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| 1 | The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO):Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer,2021显示文摘There exist differences in the epidemiological characteristics,clinicopathological features,tumor biological characteristics,treatment patterns,and drug selections between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries.The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)has organized a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub-specialties of gastric cancer to compile a clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer since 2016 and renews it annually.Taking into account regional differences,giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources,these experts have conducted expert consensus judgment on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes in China.The 2021 CSCO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer covers the diagnosis,treatment,follow-up,and screening of gastric cancer.Based on the 2020 version of the CSCO Chinese Gastric Cancer guidelines,this updated guideline integrates the results ofmajor clinical studies from China and overseas for the past year,focused on the inclusion of research data from the Chinese population for more personalized and clinically relevant recommendations.For the comprehensive treatment of non-metastatic gastric cancer,attentions were paid to neoadjuvant treatment.The value of perioperative chemotherapy is gradually becoming clearer and its recommendation level has been updated.For the comprehensive treatment of metastatic gastric cancer,recommendations for immunotherapy were included,and immune checkpoint inhibitors fromthird-line to the first-line of treatment for different patient groups with detailed notes are provided. | Feng-Hua Wang Xiao-Tian Zhang Yuan-Fang Li Lei Tang Xiu-Juan Qu Jie-Er Ying Jun Zhang Ling-Yu Sun Rong-Bo Lin Hong Qiu Chang Wang Miao-Zhen Qiu Mu-Yan Cai QiWu Hao Liu Wen-Long Guan Ai-Ping Zhou Yu-Jing Zhang Tian-Shu Liu Feng Bi Xiang-Lin Yuan Sheng-Xiang Rao Yan Xin Wei-Qi Sheng Hui-Mian Xu Guo-Xin Li Jia-Fu Ji Zhi-Wei Zhou Han Liang Yan-Qiao Zhang Jing Jin Lin Shen Jin Li Rui-Hua Xu | 2021 | Cancer Communications2021，41，8： | 97 |
| 2 | A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus(Isolate BJ01)显示文摘The genome sequence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-associated virus provides essential information for the identification of pathogen(s), exploration of etiology and evolution, interpretation of transmission and pathogenesis, development of diagnostics, prevention by future vaccination, and treatment by developing new drugs. We report the complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of an isolate (BJ01) of the coronavirus that has been recognized as a pathogen for SARS. The genome is 29725 nt in size and has 11 ORFs (Open Reading Frames). It is composed of a stable region encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (composed of 2 ORFs) and a variable region representing 4 CDSs (coding sequences) for viral structural genes (the S, E, M, N proteins) and 5 PUPs (putative uncharacterized proteins). Its gene order is identical to that of other known coronaviruses. The sequence alignment with all known RNA viruses places this virus as a member in the family of Coronaviridae. Thirty putative substitutions have been identified by comparative analysis of the 5 SARS- associated virus genome sequences in GenBank. Fifteen of them lead to possible amino acid changes (non-synonymous mutations) in the proteins. Three amino acid changes, with predicted alteration of physical and chemical features, have been detected in the S protein that is postulated to beinvolved in the immunoreactions between the virus and its host. Two amino acid changes have been detected in the Mprotein, which could be related to viral envelope formation. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the possibility of non-human origin of the SARS-associated viruses but provides noevidence that they are man-made. Further efforts should focus on identifying the etiology of the SARS-associated virus and ruling out conclusively the existence of otherpossible SARS-related pathogen(s). | QIN E'de ZHU Qingyu YU Man FAN Baochang CHANG Guohui SI Bingyin YANG Bao PENG Wenming JIANG Tao LIU Bohua DENG Yongqiang LIU Hong ZHANG Yu WANG Cui LI Yuquan GAN Yonghua LI Xiaoyu L Fushuang TAN Gang CAO Wuchun, YANG Ruifu Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China WANG Jian, LI Wei, XU Zuyuan, LI Yan, WU Qingfa, LIN Wei, CHEN Weijun, TANG Lin, DENG Yajun, HAN Yujun, LI Changfeng, LEI Meng, LI Guoqing, LI Wenjie, L Hong, SHI Jianping, TONG Zongzhong, ZHANG Feng, LI Songgang, LIU Bin, LIU Siqi, DONG Wei, WANG Jun, Gane K-S Wong, YU Jun & YANG Huanming* Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300 National Center for Genome Information, Beijing 101300, China | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，10： | 121 |
| 3 | New eolian red clay sequence on the western Chinese Loess Plateau linked to onset of Asian desertification about 25 Ma ago显示文摘The expansion of inland Asia deserts has considerably influenced the environmental, social and economic activities in Asia. Aridification of inland Asia, especially timing of the initiation of Asian desertification, is a contentious topic in paleoclimatology. Late Cenozoic eolian loess-red clay sequences on the Chinese Loess Plateau, which possess abundant paleoclimatic and paleo-environmental information, can be regarded as an indicator of inland Asia desertification. Here we present a detailed magnetostratigraphic investigation of a new red clay sequence about 654 m in Zhuanglang located at the western Chinese Loess Plateau. Sedimentological, geochemical, mineralogical, and quartz morphological lines of evidence show that the red clay is of eolian origin. Magnetostratigraphic correlations indicate that this core sequence spans from 25.6 to 4.8 Ma, and typical eolian red clay appears as early as 25 Ma. This extends the lower limit of the red clay on the Chinese Loess Plateau from the previously thought early Miocene back into the late Oligocene. This new red clay record further implies that the inland Asia desertification was initiated at least by the late Oligocene. This sequence provides a unique high-resolution geological record for understanding the inland Asia desertification process since the late Oligocene. | QIANG XiaoKe AN ZhiSheng SONG YouGui CHANG Hong SUN YouBin LIU WeiGuo AO Hong DONG JiBao FU ChaoFeng WU Feng LU FengYan CAI YanJun ZHOU WeiJian CAO JunJi XU XinWen AI Li | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，1： | 73 |
| 4 | The Association of Maternal Body Composition and Dietary Intake with the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during the Second Trimester in a Cohort of Chinese Pregnant Women显示文摘Objective To investigate the association of maternal body composition and dietary intake with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM). Methods A total 154 GDM subjects and 981 controls were enrolled in a prospective cohort study in 11 hospitals from May 20, 2012 to December 31, 2013. Bioelectrical impedance analysis and dietary surveys were used to determine body composition and to evaluate the intake of nutrients in subjects at 21-24 weeks' gestation(WG). Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the relationships of maternal body composition and dietary intake with the risk of GDM morbidity. Results Age, pre-pregnant body weight(BW), and body mass index(BMI) were associated with increased risk of GDM. Fat mass(FM), fat mass percentage(FMP), extracellular water(ECW), BMI, BW, energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates at 21-24 WG were associated with an increased risk of GDM. In contrast, fat free mass(FFM), muscular mass(MM), and intracellular water(ICW) were associated with a decreased risk of GDM. Conclusion Maternal body composition and dietary intake during the second trimester of pregnancy were associated with the risk of GDM morbidity. | Xu Qing Gao Zhi Ying Li Li Ming Wang Lu Zhang Qian Teng Yue Zhao Xia Ge Sheng Jing Hong Jiang Yang Yong Tao Liu Xiao Jun Lyu Chun Jian Mao Lun Yu Xiao Ming Liu Ying Hua Kong Ai Jing Yang Xue Yan Liu Zhao Zhang Yong Wang Jin Zhang Xin Sheng Xue Chang Yong Lu Yan Ping | 2016 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences2016，29，1： | 29 |
| 5 | Feeding of Riptortus pedestris on soybean plants, the primary cause of soybean staygreen syndrome in the Huang-Huai-Hai river basin显示文摘Staygreen syndrome or Zhengqing in soybean has recently become a major issue for Chinese growers in the Huang-Huai-Hai river basin.Although previous studies revealed that staygreen can be induced when pods/seeds are damaged, it is unknown whether virus infection or insect infestation causes staygreen.To determine whether viral infection causes staygreen, a survey of soybean staygreen incidence in the Huang-Huai-Hai river basin was conducted in 2016 and 2017.Diseased samples were collected and analyzed using DAS-ELISA for Soybean mosaic virus, Watermelon mosaic virus, Bean pod mottle virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, and Bean common mosaic virus.The survey showed that the severity of soybean staygreen syndrome was most prevalent in Beijing, Henan, Shaanxi, and some parts of Shandong provinces, with yield losses from 0 to nearly 100%, but only a small fraction of samples were positive for the tested viruses.A field cage experiment and an insecticide treatment field trial were conducted to determine the contribution of the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, to staygreen incidence.The field cage experiment showed that R.pedestris treatment resulted in shorter plants, more empty pods, increased numbers of abnormal seeds, and decreased yields.The field experiment showed that there were fewer R.pedestris and less soybean staygreen incidence in fields treated with insecticide than in untreated control fields.Together, these results suggest that R.pedestris infestation rather than virus infection induces staygreen syndrome and that growers in this region can mitigate staygreen syndrome via bean bug control. | Kai Li Xinxin Zhang Jianqiu Guo Hannah Penn Tingting Wu Lin Li Hong Jiang Lidan Chang Cunxiang Wu Tianfu Han | 2019 | The Crop Journal2019，7，3： | 30 |
| 6 | Phytochromes Regulate SA and JA Signaling Pathways in Rice and Are Required for Developmentally Controlled Resistance to Magnaporthe grisea显示文摘野类型的米饭植物的旧叶子(Oryza sativa L。cv。Nipponbare ) 比新叶子对强风真菌(Magnaporthe grisea ) 更抵抗。相反,米饭 phytochrome 三元组异种(phyAphyBphyC ) 的旧、新的叶子产生强风真菌。我们表明那个致病相关的班 1 (PR1 ) 蛋白质很快并且强烈在 M 期间被导致。grisea 感染和后面的外长的 jasmonate (JA ) 或水杨酸酸(SA ) 在旧叶子,然而并非在新叶子的暴露野类型。相反, PR1 蛋白质的累积显著地在 phyAphyBphyC 异种的旧、新的叶子被稀释。这些结果建议 phytochromes 在米饭为 PR1 蛋白质的正式就职被要求。PR1a 和 PR1b 的基础抄写层次是实质地更高的在象与 phyAphyBphyC 异种相比野类型,也建议那 phytochromes 为 PR1 基因的基础表示被要求。而且,知道在 SA 依赖或 JA 依赖的防卫小径工作的基因的抄本层次到叶年龄和功能的 phytochromes 被调整。一起拿,我们的调查结果证明 phytochromes 为年龄相关的抵抗在米饭被要求到 M。grisea 并且可以间接地由调整 SA 依赖、 JA 依赖的防卫小径增加 PR1 基因表示。 | Xian-Zhi Xie Yan-Jiu Xue Jin-Jun Zhou Bin Zhang Hong Chang Makoto Takano | 2011 | Molecular Plant2011，4，4： | 28 |
| 7 | Robot-assisted one-stage resection of rectal cancer with liver and lung metastases显示文摘The Da Vinci Surgical System may help to overcome some of the difficulties of laparoscopy for complicated abdominal surgery.The authors of this article present a case of robot-assisted, one-stage radical resection of three tumors, including robotic anterior resection for rectal cancer, segmental hepatectomy for liver metastasis, and wedge-shaped excision for lung metastasis.A 59-year-old man with primary rectal cancer and liver and lung metastases was operated upon with a one-stage radical resection approach using the Da Vinci Surgical System.Resection and anastomosis of rectal cancer were performed extracorporeally afterundocking the robot.The procedure was successfully completed in 500 min.No surgical complications occurred during the intervention and postoperative period, and no conversion to laparotomy or additional trocars were required.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of simultaneous resection for rectal cancer with liver and lung metastases using the Da Vinci Surgery System to be reported.The procedure is feasible and safe and its main advantages for patient are avoiding repeated operation, reducing surgical trauma, shortening recovery time, and early implementation of postoperative adjuvant therapy. | Jian-Min Xu Ye Wei Xiao-Ying Wang Hong Fan Wen-Ju Chang Li Ren Wei Jiang Jia Fan Xin-Yu Qin | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，9： | 23 |
| 8 | Treatment strategies using adefovir dipivoxil for individuals with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B显示文摘AIM:To investigate retrospectively the long-term efficacy of various treatment strategies using adefovir dipivoxil(adefovir) in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B.METHODS:We included 154 consecutive patients in two treatment groups:the 'add-on' group(n = 79),in which adefovir was added to ongoing lamivudine treatment due to lamivudine resistance,and the 'switch/combination' group(n = 75),in which lamivudine was first switched to adefovir and then re-added later as needed.The 'switch/combination' group was then divided into two subgroups depending on whether participants followed(group A,n = 30) or violated(group B,n = 45) a proposed treatment strategy that determined whether to add lamivudine based on the serum hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA levels(< 60 IU/mL or not) after 6 mo of treatment(roadmap concept).RESULTS:The cumulative probability of virologic response(HBV DNA < 60 IU/mL) was higher in group A than in the 'add-on' group and in group B(P < 0.001).In contrast,the cumulative probability of virologic breakthrough was lower in the 'add-on' group than in group B(P = 0.002).Furthermore,the risk of virologic breakthrough in the multivariate analysis was significantly lower in the 'add-on' group than in group A(hazard ratio = 0.096;95%CI,0.015-0.629;P = 0.015).CONCLUSION:The selective combination of adefovir with lamivudine based upon early treatment responses increased the odds of virologic breakthrough relative to the use of uniform combination therapy from the beginning of treatment. | Tae Jung Yun Jin Yong Jung Chang Ha Kim Soon Ho Um Hyonggin An Yeon Seok Seo Jin Dong Kim Hyung Joon Yim Bora Keum Yong Sik Kim Yoon Tae Jeen Hong Sik Lee Hoon Jai Chun Chang Duck Kim Ho Sang Ryu | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，47： | 19 |
| 9 | Climatic Effects of Air Pollutants over China:A Review显示文摘Tropospheric ozone(O3) and aerosols are major air pollutants in the atmosphere. They have also made significant contributions to radiative forcing of climate since preindustrial times. With its rapid economic development, concentrations of air pollutants are relatively high in China; hence, quantifying the role of air pollutants in China in regional climate change is especially important. This review summarizes existing knowledge with regard to impacts of air pollutants on climate change in China and defines critical gaps needed to reduce the associated uncertainties. Measured monthly, seasonal, and annual mean surface-layer concentrations of O3 and aerosols over China are compiled in this work, with the aim to show the magnitude of concentrations of O3 and aerosols over China and to provide datasets for evaluation of model results in future studies. Ground-based and satellite measurements of O3 column burden and aerosol optical properties, as well as model estimates of radiative forcing by tropospheric O3 and aerosols are summarized. We also review regional and global modeling studies that have investigated climate change driven by tropospheric O3and/or aerosols in China; the predicted sign and magnitude of the responses in temperature and precipitation to O3/aerosol forcings are presented. Based on this review, key priorities for future research on the climatic effects of air pollutants in China are highlighted. | LIAO Hong CHANG Wenyuan YANG Yang | 2015 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2015，32，1： | 19 |
| 10 | Comparison of Undernutrition Prevalence of Children under 5 Years in China between 2002 and 2013显示文摘Objective To describe the undernutrition status of children under 5-year in China, and study the trend between 2002 and 2013. Methods The study was based on two national surveys. Undernutrition was determined against WHO's 2006 growth standards. The prevalence in 2013 and 2002 was weighted by China sixth National Population Census(2010). The relationship between undernutrition and gender/age groups/different areas use weighted logistic regression. Results The results indicated the overall prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting of Chinese children under 5-year was 8.1%, 2.4%, and 1.9% in 2013, respectively. The prevalence of stunting was higher for children aged 12-47 month, while underweight was higher for children aged 48-59 month. The prevalence of undernutrition was higher in rural areas than in urban areas, especially in poor rural areas. There was a decline of stunting, underweight, and wasting between 2002 and 2013 among the children, with greater reduction in rural areas than in urban areas. Conclusion The prevalence of undernutrition of children under 5-year remains high in rural areas especially in poor rural areas in China. It is urgent to take action to control undernutrition in the vulnerable areas and subgroups. | YU Dong Mei ZHAO Li Yun YANG Zhen Yu CHANG Su Ying YU Wen Tao FANG Hong Yun WANG Xun YU Dan GUO Qi Ya XU Xiao Li FANG Yue Hui ZHAO Wen Hua YANG Xiao Guang DING Gang Qiang LIANG Xiao Feng | 2016 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences2016，29，3： | 18 |
| 11 | Water quality criteria research and progress显示文摘Water quality criteria (WQC) are threshold limits for pollutants or other hazard factors in the ambient water environment, which are based on scientific experiments and extrapolations. Until now, there is limited information available regarding the study of water quality criteria in China. It is imperative to launch national-level systematic WQC studies that focus on the regional characteristics of China and provide scientific support for the enactment or revision of water quality standards and environmental management. This article reviews the concept of WQC and discusses the methodology and global progress of WQC research. The article also summarizes the key scientific issues in WQC research, including species sensitivity distribution, toxicological endpoint selection, and models selection. Furthermore, we can adopt the derivation method used in the USA and divide WQC into acute and chronic criteria. Finally, considering the current status of WQC research in China, we point out important directions for future national studies, including the selection of native species and the comprehensive use of models. | FENG ChengLian WU FengChang ZHAO XiaoLi LI HuiXian CHANG Hong | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，6： | 18 |
| 12 | Outcomes of endoscopic sphincterotomy vs open choledochotomy for common bile duct stones显示文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) for the management of common bile duct stones(CBDS) is used increasingly widely because it is a minimally invasive procedure. However, some clinical practitioners argued that EST may be complicated by post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)pancreatitis(PEP) and accompanied by a higher recurrence of CBDS than open choledochotomy(OCT). Whether any differences in outcomes exist between these two approaches for treating CBDS has not been thoroughly elucidated to date.AIM To compare the outcomes of EST vs OCT for the management of CBDS and to clarify the risk factors associated with stone recurrence.METHODS Patients who underwent EST or OCT for CBDS between January 2010 and December 2012 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Follow-up data were obtained through telephone or by searching the medical records. Statistical analysis was carried out for 302 patients who had a follow-up period of at least 5 years or had a recurrence. Propensity score matching(1:1) was performed to adjust for clinical differences. A logistic regression model was used to identify potential risk factors for recurrence, and a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was generated for qualifying independent risk factors.RESULTS In total, 302 patients undergoing successful EST(n = 168) or OCT(n = 134) were enrolled in the study and were followed for a median of 6.3 years. After propensity score matching, 176 patients remained, and all covariates were balanced. EST was associated with significantly shorter time to relieving biliary obstruction, anesthetic duration, procedure time, and hospital stay than OCT(P <0.001). The number of complete stone clearance sessions increased significantly in the EST group(P = 0.009). The overall incidence of complications and mortality did not differ significantly between the two groups. Recurrent CBDS occurred in18.8%(33/176) of the patients overall, but no difference was found between the EST(20.5%, 18/88) and OCT(17.0%, 15/88) groups. Factors associated with CBDS recurrence included common bile duct(CBD) diameter > 15 mm(OR =2.72; 95%CI: 1.26-5.87; P = 0.011), multiple CBDS(OR = 5.09; 95%CI: 2.58-10.07; P< 0.001), and distal CBD angle ≤ 145°(OR = 2.92; 95%CI: 1.54-5.55; P = 0.001). The prediction model incorporating these factors demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81(95%CI: 0.76-0.87).CONCLUSION EST is superior to OCT with regard to time to biliary obstruction relief, anesthetic duration, procedure time, and hospital stay and is not associated with an increased recurrence rate or mortality compared with OCT in the management of CBDS. | Xiao-Dong Zhou Qiao-Feng Chen Yuan-Yuan Zhang Ming-Ju Yu Chang Zhong Zhi-Jian Liu Guo-Hua Li Xiao-Jiang Zhou Jun-Bo Hong You-Xiang Chen | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，4： | 17 |
| 13 | Recurrence after endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection for large sessile colorectal polyps显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the safety and outcomes of endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection (EPMR) for large sessile colorectal polyps. METHODS: The patients enrolled in this study were 47 patients with 50 large sessile polyps (diameter, 2 cm or greater) who underwent EPMR using a submucosal saline injection technique between December 2002 and October 2005. All medical records, including characteristics of the patients and polyps, complications, and recurrences, were retrospectively reviewed. The first follow-up endoscopic examination was performed at 3-6 mo after initial endoscopic resection, and the second at 12 mo postEPMR. Subsequent surveillance colonoscopic examinations were individualized, taking risk factors into account. RESULTS: The patients were 23 men and 24 women,with a mean age of 60 years. Mean polyp size was 30.1 mm. Of 50 polyps identified, 34 (68%) were benign and 16 (32%) were malignant. There were 6 (12%) cases with EPMR-related bleeding: 5 intra-procedural and 1 early post-procedural bleeding. All bleeding episodes were managed by endoscopic clipping or argon beam coagulation. There were no perforations. Recurrence was identified in 5 cases (12.2%): 4 local recurrences detected at 3 mo post-EPMR and 1 local recurrence detected at 14 mo post-EPMR. The recurrence rate after EPMR was 3.1% for benign polyps and 33.3% for malignant polyps (P < 0.05). Median follow-up time was 37 mo. CONCLUSION: EPMR is safe, but should be applied carefully in malignant polyps. Close follow-up endoscopic examinations are necessary for early detection of recurrence. | Guh Jung Seo Dae Kyung Sohn Kyung Su Han Chang Won Hong Byung Chang Kim Ji Won Park Hyo Seong Choi Hee Jin Chang Jae Hwan Oh | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，22： | 17 |
| 14 | Tooth regeneration: a revolution in stomatology and evolution in regenerative medicine显示文摘A tooth is a complex biological organ and consists of multiple tissues including the enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp. Tooth loss is the most common organ failure. Can a tooth be regenerated? Can adult stem cells be orchestrated to regenerate tooth structures such as the enamel, dentin, cementum and dental pulp, or even an entire tooth? If not, what are the therapeutically viable sources of stem cells for tooth regeneration? Do stem cells necessarily need to be taken out of the body, and manipulated ex vivo before they are transplanted for tooth regeneration? How can regenerated teeth be economically competitive with dental implants? Would it be possible to make regenerated teeth affordable by a large segment of the population worldwide? This review article explores existing and visionary approaches that address some of the above-mentioned questions. Tooth regeneration represents a revolution in stomatology as a shift in the paradigm from repair to regeneration: repair is by metal or artificial materials whereas regeneration is by biological restoration. Tooth regeneration is an extension of the concepts in the broad field of regenerative medicine to restore a tissue defect to its original form and function by biological substitutes. | Sibel Yildirim Susan Y. Fu Keith Kim Hong Zhou Chang Hun Lee Ang Li Sahng Gyoon Kim Shuang Wang Jeremy J. Mao | 2011 | International Journal of Oral Science2011，3，3： | 16 |
| 15 | Occurrence of sulfonamide antibiotics in sewage treatment plants显示文摘The occurrence of sulfonamide antibiotics(SAs) was investigated in the six sewage treatment plants(STPs) of Beijing,China.Of the 13 objective antibiotics,sulfamethoxazole,sulfapyridine,sulfamerazine,sulfadiazine and sulfamethizol were detected in the influents with the average concentrations of 1.2 ± 0.45,0.29 ± 0.25,0.048 ± 0.012,0.35 ± 0.52 and 0.33 ± 0.21 μg·L-1,respectively,and those in the effluents were 1.4 ± 0.74,0.22 ± 0.19,0.021 ± 0.008,0.22 ± 0.21and 0.01± 0 μg·L-1,respectively.Sulfamethoxazole was the predominant compound detected,and was found in all wastewater samples with the other two compounds sulfapyridine and sulfamerazine.It should be noted that sulfadiazine was first reported in wastewaters,and the concentration levels of all detected compounds except for sulfamethizol(detected once in the effluent samples) in the influents were observed to be similar to those in the effluents.From the data in this study,it can be found that sulfamethoxazole,sulfapyridine,sulfamerazine and sulfadiazine could be partly removed in anoxic and aerobic treatment unit and vice versa in anaerobic process,which led to their low or even negative removal rates in the effluents.The increase on the concentrations of sulfamethoxazole and sulfapyridine in the effluents was found probably due to the biotransformation of their acetylated forms in anaerobic treatment unit.In addition,it was observed that the biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole and sulfapyridine could partly occur during the anoxic and aerobic process,while sulfamerazine was partly eliminated in the anaerobic and anoxic units. | CHANG Hong HU JianYing WANG LeZheng SHAO Bing | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，4： | 15 |
| 16 | Using Hourly Measurements to Explore the Role of Secondary Inorganic Aerosol in PM_(2.5)during Haze and Fog in Hangzhou, China显示文摘This paper explores the role of the secondary inorganic aerosol(SIA) species ammonium, NH+4, nitrate, NO-3, and sulfate,SO2-4, during haze and fog events using hourly mass concentrations of PM2.5measured at a suburban site in Hangzhou,China. A total of 546 samples were collected between 1 April and 8 May 2012. The samples were analyzed and classified as clear, haze or fog depending on visibility and relative humidity(RH). The contribution of SIA species to PM2.5mass increased to ~50% during haze and fog. The mass contribution of nitrate to PM2.5increased from 11% during clear to 20%during haze episodes. Nitrate mass exceeded sulfate mass during haze, while near equal concentrations were observed during fog episodes. The role of RH on the correlation between concentrations of SIA and visibility was examined, with optimal correlation at 60%–70% RH. The total acidity during clear, haze and fog periods was 42.38, 48.38 and 45.51 nmol m-3,respectively, indicating that sulfate, nitrate and chloride were not neutralized by ammonium during any period. The nitrate to sulfate molar ratio, as a function of the ammonium to sulfate molar ratio, indicated that nitrate formation during fog started at a higher ammonium to sulfate molar ratio compared to clear and haze periods. During haze and fog, the nitrate oxidation ratio increased by a factor of 1.6–1.7, while the sulfur oxidation ratio increased by a factor of 1.2–1.5, indicating that both gaseous NO2 and SO2were involved in the reduced visibility. | Roeland Cornelis JANSEN SHI Yang CHEN Jianmin HU YunJie XU Chang HONG Shengmao LI Jiao ZHANG Min | 2014 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2014，31，6： | 15 |
| 17 | Colonic J-pouch anal anastomosis after ultralow anterior resection with upper sphincter excision for low-lying rectal cancer显示文摘AIM: There is some evidence of functional superiority of colonic J-pouch over straight coloanal anastomosis (CAA)in ultralow anterior resection (ULAR) or intersphincteric resection. On the assumption that colonic J-pouch anal anastomosis is superior to straight CAA in ULAR with upper sphincter excision (USE: excision of the upper part of the internal sphincter) for low-lying rectal cancer, we compare functional outcome of colonic J-pouch vs the straight CAA.METHODS: Fifty patients of one hundred and thirty-three rectal cancer patients in whom lower margin of the tumors were located between 3 and 5 cm from the anal verge received ULAR including USE from September 1998 to January 2002. Patients were randomized for reconstruction using either a straight (n = 26) or a colonic J-pouch anastomosis (n = 24) with a temporary diverting-loop ileostomy. All patients were followed-up prospectively by a standardized questionnaire [Fecal Inco-ntinence Severity Index (FISI) scores and Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life (FIQL) scales].RESULTS: We found that, compared to straight anastomosis patients, the frequency of defecation was significantly lower in J-pouch anastomosis patients for 10 mo afterileostomy takedown. The FISI scores and FIQL scales were significantly better in J-pouch patients than in straight patients at both 3 and 12 mo after ileostomy takedown.Furthermore, we found that FISI scores highly correlated with FIQL scales.CONCLUSION: This study indicates that colonic J-pouch anal anastomosis decreases the severity of fecal incontinence and improves the quality of life for 10 mo after ileostomy takedown in patients undergoing ULAR with USE forlow-lying rectal cancer. | Jae-Gahb Park Min Ro Lee Seok-Byung Lim Chang Won Hong Sang Nam Yoon Sung-Bum Kang Seung Chul Heo Seung-Yong Jeong Kyu Joo Park | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，17： | 15 |
| 18 | Application of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in disease models显示文摘Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hUCB-MSCs) are regarded as an alternative source of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells because collection of cord blood is less invasive than that of bone marrow.hUCB-MSCs have recently been studied for evaluation of their potential as a source of cell therapy.In this review,the general characteristics of hUCBMSCs and their therapeutic effects on various diseases in vitro and in vivo will be discussed. | Ju-Yeon Kim Hong Bae Jeon Yoon Sun Yang Wonil Oh Jong Wook Chang | 2010 | World Journal of Stem Cells2010，2，2： | 14 |
| 19 | AtPRK2 Promotes ROP1 Activation via RopGEFs in the Control of Polarized Pollen Tube Growth显示文摘ROP1 在 Arabidopsis 花粉试管的基于 GTPase 的发信号网络控制尖端生长。我们的以前的研究暗示 ROP1 可能被 RopGEF1 直接激活,它属于一可以被一个未知因素 plant-specificfamily 通过 releasingRopGEF1s 汽车抑制 Rho guanine 核苷酸交换因素(RopGEFs ) 并且接着激活。在这研究,我们发现 RopGEF1 与 ROP1 和 AtPRK2 形成建筑群,以前显示出与 RopGEFs 交往的像受体的 proteinkinase。在 vitro 和 atprk1,2,5 三元组异种的 AtPRK2 phosphorylated RopGEF1 显示出有缺点的花粉试管生长,类似于 ropgef1,9,12,14 的显型四倍的异种。AtPRK2 (DN-PRK2 ) 的一种主导的否定形式的 Overexpression 在 Arabidopsis 禁止了花粉萌芽并且在烟草减少了花粉延伸。DN-PRK2-induced 花粉萌芽缺点被 overexpressing 救 RopGEF1 的一种 constitutivelyactive 形式, RopGEF1 (90457 ) ,暗示那 RopGEF1 AtPRK2 下游地行动。而且,而 DN-PRK2 减少了 ROP1, AtPRK2 在顶端的血浆膜增加了 ROP1activity 活动。最后,在 RopGEF1 (RopGEF1S460A 和 RopGEF1S480A ) 的 C 终端 putativephosphorylation 地点的二个变化在 vivo 消除了 RopGEF1 的功能。一起拿,我们的结果支持 AtPRK2 作为由通过 phosphorylation.Key 词激活 RopGEF1 多半表明 pathwaymost 的 ROP1 的一个积极管理者扮演的假设: | Fang Chang Ying Gu Hong Ma Zhenbiao Yang | 2013 | Molecular Plant2013，6，4： | 14 |
| 20 | Binding Activity Difference of Anti-CD20 scFv-Fc Fusion Protein Derived from Variable Domain Exchange显示文摘Two novel engineered antibody fragments binding to antigen CD20 were generated by fusing a murine IgM-type anti-CD20 single-chain Fv fragment (scFv) to the human IgG1 CH2 (i.e., Cγ2) and CH3 (i.e., Cγ3) domains with the human IgG1 hinge (i.e. Hγ). Given the relationship between structure and function of protein, the 3-D structures of the two engineered antibody fragments were modeled using computer-aided homology modeling method. Furthermore, the relationship between 3-D conformation and their binding activity was evaluated theoretically. Due to the change of active pocket formed by CDRs, the HL23 (VH-Linker-VL-Hγ-Cγ2-Cγ3) remained its activity because of its preserved conformation, while the binding activity of the LH23 (VL-Linker-VH-Hγ-Cγ2-Cγ3) was impaired severely. Experimental studies by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy showed that HL23 possessed significantly superior binding activity to CD20-expressing target cells than LH23. That is to say, the order of variable regions could influence the binding activity of the fusion protein to CD20+ cell lines, which was in accordance with the theoretical results. The study highlights the potential relationship between the antibody binding activity and their 3-D conformation, which appears to be worthwhile in providing direction for future antibody design of recombinant antibody. | Shusheng Geng Jiannan Feng Yan Li Yingxun Sun Xin Gu Ying Huang Yugang Wang Xianjiang Kang Hong Chang Beifen Shen | 2006 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2006，3，6： | 13 |
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