may result in calcification and eventually lead to the transplant failure.Therefore,studies have been conducted to explore new crosslinking agents.In this review,we mainly focused on research progress of ECM-derived cardiovascular scaffolds and their crosslinking strategies. | Bing Ma Xiaoya Wang Chengtie Wu Jiang Chang | 2014 | Regenerative Biomaterials2014，1，1： | 6 |
| 11 | Are there ways to attenuate arterial calcification and improve cardiovascular outcomes in chronic kidney disease?显示文摘The risk of cardiovascular mortality among patientswith end-stage renal disease is several times higherthan general population. Arterial calcification, a markerof atherosclerosis and a predictor of cardiovascularmortality, is common in chronic kidney disease(CKD).The presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factorssuch as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and ad-vanced age cannot fully explain the high prevalence ofatherosclerosis and arterial calcification. Other factorsspecific to CKD such as hyperphosphatemia, excess ofcalcium, high dose active vitamin D and prolonged di-alysis vintage play important roles in the developmentof arterial calcification. Due to the significant healthrisk, it is prudent to attempt to lower arterial calcifica-tion burden in CKD. Treatment of hyperlipidemia withstatin has failed to lower atherosclerotic and arteriacalcification burden. Data on diabetes and blood pres-sure controls as well as smoking cessation on cardio-vascular outcomes in CKD population are limited. Cur-rently available treatment options include non-calciumcontaining phosphate binders, low dose active vitamin D, calcimimetic agent and perhaps bisphosphonates, vitamin K and sodium thiosulfate. Preliminary data on bisphosphonates, vitamin K and sodium thiosulfate are encouraging but larger studies on efficacy and out-comes are needed. | Thanh-Mai Vo Sinee Disthabanchong | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，5： | 5 |
| 12 | Dystrophic calcification and heterotopic ossification in fibrocartilaginous tissues of the spine in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis(DISH)显示文摘Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis(DISH) is a prevalent noninflammatory spondyloarthropathy characterized by ectopic mineral formation along the anterolateral aspect of the vertebral column, yet little is known about its underlying pathogenesis. Our objective was to evaluate the histopathological features and composition of ectopic mineral within spinal tissues affected by DISH in humans. Thoracic spine segments from six embalmed cadaveric donors(one female and five males;median age 82 years)meeting the radiographic diagnostic criteria for DISH were evaluated using radiological, histological, and physical analyses. Overall,the histological features of ectopic mineralization at individual motion segments were heterogeneous, including regions of heterotopic ossification and dystrophic calcification. Heterotopic ossifications were characterized by woven and lamellar bone,multifocal areas of metaplastic cartilage, and bony bridges along the anterior aspect of the intervertebral disc space. Dystrophic calcifications were characterized by an amorphous appearance, a high content of calcium and phosphorus, an X-ray diffraction pattern matching that of hydroxyapatite, and radiodensities exceeding that of cortical bone. Dystrophic calcifications were found within the anterior longitudinal ligament and annulus fibrosus in motion segments both meeting and not meeting the radiographic criteria for DISH. In summary, our findings indicate that in DISH, ectopic mineral forms along the anterior aspect of the spine by both heterotopic ossification and dystrophic calcification of fibrocartilaginous tissues. Although both types of ectopic mineralization are captured by current radiographic criteria for DISH, dystrophic calcification may reflect a distinct disease process or an early stage in the pathogenesis of DISH. | Dale E.Fournier Patti K.Kiser Ryan J.Beach S.Jeffrey Dixon Cheryle A.Séguin | 2020 | Bone Research2020，8，2： | 4 |
| 13 | Effect of different aged cartilage ECM on chondrogenesis of BMSCs in vitro and in vivo显示文摘Extracellular matrix(ECM)-based biomaterials are promising candidates in cartilage tissue engineering by simulating the native microenvironment to regulate the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)without exogenous growth factors.The biological properties of ECM scaffolds are primarily depended on the original source,which would directly influence the chondrogenic effects of the ECM materials.Despite the expanding investigations on ECM scaffolds in recent years,the selection of optimized ECM materials in cartilage regeneration was less reported.In this study,we harvested and compared the articular cartilage ECM from newborn,juvenile and adult rabbits.The results demonstrated the significant differences in the mechanical strength,sulphated glycosaminoglycan and collagen contents of the different aged ECM,before and after decellularization.Consequently,different compositional and mechanical properties were shown in the three ECM-based collagen hydrogels,which exerted age-dependent chondrogenic inducibility.In general,both in vitro and in vivo results suggested that the newborn ECM promoted the most chondrogenesis of BMSCs but led to severe matrix calcification.In contrast,BMSCs synthesized the lowest amount of cartilaginous matrix with minimal calcification with adult ECM.The juvenile ECM achieved the best overall results in promoting chondrogenesis of BMSCs and preventing matrix calcification.Together,this study provides important information to our current knowledge in the design of future ECM-based biomaterials towards a successful repair of articular cartilage. | Xiuyu Wang Yan Lu Wan Wang Qiguang Wang Jie Liang Yujiang Fan Xingdong Zhang | 2020 | Regenerative Biomaterials2020，7，6： | 4 |
| 14 | Implication of Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand in Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Promoting Osteoblast-like Cell Differentiation显示文摘Recent studies showed that activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway promoted the differentiation of osteoblast-like cells in the arterial calcification, but its mechanism remains unknown. In this study, the hypothesis that Wnt/β-catenin pathway promotes the differentiation of osteoblast-like cells by upregulating the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) was examined. LiCl was used to activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The differentiation of osteoblast-like cells was observed by Von Kossa staining, calcium content assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, and detection of osteocalcin expression. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG, the decoy receptor of RANKL) during the osteoblast-like cell differentiation. Different concentrations of OPG were added to the culture media respectively to inhibit the function of RANKL, and the change in the differentiation of osteoblast-like cells was evaluated. The results showed that when the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated by LiCl, the expression of RANKL was significantly in-creased, which coincided with the differentiation of osteoblast-like cells (P<0.05), and the OPG treatment could partly attenuate the promoting effect of Wnt/β-catenin pathway on the differentiation of osteoblast-like cells (P<0.05), but it failed to completely abolish such effect. It was concluded that activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway promotes the differentiation of osteoblast-like cells by both RANKL-dependent and RANKL-independent mechanisms. | 聂斌 周韶琼 方欣 李伟 王斌 管思明 | 2012 | Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)2012，32，6： | 3 |
| 15 | Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in the Arterial Medial Calcification and Its Effect on the OPG/RANKL System显示文摘In this study,the hypothesis that Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in the arterial calcification by regulating the osteoprotegerin(OPG)/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand(RANKL)system was tested.Theβ-catenin expression was measured in the warfarin-induced calcified arteries and the osteoblast-like cells differentiating from smooth muscle cells(SMCs)by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.The Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated or inhibited by lithium chloride(LiCl)or dickkopf 1(DKK1)in vitro and in vivo.Then the calcification level was determined by von Kossa staining,Ca^2+content assay,and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity assay.The expression levels of osteocalcin,OPG and RANKL were detected by Western blotting or real-time PCR.The results showed that in calcified arteries and OBL cells,the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway significantly enhanced the calcification as evidenced by increased von Kossa stains,Ca^2+contcnts,ALP activities,and osteocalcin expression levels(P<0.05),and it promoted the RANKL expression(P<0.05),but slightly affected the OPG expression.These results indicated that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway worsens the arterial calcification,probably by promoting the RANKL expression. | Bin NIE Shao-ying ZHANG Si-ming Guan Shao-qiong ZHOU Xin FANG | 2019 | Current Medical Science2019，39，1： | 3 |
| 16 | Decomposition process of bastnaesite concentrate in NaOH-CaO-H2O system显示文摘A novel process of calcification-leaching for bastnaesite concentrate(REFCO3) was proposed. The prior calcification was carried out in the system of NaOH-CaO-H2O and the lgC-pH pattern for Ce-F-Ca-C-H2O system was drawn. The thermodynamics result indicates that decomposition for bastnaesite requires certain alkaline condition, but excessive alkalinity also causes decomposition of CaF2. XRD and SEM-EDS analyses on the calcification-leaching process reveal that bastnaesite first decomposes into RE(OH)3 and CaF2. Then, by HCl leaching rare earths were extracted,while CaF2 was left in the leaching residue. In addition, effects of temperature, time, NaOH and CaO on the calcification were investigated. The results show that the leaching rate of rare earths(REs)reaches 72.5 wt%, at the same time 99.2 wt% of F is left in leaching residue with 20 wt% NaOH and 38 wt% CaO at 493 K for 180 min. | Jiang Liu Ting’an Zhang Zhihe Dou Yan Liu Guozhi Lv | 2019 | Journal of Rare Earths2019，37，7： | 2 |
| 17 | Hilar cholangiocarcinoma with intratumoral calcification: A case report显示文摘This report describes a rare case of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with intratumoral calcification that mimicked hepatolithiasis. A 73-year-old man presented to a local hospital with a calcified lesion in the hepatic hilum. At first,hepatolithiasis was diagnosed,and he underwent endoscopic stone extraction via the transpapillary route. This treatment strategy failed due to biliary stricture. He was referred to our hospital,and further examination suggested the existence of cholangiocarcinoma. He underwent left hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy and extrahepatic bile duct resection. Pathological examination revealed hilar cholangiocarcinoma with intratumoral calcification,while no stones were found. To the best of our knowledge,only one case of calcified hilar cholangiocarcinoma has been previously reported in the literature. Here,we report a rare case of calcified hilar cholangiocarcinoma and reveal its clinicopathologic features. | Kazuho Inoko Takahiro Tsuchikawa Takehiro Noji Yo Kurashima Yuma Ebihara Eiji Tamoto Toru Nakamura Soichi Murakami Keisuke Okamura Toshiaki Shichinohe Satoshi Hirano | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，38： | 2 |
| 18 | Role of TGF-βl Signaling in Heart Valve Calcification Induced by Abnormal Mechanical Stimulation in a Tissue Engineering Model显示文摘A tissue engineering model of heart valve calcification induced in a bio-reactor was established to evaluate the calcification induced by abnormal mechanical stimulation and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified decellularized porcine aortic leaflets seeded with human valve interstitial cells (huVICs)were mounted on a Ti-Ni alloy frame to fabricate two-leaflet and three-leaflet tissue engineered valves.The two-leaflet model valves were exposed to abnormal pulsatile flow stimulation with null (group A),low (1000mL/min,group B),medium (2000mL/min,group C),and high velocity (3000mL/min,group D)for 14 days. Morphology and calcification were assessed by yon Kossa staining,alkaline phosphatase (ALP)content,and Runx2 immunostaining.Leaflet calcification and mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1,bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2),Smadl,and MSX2 were measured at different time points.ALP content was examined in two-leaflet valves seeded with BMP2 shRNA plasmid-infected huVICs and exposed to the same stimulation conditions.The results showed that during 14 days of flow stimulation,huVICs on the leaflet surface proliferated to generate normal monolayer coverage in groups A,B,and C.Under mechanical stimulation,huVICs showed a parallel growth pattern in the direction of the fluid flow,but huVICs exhibited disordered growth in the high-velocity flow environment,yon Kossa staining,ALP measurement,and immunohistochemical staining for Runx2 confirmed the lack of obvious calcification in group A and significant calcification in group D.Expression levels of TGF-β1,BMP2, and MSX2 mRNA and protein were increased under fluid stimulation.ALP production by BMP2 shRNA plasmid-infected huVICs on model leaflets was significantly reduced.In conclusion,abnormal mechanical stimulation in a bioreactor induced calcification in the tissue engineering valve model.The extent of calcification correlated positively with the flow velocity,as did the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1,BMP2,and MSX2.These findings indicate that TGF-β1/BMP2 signaling is involved in valve calcification induced bv abnormal mechanical stimulation. | Xing-jian HU Wen-cong-hui WU Nian-guo DONG Jia-wei SHI Jun-wei LIU Si CHEN Chen DENG Feng SHI | 2018 | Current Medical Science2018，38，5： | 2 |
| 19 | Physiological performance of three calcifying green macroalgae Halimeda species in response to altered seawater temperatures显示文摘The effects of seawater temperature on the physiological performance of three Halimeda species were studied for a period of 28 d.Five treatments were established for Halimeda cylindracea,Halimeda opuntia and Halimeda lacunalis,in triplicate aquaria representing a factorial temperature with 24°C,28°C,32°C,34°C and 36°C,respectively.The average Fv/Fm of these species ranged from 0.732 to 0.756 between 24°C and 32°C but declined sharply between 34°C(0.457±0.035)and 36°C(0.122±0.014).Calcification was highest at 28°C,with net calcification rates(Gnet)of(20.082±2.482)mg/(g·d),(12.825±1.623)mg/(g·d)and(6.411±1.029)mg/(g·d)for H.cylindracea,H.opuntia and H.lacunalis,respectively.Between 24°C and 32°C,the specific growth rate(SGR)of H.lacunalis(0.079%–0.110%d–1)was lower than that of H.cylindracea(0.652%–1.644%d–1)and H.opuntia(0.360%–1.527%d–1).Three Halimeda species gradually bleached at 36°C during the study period.Malondialdehyde(MDA)and proline levels in tissues of the three Halimeda were higher in 34–36°C than those in 24–32°C.The results indicate that seawater temperature with range of 24–32°C could benefit the growth and calcification of these Halimeda species,however,extreme temperatures above 34°C have negative impacts.The measured physiological parameters also revealed that H.cylindracea and H.opuntia displayed broader temperature tolerance than H.lacunalis. | Zhangliang Wei Jiahao Mo Ruiping Huang Qunju Hu Chao Long Dewen Ding Fangfang Yang Lijuan Long | 2020 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2020，39，2： | 2 |
| 20 | Heavily calcified gastrointestinal stromal tumors:Pathophysiology and implications of a rare clinicopathologic entity显示文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, and are characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical, histological and molecular features at presentation. Although focal and scattered calcifications are not uncommon within the primary tumor mass, heavy calcification within a GIST is rarely described in the literature and the clinical-biological meaning of this feature remains unclear. Cases with such an atypical presentation are challenging and may be associated with diagnostic pitfalls. Herein, we report a gastric GIST with the unusual presentation of prominent calcifications that was identified incidentally on imaging during a post-trauma diagnostic work-up. The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery with a radical resection of the mass, which was subsequently characterized by histological analysis as spindle-shaped tumor cells, positive for CD117/c-KIT, CD34 and DOG1, and with calcified areas. Given the intermediate risk of recurrence, no adjuvant therapy was recommended andthe patient underwent regular follow-up for 22 mo, with no evidence of relapse. Our case can be considered of interest because of the rarity of clinical presentation and the uniquely large size of the GIST at diagnosis(longest diameter exceeding 9 cm). In closing, we discuss the pathophysiology and clinical implications of calcifications in GISTs by reviewing the most up-to-date relevant literature. | Massimiliano Salati Giulia Orsi Luca Reggiani Bonetti Fabrizio Di Benedetto Giuseppe Longo Stefano Cascinu | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2017，9，3： | 2 |
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