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| 1 | A seven-gene-deleted African swine fever virus is safe and effective as a live attenuated vaccine in pigs显示文摘African swine fever(ASF)is a devastating infectious disease in swine that is severely threatening the global pig industry.An efficacious vaccine is urgently required.Here,we used the Chinese ASFV HLJ/18 as a backbone and generated a series of genedeleted viruses.The virulence,immunogenicity,safety,and protective efficacy evaluation in specific-pathogen-free pigs,commercial pigs,and pregnant sows indicated that one virus,namely HLJ/18-7GD,which has seven genes deleted,is fully attenuated in pigs,cannot convert to the virulent strain,and provides complete protection of pigs against lethal ASFV challenge.Our study shows that HLJ/-18-7GD is a safe and effective vaccine against ASFV,and as such is expected to play an important role in controlling the spread of ASFV. | Weiye Chen Dongming Zhao Xijun He Renqiang Liu Zilong Wang Xianfeng Zhang Fang Li Dan Shan Hefeng Chen Jiwen Zhang Lulu Wang Zhiyuan Wen Xijun Wang Yuntao Guan Jinxiong Liu Zhigao Bu | 2020 | Science China(Life Sciences)2020，63，5： | 72 |
| 2 | Washed microbiota transplantation vs.manual fecal microbiota transplantation:clinical findings,animal studies and in vitro screening显示文摘Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)by manual preparation has been applied to treat diseases for thousands of years.However,this method still endures safety risks and challenges the psychological endurance and acceptance of doctors,patients and donors.Population evidence showed the washed microbiota preparation with microfiltration based on an automatic purification system followed by repeated centrifugation plus suspension for three times significantly reduced FMT-related adverse events.This washing preparation makes delivering a precise dose of the enriched microbiota feasible,instead of using the weight of stool.Intraperitoneal injection in mice with the fecal microbiota supernatant obtained after repeated centrifugation plus suspension for three times induced less toxic reaction than that by the first centrifugation following the microfiltration.The toxic reactions that include death,the change in the level of peripheral white blood cells,and the proliferation of germinal center in secondary lymphoid follicles in spleen were noted.The metagenomic next-generation sequencing(NGS)indicated the increasing types and amount of viruses could be washed out during the washing process.Metabolomics analysis indicated metabolites with pro-inflammatory effects in the fecal microbiota supernatant such as leukotriene B4,corticosterone,and prostaglandin G2 could be removed by repeated washing.Near-infrared absorption spectroscopy could be served as a rapid detection method to control the quality of the washingprocess.In conclusion,this study for the first time provides evidence linking clinical findings and animal experiments to support that washed microbiota transplantation(WMT)is safer,more precise and more quality-controllable than the crude FMT by manual. | Ting Zhang Gaochen Lu Zhe Zhao Yafei Liu Quan Shen Pan Li Yaoyao Chen Haoran Yin Huiquan Wang Cicilia Marcella Bota Cui Lei Cheng Guozhong Ji Faming Zhang | 2020 | Protein & Cell2020，11，4： | 44 |
| 3 | Challenges in Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicines显示文摘This review is briefly to recall the history of research and development (R&D) of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and to discuss the challenges of Chinese traditional and herbal medicines (CTHM) facing the modern science and technology. The R&D of CTHM is thought to be an important pathway for new drug discovery. Since1949, about 140 approved new drugs have been developed, among which about 80 originated directly or indirectly from medicinal plants. CTHM has gained interest from the international medical, biomedical, and pharmaceutical institutions as a valuable source of potential medicines. For the modernization of CMM and innovative research of CTHM, there are following challenges to be faced: (1) to evaluate the efficacy, pharmacological properties, action mechanism, and active chemical constituents; (2) to develop new methodologies for the quality and safety of CTHM; (3) to apply new '-omics' techniques to accelerate drug discoveries developed from CTHM; and (4) to apply international practices including good agricultural practice, good manufacturing practice, good laboratory practice, and good clinical practice in the R&D of CTHM. | LIU Chang-xiao1*, XIAO Pei-gen2, PENG Yong2, SONG Nai-ning1 1. Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China 2. Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China | 2009 | Chinese Herbal Medicines2009，1，1： | 34 |
| 4 | A review of lithium-ion battery safety concerns:The issues,strategies,and testing standards显示文摘Efficient and reliable energy storage systems are crucial for our modern society.Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with excellent performance are widely used in portable electronics and electric vehicles(EVs),but frequent fires and explosions limit their further and more widespread applications.This review summarizes aspects of LIB safety and discusses the related issues,strategies,and testing standards.Specifically,it begins with a brief introduction to LIB working principles and cell structures,and then provides an overview of the notorious thermal runaway,with an emphasis on the effects of mechanical,electrical,and thermal abuse.The following sections examine strategies for improving cell safety,including approaches through cell chemistry,cooling,and balancing,afterwards describing current safety standards and corresponding tests.The review concludes with insights into potential future developments and the prospects for safer LIBs. | Yuqing Chen Yuqiong Kang Yun Zhao Li Wang Jilei Liu Yanxi Li Zheng Liang Xiangming He Xing Li Naser Tavajohi Baohua Li | 2021 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2021，30，8： | 29 |
| 5 | Investigation of the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake damages to the Zipingpu Water Control Project and an assessment of its safety state显示文摘On May 12, 2008, a major earthquake measured 8 on the Richter scale jolted Wenchuan County in Si- chuan Province, China with the epicentral intensity of XI degrees. Zipingpu Dam is located 17.17 km from the epicenter and the influence intensity at the damsite reached IX―X degrees. It is the first time in the world for such a high concrete-faced rockfill dam (CFRD) in China to experience such a strong earthquake occurring in such a short distance. Due to its location of special importance to the down- stream areas, the safety state and damaging condition of the Zipingpu Dam has attracted great atten- tions from various circles. Based on site investigation of the damages to the Zipingpu Dam and com- parison analysis of the observation data obtained before and after the earthquake, the paper makes a comprehensive assessment of the key technical issues relevant to this high CFRD, including its safety state and the high slope stability after the earthquake. | GUAN ZhiCheng Water Resources and Hydropower Planning & Design General Institute, Beijing100120, China | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，4： | 26 |
| 6 | 基于Safety case和PDCA的尾矿库安全保障体系显示文摘运用系统分析方法,将矿山尾矿库生命周期过程划分为设计、建设、运行、闭库等四个阶段,提取了各个阶段的风险及安全事故影响因素,对其进行了描述和分类,包括技术、环境、人因、法规等因素;对于尾矿库生命周期过程的每一个阶段,分别运用PDCA模式的计划、实施、检查、处理等环节改进方法,研究与尾矿库生命周期各个阶段和PDCA各个环节之交集相对应的Safetycase的结构及要素,构建尾矿库及其各个阶段的Safety case框架,给出了尾矿库及其各个阶段的安全合规、隐患识别、风险评价、事故防控、库灾应急及缓解、审核及报告等问题的解决方案,形成了一种基于Safety case和PDCA方法的矿山尾矿库安全保障体系. | 李仲学 曹志国 赵怡晴 | 2010 | 系统工程理论与实践2010，30，5： | 25 |
| 7 | Study on real working performance and overload safety factor of high arch dam显示文摘Considering the fact that high arch dams have problems such as complicated stress,high cost,and hazards after being damaged,this paper intends to study the effects of load,material strength,and safety analysis method on dam safety and working performance of arch dams.In this article,the effects of temperature,self weight exaction way and water loading on structure response are first discussed,and a more reasonable way of considering is then put forward.By taking into consideration the mechanical property of materials and comparing the effects of different yield criteria on overloading safety of high arch dams,this paper concludes that brittle characteristics of concrete should be fully considered when conducting safety assessment for high arch dams to avoid overestimating the bearing capacity of the dams.By comparing several typical projects,this paper works out a safety assessment system of multiple safety and relevant engineering analogical analysis methods,which is closer to the actual situation,and thus is able to assess the response of high arch dam structure in a more comprehensive way,elicit the safety coefficients in different situations,and provide a new way of considering the safety assessment of high arch dams. | ZHANG GuoXin,LIU Yi & ZHOU QiuJing Department of Structures and Materials,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，S2： | 25 |
| 8 | Comparison of the efficacy and safety of sedation between dexmedetomidine-remifentanil and propofol-remifentanil during endoscopic submucosal dissection显示文摘AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of sedation protocols for endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) between dexmedetomidine-remifentanil and propofolremifentanil.METHODS: Fifty-nine patients scheduled for ESD were randomly allocated into a dexmedetomidineremifentanil(DR) group or a propofol-remifentanil(PR) group. To control patient anxiety, dexmedetomidine or propofol was infused to maintain a score of 4-5 on the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale. Remifentanil was infused continuously at a rate of 6 μg/kg per hour in both groups. The ease of advancing the scope into the throat, gastric motility grading, and satisfaction of the endoscopist and patient were assessed. Hemodynamic variables and hypoxemic events were compared to evaluate patient safety.RESULTS: Demographic data were comparable between the groups. The hemodynamic variables and pulse oximetry values were stable during the procedure in both groups despite a lower heart rate in the DR group. No oxygen desaturation events occurred in either group. Although advancing the scope into the throat was easier in the PR group('very easy' 24.1% vs 56.7%, P = 0.010), gastric motility was moresuppressed in the DR group('no + mild' 96.6% vs 73.3%, P = 0.013). The endoscopists felt that the procedure was more favorable in the DR group('very good + good' 100% vs 86.7%, P = 0.042), whereas patient satisfaction scores were comparable between the groups. En bloc resection was performed 100% of the time in both groups, and the complete resection rate was 94.4% in the DR group and 100% in the PR group(P = 0.477). CONCLUSION: The efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil were comparable to propofol and remifentanil during ESD. However, the endoscopists favored dexmedetomidine perhaps due to lower gastric motility. | Namo Kim Young-Chul Yoo Sang Kil Lee Hyunzu Kim Hyang Mi Ju Kyeong Tae Min | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，12： | 25 |
| 9 | Endoscopic treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Advantages and hurdles显示文摘One of the most prominent characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) is their unpredictable and variable behavior. GISTs are not classified as 'benign' or 'malignant' but are rather stratified by their associated clinical risk of malignancy as determined by tumor size, location, and number of mitoses identified during surgicalhistology. The difficulty in assessing the malignant potential and prognoses of GISTs as well as the increasing incidence of 'incidental GISTs' presents challenges to gastroenterologists. Recently, endoscopic enucleation has been actively performed as both a diagnostic and therapeutic intervention for GISTs. Endoscopic enucleation has several advantages, including keeping the stomach intact after the removal of GISTs, a relatively short hospital stay, a conscious sedation procedure, relatively low cost, and fewer human resources required compared with surgery. However, a low complete resection rate and the risk of perforation could reduce the overall advantages of this procedure. Endoscopic full-thickness resection appears to achieve a very high R0 resection rate. However, this technique absolutely requires a very skilled operator. Moreover, there is a risk of peritoneal seeding due to large active perforation. Laparoscopy endoscopy collaborations have been applied for more stable and pathologically acceptable management. These collaborative procedures have produced excellent outcomes. Many procedures have been developed and attempted because they were technically possible. However, we should first consider the theoretical basis for each technique. Until the efficacy and safety of sole endoscopic access are proved, the laparoscopy endoscopy collaborative procedure appears to be an appropriate method for minimally destructive GIST surgery. | Hyung Hun Kim | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，3： | 24 |
| 10 | Application of enhanced recovery after gastric cancer surgery: An updated meta-analysis显示文摘AIM To provide an updated assessment of the safety and efficacy of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) protocols in elective gastric cancer(GC) surgery.METHODS Pub Med, Medline, EMBASE, World Health Organization International Trial Register, and Cochrane Library were searched up to June 2017 for all available randomized controlled trials(RCTs) comparing ERAS protocols and standard care(SC) in GC surgery. Thirteen RCTs, with a total of 1092 participants, were analyzed in this study, of whom 545 underwent ERAS protocols and 547 received SC treatment.RESULTS No significant difference was observed between ERAS and control groups regarding total complications(P = 0.88), mortality(P = 0.50) and reoperation(P = 0.49). The incidence of pulmonary infection was significantly reduced(P = 0.03) following gastrectomy. However, the readmission rate after GC surgery nearly tripled under ERAS(P = 0.009). ERAS protocols significantly decreased the length of postoperative hospital stay(P < 0.00001) and medical costs(P < 0.00001), and accelerated bowel function recovery, as measured by earlier time to the first flatus(P = 0.0004) and the first defecation(P < 0.0001). Moreover, ERAS protocols were associated with a lower level of serum inflammatory response, higher serum albumin, and superior shortterm quality of life(QOL).CONCLUSION Collectively, ERAS results in accelerated convalescence, reduction of surgical stress and medical costs, improved nutritional status, and better QOL for GC patients. However, high-quality multicenter RCTs with large samples and long-term follow-up are needed to more precisely evaluate ERAS in radical gastrectomy. | Liu-Hua Wang Ren-Fei Zhu Cheng Gao Shou-Lin Wang Li-Zong Shen | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，14： | 22 |
| 11 | Safety Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine: Methods, Applications, and Outlook显示文摘Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a medical system that has collected and summarized abundant clinical experience over its long history of more than 2000 years. However, the frequent occurrence of TCM-induced adverse reactions has hindered the modernization and internationalization of TCM, while attracting increasing attention from around the world. Unlike chemical drugs and biological agents, the difficulties involved in research on the toxicity and safety of TCM mainly include the complexity of its components and the unpredictability of drug–body interactions. Much of TCM, which has overall therapeutic effects, has the typical mechanisms of multiple components, multiple pathways, and multiple targets. While considering the gradualness and unpredictability of TCM toxicity, the ambiguity of toxicants and safe dosage, and individual differences during long-term TCM administration, we have systematically established key techniques for the toxicity assessment of TCM. These techniques mainly include TCM toxicity discovery in an early phase, based on a combination of drug toxicology genomics and metabolomics;methods to identify dose–toxicity relationships in TCM;and integrated techniques for the exploration of TCM interactions, such as fast-screening tests based on drug-metabolizing enzymes and receptor pathways. In particular, we have developed a new technical system for TCM safety evaluation using molecular toxicology, which has been validated well in research on TCM compatibility contraindication, quality control, and allergen discovery. The application of this key technical platform is introduced here in detail. This application includes model organisms, toxicant biomarkers, a magnetic suspension technique, and the application of network toxicology and computational toxicology in research on the toxicity of Fructus toosendan, Semen cassiae, Polygonum multiflorum, and Fructus psoraleae. | Yue Gao Aihua Liang Xiaohui Fan Limin Hu Feiran Hao Yubo Li | 2019 | Engineering2019，5，1： | 19 |
| 12 | Short-term outcomes of overlapped delta-shaped anastomosis, an innovative intracorporeal anastomosis technique, in totally laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer显示文摘AIM To introduce an innovative intracorporeal anastomosis technique named overlapped delta-shaped anastomosis(ODA)for colon cancer cases undergoing totally laparoscopic colectomy(TLC)and to assess its feasibility and safety. METHODS From January 2016 to March 2017,a total of 20consecutive patients with colon cancer accepted TLC and the ODA technique at our medical center.Patient demographics,operative outcomes,perioperative complications,and pathological results were collected and analyzed. RESULTS We successfully completed TLC and the ODA procedure in all 20 cases,including 6(30%)males and 14(70%)females.In total,11(55%),2(10%),and 7(35%)cases accepted right hemicolectomy,transverse hemicolectomy,and left hemicolectomy,respectively.None of the surgeries were converted to an open operation.Mean operative time was 178.5 min,and mean estimated blood loss was 58.5 m L.Mean time to first flatus was 2.5 d,and mean postoperative hospitalization duration was 6.8 d.No severe complications occurred,such as anastomotic leakage,snastomotic stenosis,anastomotic bleeding,and wound infection,except for one case who suffered from an abdominal infection and another case who suffered from gastric paralysis syndrome.Tumor recurrence was not observed in any patient during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION The ODA technique for colon cancer cases undergoing TLC appears to be safe and feasible,although our current results need to be verified in further studies. | Hai-Tao Zhou Peng Wang Jian-Wei Liang Hao Su Zhi-Xiang Zhou | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，36： | 19 |
| 13 | Is total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy superior to open procedure? A meta-analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND Laparoscopy has been widely used in general surgical procedures,but total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(TLPD)is still a complex and challenging surgery that is only performed in a small number of patients at a few large academic medical centers.Although the safety and feasibility of TLPD have been established,few studies have compared it with open pancreaticoduodenectomy(OPD)with regard to perioperative and oncological outcomes.Therefore,we carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate whether TLPD is superior to OPD.AIM To compare the treatment outcomes of TLPD and OPD in order to assess the safety and feasibility of TLPD.METHODS We conducted a systematic search of studies comparing TLPD with OPD that were published in the PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library databases through December 31,2018.The studies comparing TLPD and OPD with at least one of the outcomes we were interested in and with more than 10 cases in each group were included in this analysis.The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the nonrandomized controlled trials and the Jadad scale was used to assess the randomized controlled trials.Intraoperative data,postoperative complications,and oncologic outcomes were evaluated.The metaanalysis was performed using Review Manager Software version 5.3.Random or fixed-effects meta-analyses were undertaken to measure the pooled estimates.RESULTS A total of 4790 articles were initially identified for our study.After screening,4762 articles were excluded and 28 studies representing 39771 patients(3543 undergoing TLPD and 36228 undergoing OPD)were eventually included.Patients who underwent TLPD had less intraoperative blood loss[weighted mean difference(WMD)=-260.08 mL,95%confidence interval(CI):(-336.02,-184.14)mL,P<0.00001],a lower blood transfusion rate[odds ratio(OR)=0.51,95%CI:0.36-0.72,P=0.0001],a lower perioperative overall morbidity(OR=0.82,95%CI:0.73-0.92,P=0.0008),a lower wound infection rate(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.34-0.67,P<0.0001),a lower pneumonia rate(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.60-0.85,P=0.0002),a shorter duration of intensive care unit(ICU)stay[WMD=-0.28 d,95%CI(-2.88,-1.29)d,P<0.00001]and a shorter length of hospital stay[WMD=-3.05 d,95%CI(-3.93,-2.17),P<0.00001],a lower rate of discharge to a new facility(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.39-0.78,P=0.0008),and a lower 30-d readmission rate(OR=0.81,95%CI:0.68-0.95,P=0.10)than those who underwent OPD.In addition,the TLPD group had a higher R0 rate(OR=1.28,95%CI:1.13-1.44,P=0.0001)and more lymph nodes harvested(WMD=1.32,95%CI:0.57-2.06,P=0.0005)than the OPD group.However,the patients who underwent TLPD experienced a significantly longer operative time(WMD=77.92 min,95%CI:40.89-114.95,P<0.0001)and had a smaller tumor size than those who underwent OPD[WMD=-0.32 cm,95%CI:(-0.58,-0.07)cm,P=0.01].There were no significant differences between the two groups in the major morbidity,postoperative pancreatic fistula,delayed gastric emptying,postpancreatectomy hemorrhage,bile leak,gastroenteric anastomosis fistula,intra-abdominal abscess,bowel obstruction,fluid collection,reoperation,ICU admission,or 30-d and 90-d mortality rates.For malignant tumors,the 1-,2-,3-,4-and 5-year overall survival rates were not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that TLPD is safe and feasible,and may be a desirable alternative to OPD,although a longer operative time is needed and only smaller tumors can be treated. | Hua Zhang Xiang Lan Bing Peng Bo Li | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，37： | 19 |
| 14 | Deformation characteristics and safety assessment of a high-speed railway induced by undercutting metro tunnel excavation显示文摘Stratum deformation(settlement) is a challenging issue in tunnel engineering, especially when construction of metro tunnels has to undercut high-speed railway. For this purpose, we used the FLAC30 software to analyze the stratum settlement characteristics of high-speed railway at different crossing angles intersected by metro tunnel, in terms of ground settlement trough, stratum slip line and irregularity of ballastless tracks. According to the evolution of the stratum settlement at different angle regions, an optimized angle is proposed for the actual project design. In order to reduce the influence of stratum settlement on the safety of high-speed railway, an approach of safety assessment is proposed for the shield engineering undercutting high-speed railway, as per Chinese specifications using numerical results and on-site conditions. A case study is conducted for the shield tunnel section crossing the Wuhan-Guangzhou High-speed Railway between the Guangzhou North Railway Station and the Huacheng Road Station, which represents the first metro tunnel project passing below a high-speed railway in China. A series of measures is taken to ensure the safe excavation of the shield tunnel and the operation of the high-speed railway. The results can provide a technical support for performing a safety evaluation between high-speed railways and metro tunnels. | Wangping Qian Taiyue Qi Yunjian Zhao Yizhou Le Haiyang Yi | 2019 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2019，11，1： | 18 |
| 15 | The development of Terminalia chebula Retz.(Combretaceae) in clinical research显示文摘Medicinal plants are part and parcel of human society to combat diseases from the dawn of civilization.Terminalia chebula Retz.(Fam.Combretaceae),is called the‘King of Medicine??in Tibet and is always listed at the lop of the list of‘Ayurvedic Materia Medica??because of its extraordinary power of healing.The whole plant possesses high medicinal value and traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments for human beings.Some of the folklore people used this plant in the treatment of asthma,sore throat,vomiting,hiccough,diarrhea,dysentery,bleeding piles,ulcers,gout,heart and bladder diseases.The plant has been demonstrated to possess multiple pharmacological and medicinal activities,such as antioxidant,antimicrobial,antidiabetic,hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,antimutagenic,antiproliferative,radioprotective,cardioprotective,antiarthritic,anticaries,gastrointestinal motility and wound healing activity.But no systematic updated information on the therapeutic effectiveness of Terminalia chebula,a popular herbal remedy in India and South-East Asia has so far been reported.This review highlights an updated information particularly on the phytochemistry and various pharmacological and medicinal properties of Terminalia chebula Retz.and some of its isolated compounds,along with their safety evaluation.This may provide incentive for proper evaluation of the plant as medicinal agent against the human diseases and also to bridge the lacunae in the existing literature and future scope which may offer immense opportunity for researchers engaged in validation of the traditional claims and development of safe and effective botanical medicine. | Anwesa Bag Subir Kumar Bhattacharyya Rabi Ranjan Chattopadhyay | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2013，3，3： | 17 |
| 16 | Probabilistic stability analyses of undrained slopes by 3D random fields and finite element methods显示文摘A long slope consisting of spatially random soils is a common geographical feature. This paper examined the necessity of three-dimensional(3 D) analysis when dealing with slope with full randomness in soil properties. Although 3 D random finite element analysis can well reflect the spatial variability of soil properties, it is often time-consuming for probabilistic stability analysis. For this reason, we also examined the least advantageous(or most pessimistic) cross-section of the studied slope. The concept of'most pessimistic' refers to the minimal cross-sectional average of undrained shear strength. The selection of the most pessimistic section is achievable by simulating the undrained shear strength as a 3 D random field. Random finite element analysis results suggest that two-dimensional(2 D) plane strain analysis based the most pessimistic cross-section generally provides a more conservative result than the corresponding full 3 D analysis. The level of conservativeness is around 15% on average. This result may have engineering implications for slope design where computationally tractable 2 D analyses based on the procedure proposed in this study could ensure conservative results. | Yong Liu Wengang Zhang Lei Zhang Zhiren Zhu Jun Hu Hong Wei | 2018 | Geoscience Frontiers2018，9，6： | 17 |
| 17 | Aflatoxins,hepatocellular carcinoma and public health显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide,primarily affecting populations in the developing countries.Aflatoxin,a food contaminant produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus,is a known human carcinogen that has been shown to be a causative agent in the pathogenesis of HCC.Aflatoxin can affect a wide range of food commodities including corns,oilseeds,spices,and tree nuts as well as milk,meat,and dried fruit.Many factors affect the growth of Aspergillus fungi and the level of aflatoxin contamination in food.Drought stress is one of the factors that increase susceptibility of plants to Aspergillus and thus aflatoxin contamination.A recent drought is thought to be responsible for finding of trace amounts of aflatoxin in some of the corn harvested in the United States.Although it's too soon to know whether aflatoxin will be a significant problem,since United States is the world's largest corn producer and exporter,this has raised alarm bells.Strict regulations and testing of finished foods and feeds in the United States should prevent a major health scare,and prevent human exposure to deleterious levels of aflatoxin.Unfortunately,such regulations and testing are not in place in many countries.The purpose of this editorial is to summarize the current knowledge on association of aflatoxin and HCC,encourage future research and draw attention to this global public health issue. | Arvin Magnussen Mansour A Parsi | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，10： | 16 |
| 18 | Radiofrequency ablation for single hepatocellular carcinoma 3 cm or less as first-line treatment显示文摘AIM:To evaluate long-term outcomes of radiofrequency(RF) ablation as first-line therapy for single hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) ≤ 3 cm and to determine survival and prognostic factors.METHODS:We included all 184 patients who underwent RF ablation as a first-line treatment for single HCC ≤ 3 cm between April 2005 and December 2013.According to the criteria of Livraghi,the 184 patients were divided into two groups:those suitable for surgical resection(84 cases) and those unsuitable for surgical resection(100 cases).The primary endpoints were the overall survival(OS) rate and safety;the secondary endpoints were primary technique effectiveness and recurrence rate.RESULTS:There were 19(10.3%) cases of ablation related minor complications.The complete tumor ablation rate after one RF session was 97.8%(180/184).The rate of local tumor progression,extrahepatic metastases and intrahepatic distant recurrence were 4.9%(9/184),9.8%(18/184) and 37.5%(69/184),respectively.In the 184 patients,the 1-,3-,and 5-year OS rates were 99.5%,81.0%,and 62.5%,respectively.The 1-,3-,and 5-year OS rates were 100%,86.9%,and 71.4%,respectively,in those suitable for surgical resection and 99.0%,76.0%,and 55.0%,respectively,in those unsuitable for surgical resection(P = 0.021).On univariate and multivariate analyses,poorer OS was associated with Child-Pugh B class and portal hypertension(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:RF ablation is a safe and effective treatment for single HCC ≤ 3 cm.The OS rate of patients suitable for surgical resection was similar to those reported in surgical series. | Jun Gao Shao-Hong Wang Xue-Mei Ding Wen-Bing Sun Xiao-Long Li Zong-Hai Xin Chun-Min Ning Shi-Gang Guo | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，17： | 16 |
| 19 | A holistic strategy for quality and safety control of traditional Chinese medicines by the “iVarious” standard system显示文摘An effective quality control system is the key to ensuring the quality, safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs). However, the current quality standard research lacks top-level design and systematic design,mostly based on specific technologies or evaluation methods. To resolve the challenges and questions of quality control of TCMs, a brand-new quality standard system, named 'iVarious', was proposed. The system comprises eight elements in a modular format. Meaning of every element was specifically illustrated via corresponding research instances. Furthermore, frankincense study was taken as an example for demonstrating standards and research process, based on the 'i Various' system. This system highlighted a holistic strategy for effectiveness,security, integrity and systematization of quality and safety control standards of TCMs. The establishment of'i Various' integrates multi-disciplinary technologies and progressive methods, basis elements and key points of standard construction. The system provides a novel idea and technological demonstration for regulation establishment of TCMs quality standards. | Anzhen Chen Lei Sun Hang Yuan Aiying Wu Jingguang Lu Shuangcheng Ma | 2017 | Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis2017，7，5： | 16 |
| 20 | Rational design on separators and liquid electrolytes for safer lithium-ion batteries显示文摘As the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) continues to increase,their safety has become a great concern for further practical large-scale applications.One of the ultimate solution of the safety issue is to develop intrinsically safe battery components,where the battery separators and liquid electrolytes are critical for the battery thermal runaway process.In this review,we summarize recent progress in the rational materials design on battery separators and liquid electrolyte towards the goal of improving the safety of LIBs.Also,some strategies for further improving safety of LIBs are also briefly outlooked. | Mengqi Yuan Kai Liu | 2020 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2020，29，4： | 16 |
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