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| 1 | The distribution rule and seepage effect of the fractures in the ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir in east Gansu Province,Ordos Basin显示文摘To study the impact of the fractures on development in the ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir of the Yangchang Formation of the Upper Triassic in the Ordos Basin,data on outcrops,cores,slices,well logging and experiments are utilized to analyze the cause of the formation of the fractures,their distribution rules and the control factors and discuss the seepage flow effect of the fractures. In the studied area developed chiefly high-angle tectonic fractures and horizontal bedding fractures,inter-granular fractures and grain boundary fractures as well. Grain boundary fractures and intragranular fractures serve as vital channels linking intragranular pores and intergranular solution pores in the reservoir matrix,thus providing a good connectivity between the pores in the ultra-low perme-ability sandstone reservoir. The formation of fractures and their distribution are influenced by such external and internal factors as the palaeo-tectonic stress field,the reservoir lithological character,the thickness of the rock layer and the anisotropy of a layer. The present-day stress field influences the preservative state of fractures and their seepage flow effect. Under the tec-tonic effect of both the Yanshan and Himalayan periods,in this region four sets of fractures are distributed,respectively assuming the NE-SW,NW-SE,nearly E-W and nearly S-N orientations,but,due to the effect of the rock anisotropy of the rock formation,in some part of it two groups of nearly orthogonal fractures are chiefly distributed. Under the effect of the present-day stress field,the fractures that assume the NE-SW direction have a good connectivity,big apertures,a high permeability and a minimum starting pressure,all of which are main advantages of the seepage fractures in this region. With the development of oilfields,the permeability of the fractures of dif-ferent directions will have a dynamic change. | ZENG LianBo1,GAO ChunYu2,QI JiaFu1,WANG YongKang2,LI Liang2 & QU XueFeng2 1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 2 Changqing Oilfield Branch,PetroChina,Xi’an 163517,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S2： | 22 |
| 2 | Expression of human cytomegalovirus components in the brain tissues of patients with Rasmussen's encephalitis显示文摘Rasmussen's encephalitis(RE) is a rare and severe progressive epileptic syndrome with unknown etiology. Infection by viruses, including human cytomegalovirus(HCMV), has been speculated to be a potential trigger for RE. However, no viral antigens have been detected in the brains of patients with RE; thus, a possible clinical linkage between viral infections and RE has not been firmly established. In this study, we evaluated the expression of HCMV pp65 antigen in brain sections from 26 patients with RE and 20 non-RE patients by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, and assessed the associations between HCMV infection and clinical parameters.Elevated expression of HCMV pp65 protein and DNA was observed in 88.5%(23/26) and 69.2%(18/26) of RE cases, respectively. In the non-RE group, HCMV pp65 antigen was detected only in two cases(10%), both of which were negative for DNA staining. Additionally, the intensity of HCMV pp65 staining was correlated with a shorter duration of the prodromal stage, younger age of seizure onset, and more severe unilateral cortical atrophy. Elevated expression of HCMV pp65 was observed in RE brain tissue and was correlated with the clinical features of RE disease. In summary, our results suggested that HCMV infection may be involved in the occurrence and progression of RE disease. Thus, further studies are needed to determine whether early treatment with anti-HCMV antibodies could modulate the course of RE. | Yao Zhang Yisong Wang Sichang Chen Shuai Chen Yuguang Guan Changqing Liu Tianfu Li Guoming Luan Jing An | 2017 | Virologica Sinica2017，32，2： | 9 |
| 3 | A fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling and its applications显示文摘We propose a fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling(FTEEM) in order to apply it into the fields of ecology and environmental science more easily after the fundamental theorem for Earth’s surface system modeling(FTESM). The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region is taken as a case area to conduct empirical studies of algorithms for spatial upscaling, spatial downscaling, spatial interpolation, data fusion and model-data assimilation, which are based on high accuracy surface modelling(HASM), corresponding with corollaries of FTEEM. The case studies demonstrate how eco-environmental surface modelling is substantially improved when both extrinsic and intrinsic information are used along with an appropriate method of HASM. Compared with classic algorithms, the HASM-based algorithm for spatial upscaling reduced the root-meansquare error of the BTH elevation surface by 9 m. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial downscaling reduced the relative error of future scenarios of annual mean temperature by 16%. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial interpolation reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean precipitation by 0.2%. The HASM-based algorithm for data fusion reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean temperature by 70%. The HASM-based algorithm for model-data assimilation reduced the relative error of carbon stocks by 40%. We propose five theoretical challenges and three application problems of HASM that need to be addressed to improve FTEEM. | Tianxiang YUE Na ZHAO Yu LIU Yifu WANG Bin ZHANG Zhengping DU Zemeng FAN Wenjiao SHI Chuanfa CHEN Mingwei ZHAO Dunjiang SONG Shihai WANG Yinjun SONG Changqing YAN Qiquan LI Xiaofang SUN Lili ZHANG Yongzhong TIAN Wei WANG Ying’an WANG Shengnan MA Hongsheng HUANG Yimin LU Qing WANG Chenliang WANG Yuzhu WANG Ming LU Wei ZHOU Yi LIU Xiaozhe YIN Zong WANG Zhengyi BAO Miaomiao ZHAO Yapeng ZHAO Yimeng JIAO Ufra NASEER Bin FAN Saibo LI Yang YANG John PWILSON | 2020 | Science China Earth Sciences2020，63，8： | 7 |
| 4 | Geochemical characteristics and origin of gases from the Upper,Lower Paleozoic and the Mesozoic reservoirs in the Ordos Basin,China显示文摘The Ordos Basin,the second largest sedimentary basin in China,contains the broad distribution of natural gas types.So far,several giant gas fields have been discovered in the Upper and Lower Paleozoic in this basin,each having over 1000×10 8 m 3 of proven gas reserves,and several gas pools have also been discovered in the Mesozoic.This paper collected the data of natural gases and elucidated the geochemical characteristics of gases from different reservoirs,and then discussed their origin.For hydrocarbons preserved in the Upper Paleozoic,the elevatedδ13C values of methane,ethane and propane indicate that the gases would be mainly coal-formed gases;the singular reversal in the stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes suggests the mixed gases from humic sources with different maturity.In the Lower Paleozoic,theδ13C 1 values are mostly similar with those in the Upper Paleozoic,but theδ13C 2 andδ13C 3 values are slightly lighter,suggesting that the gases would be mixing of coal-type gases as a main member and oil-type gases.There are multiple reversals in carbon isotopes for gaseous alkanes,especially abnormal reversal for methane and ethane(i.e.δ13C 1 >δ13C 2 ),inferring that gases would be mixed between high-mature coal-formed gases and oil-type gases.In the Mesozoic,the δ13Cvalues for gaseous alkanes are enriched in 12C,indicating that the gases are mainly derived from sapropelic sources;the carbon isotopic reversal for propane and butane in the Mesozoic is caused by microbial oxidation and mixing of gases from sapropelic sources with different maturity.In contrast to the Upper Paleozoic gases,the Mesozoic gases are characterized by heavier carbon isotopes of iso-butane than normal butane,which may be caused by gases generated from different kerogen types. Finally,according toδ13C 1 -Ro relationship and extremely low total organic carbon contents,the Low Paleozoic gases would not be generated from the Ordovician source as a main gas source,bycontrast, the Upper Paleozoic source as a main gas source is contributed to the Lower Paleozoic gases. | HU AnPing 1 ,Li Jian 2 ,ZHANG WenZheng 3 ,LI ZhiSheng 2 ,HOU Lu 4 &LIU QuanYou 5 1 Department of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China 2 Langfang Branch,Reasearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Langfang 065007,China 3 Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710021,China 4 University of Petroleum,Beijing102249,China 5 PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S1： | 6 |
| 5 | High-throughput sequencing exclusively identified a novel Torque teno virus genotype in serum of a patient with fatal fever显示文摘Torque teno virus(TTV) has been found to be prevalent world-wide in healthy populations and in patients with various diseases, but its etiological role has not yet been determined. Using high-throughput unbiased sequencing to screen for viruses in the serum of a patient with persistent high fever who died of suspected viral infection and prolonged weakness, we identified the complete genome sequence of a TTV(isolate Hebei-1). The genome of TTV-Hebei-1 is 3649 bp in length, encoding four putative open reading frames, and it has a G+C content of 49%. Genomic comparison and a BLASTN search revealed that the assembled genome of TTV-Hebei-1 represented a novel isolate, with a genome sequence that was highly heterologous to the sequences of other reported TTV strains. A phylogenetic tree constructed using the complete genome sequence showed that TTV-Hebei-1 and an uncharacterized Taiwan Residents strain, TW53A37, constitute a new TTV genotype. The patient was strongly suspected of carrying a viral infection and died eventually without any other possible causes being apparent. No virus other than the novel TTV was identified in his serum sample. Although a direct causal link between the novel TTV genotype infection and the patient's disease could not be confirmed, the findings suggest that surveillance of this novel TTV genotype is necessary and that its role in disease deserves to be explored. | Zhiqiang Mi Xin Yuan Guangqian Pei Wei Wang Xiaoping An Zhiyi Zhang Yong Huang Fan Peng Shasha Li Changqing Bai Yigang Tong | 2014 | Virologica Sinica2014，29，2： | 4 |
| 6 | A low dead time vernier delay line TDC implemented in an actel flash-based FPGA显示文摘In this paper,a high precision vernier delay line(VDL) TDC(Time-to-Digital Convertor) in an actel flash-based Field-Programmable-Gate-Arrays A3PE1500 is implemented,achieving a resolution of 16.4-ps root mean square value or 42-ps averaged bin size.The TDC has a dead time of about 200 ns while the dynamic range is 655.36 μs.The double delay lines method is employed to cut the dead time in half to improve its performance.As the bin size of the TDC is dependent on temperature,a compensation algorithm is adopted as temperature drift correction,and the TDC shows satisfying performance in a temperature range from –5℃ to +55℃. | QIN Xi FENG Changqing ZHANG Deliang ZHAO Lei LIU Shubin AN Qi | 2013 | Nuclear Science and Techniques2013，24，4： | 4 |
| 7 | VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLFS OF NONLINEAR PIEZOTHERMOELASTIC MEDIA显示文摘Through the phenomenological approach,the nonlinear constitutive equations couplingthe electro/magnetic therrnoelastic media are derived.Several nonlinear variational principles forpiezothermoelastic continua are presented and employed to formulate the incremental variational princi-ples which are of important significance in practical applications such as the nonlinear finite elementanalysis,the buckling,postbuckling and dynamic stability analyses of piezoelectric smart structures. | Chen Changqing Shen Yapeng Tian Xiaogeng (Department of Engineering Mechanics,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China) | 1998 | Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica1998，11，1： | 4 |
| 8 | Primary migration and secondary alteration of the Upper Paleozoic gas reservoir in Ordos Basin,China―Application of fluid inclusion gases显示文摘The composition of fluid inclusions(FI)often represents the initial geochemical characteristics of palaeo-fluid in reservoir rock.Influence on composition and carbon isotopic composition of gas during primary migration,reservoir-forming and subsequent secondary alterations are discussed through comparing fluid inclusion gas with coal-formed gas and natural gas in present gas reservoirs in the Ordos Basin.The results show that primary migration of gas has significant effect on the molecular but not on the carbon isotopic composition of methane.Migration and diffusion fractionation took place during the secondary migration of gas in Upper Paleozoic gas reservoir according to carbon isotopic composition of methane in FIs.Composition and carbon isotopic composition of natural gas were nearly unchanged after the gas reservoir forming through comparing the FI gases with the natural gas in present gas reservoir. | GONG Se 1,2 ,PENG PingAn 1 ,SHUAI YanHua 3 ,DAI JinXing 3 &ZHANG WenZheng 4 1 Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China 2 Common Wealth Scientific and Research Organization,Petroleum Resources,PO Box 136,North Ryde,New South Wales,1670,Australia 3 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China 4 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Changqing Petroleum Corporation,Xi’an 710021,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S1： | 3 |
| 9 | Autologous fibroblasts induce fibrosis of the nucleus pulposus to maintain the stability of degenerative intervertebral discs显示文摘Lumbar degenerative disc diseases cause low back pain(LBP). The maintenance of the height and stability of the intervertebral disc(IVD) space is an effective treatment for LBP. The following study evaluated the effects of fibroblast injection on intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD) in a preclinical setting. Compared with the IDD group, the fibroblast treatment group demonstrated effective maintenance of IVD height, reduced endplate degeneration, and improved nuclear magnetic resonance signals and overall histological structure. In doing so, fibrotic IVDs maintained the stability and biomechanics of the vertebra. This finding is in agreement with clinical findings that human nucleus pulposus(NP) fibrosis is essential for the maintenance of IVD height and mechanical properties in patients following percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy(PELD). Mechanistically, we demonstrated that injected fibroblasts not only proliferated but also induced NP cells to adopt a fibrotic phenotype via the secretion of TGF-β.Finally, to better mimic human conditions, the efficacy of autologous fibroblast injection in the treatment of IDD was further examined in a nonhuman primate cynomolgus monkey model due to their capacity for upright posture. We showed that the injection of fibroblasts could maintain the IVD height and rescue IVD signals in cynomolgus monkeys. Taken together, the results of our study reveal that autologous fibroblast injection can enhance the natural process of fibrosis during acute and subacute stages of stress-induced IDD. Fibrotic IVDs can maintain the stability, biological activity, and mechanical properties of the intervertebral space, thus providing a new direction for the treatment of intervertebral space-derived lumbar degenerative diseases. | Chen Chen Tangjun Zhou Xiaojiang Sun Chen Han Kai Zhang Changqing Zhao Xunlin Li Haijun Tian Xiao Yang Yifan Zhou Zhiqian Chen An Qin Jie Zhao | 2020 | Bone Research2020，8，1： | 3 |
| 10 | Data Mapping Principles and Algorithm for Self-Configurable Systems显示文摘With the challenges brought by the expansion of network scale,as well as the diversity of the equipments and the complexity of network protocols,many self-configurable systems have been proposed combining formal specification and model finding techniques.In this paper,we pay more attention to formal specifications of network information,i.e.,exploring principles and algorithm to map network information(topology,devices and status,etc.) to Alloy specifications.We first model network information in relational form,which is easy to realize because of the structured feature of network information in nature.Then we map the relational data to Alloy specifications according to our novel data mapping principles and algorithm.Based on the transition of relational data,it is possible to automatically map network information to Alloy specifications.We evaluate our data mapping principles and algorithm by applying them to a practical application scenario.The results illustrate that we can find a model for the task within a tolerant time interval,which implies that our novel approach can convert relational data to Alloy specifications correctly and efficiently. | LI Fuliang AN Changqing YANG Jiahai WU Jianping WANG Xingwei XU Linchuan XU Xin | 2015 | China Communications2015，12，10： | 3 |
| 11 | Geochemical characteristics and source rock of Ordovician gas reservoir, Changqing Gasfield显示文摘Carbon isotopic composition of methane in Ordovician gas reservoir in the Changqing Gasfield can reflect the dominance of Upper Paleozoic coal-type gas despite its high mature degree. The 12C-rich ethane in the Ordovician reservoir (δ13C2 < - 29‰), known as a marker as oil-type gas, does not indicate the Ordovician marine carbonate as main source rock, it is be- | XIA Xinyu, ZHAO Lin, ZHANG Wenzheng and LI JianfengResearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China Changqing Petroleum Exploration Bureau, XL an 710021 , China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，20： | 2 |
| 12 | The C_(6)D_(6)detector system on the Back-n beam line of CSNS显示文摘Introduction The neutron capture cross sections are very important in the field of nuclear device design and basic physics research.Hydrogen-free liquid scintillator such as C_(6)D_(6)detectors are widely used in the neutron capture cross-sectional measurements for the low neutron sensitivity and fast time response.The Back-n white neutron source at China Spallation Neutron Source is the first spallation white neutron source in China,and it is suitable for neutron capture cross-sectional measurement.Materials and methods A C_(6)D_(6)detector system was built in the Back-n experimental station.The pulse height weighting technique was used to determine the system’s detection efficiency.The response to gamma rays of the C_(6)D_(6)detector was measured,and the energy resolution function was determined.Monte Carlo simulation with Geant4 code was carried out to get the weighting function of this C_(6)D_(6)detector system.Additionally,the systematic uncertainty of the weighting function was also determined.Conclusion According to the experimental and simulation results,this C_(6)D_(6)detector system can be used to measure neutron capture cross section. | Jie Ren Xichao Ruan Jie Bao Guangyuan Luan Wei Jiang Qi An Huaiyong Bai Ping Cao Qiping Chen Yonghao Chen Pinjing Cheng Zengqi Cui Ruirui Fan Changqing Feng Minhao Gu Fengqin Guo Changcai Han Zijie Han Guozhu He Yongcheng He Yuefeng He Hanxiong Huang Weiling Huang Xiru Huang Xiaolu Ji Xuyang Ji Haoyu Jiang Hantao Jing Ling Kang Mingtao Kang Bo Li Lun Li Qiang Li Xiao Li Yang Li Yang Li Rong Liu Shubin Liu Xingyan Liu Yinglin Ma Changjun Ning Binbin Qi Zhaohui Song Hong Sun Xiaoyang Sun Zhijia Sun Zhixin Tan Hongqing Tang Jingyu Tang Pengcheng Wang Qi Wang Taofeng Wang Yanfeng Wang Zhaohui Wang Zheng Wang Jie Wen Zhongwei Wen Qingbiao Wu Xiaoguang Wu Xuan Wu Likun Xie Yiwei Yang Han Yi Li Yu Tao Yu Yongji Yu Guohui Zhang Jing Zhang Linhao Zhang Liying Zhang Qingmin Zhang Qiwei Zhang Xianpeng Zhang Yuliang Zhang Zhiyong Zhang Yingtan Zhao Liang Zhou Zuying Zhou Danyang Zhu Kejun Zhu Peng Zhu | 2019 | Radiation Detection Technology and Methods2019，3，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Development of ZZC-1 ultrasonic testing system for centre bores of turbine rotors显示文摘General Great importance is being attached in the electric power in-dustry to the inspection of rotor shafts. This is because defects areusually concentrated at the central part of large forgings for makingrotors, some remnants of them may still remain after the centre borehas been drilled. Some rotors even have quite a number of defects atlocations rather remote from the centre bore. Working conditions for steam turbine rotors are very ex- | Zhang Zhiyong Chen Bingzhong Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute, MOE Qiu Changqing | 1992 | Electricity1992，，2： | 1 |
| 14 | MD-AVB: A Multi-Manifold Based Available Bandwidth Prediction Algorithm显示文摘The performance of Internet applications is heavily affected by the end-to-end available bandwidth. Thus,it is very important to examine how to accurately predict the available Internet bandwidth. A number of available bandwidth prediction algorithms have been proposed to date, but none of the existing solutions are able to achieve a high level of accuracy. In this paper, a Multi-manifold based Available Bandwidth prediction algorithm(MD-AVB)is proposed, based on the observation that the available bandwidth space on the Internet is multi-manifold and asymmetrical. In the proposed algorithm, the available bandwidth space is divided into multiple lower-dimensional domains iteratively, and each domain is embedded separately to predict the available bandwidth. Experiments on HP S^3 datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more accurate than existing approaches. | Pei Zhang Changqing An Zhanfeng Wang Fengyuan Ma | 2020 | Tsinghua Science and Technology2020，25，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Electronics of BESⅢ TOF monitor system显示文摘 | FENG Changqing LIU Shubin AN Qi | 2010 | Nuclear Science2010，57，2： | 1 |
| 16 | A low-energy ion spectrometer with half-space entrance for three-axis stabilized spacecraft显示文摘A low-energy ion spectrometer(LEIS) for use aboard three-axis stabilized spacecraft has been developed to measure ion energy per charge distribution in three-dimensional space with good energy-, angular-and temporal-resolutions. For the standard top-hat electrostatic analyzer used widely in space plasma detection, three-axis stabilized spacecraft makes it difficult to obtain complete coverage of all possible ion arrival directions. We have designed angular scanning deflectors supplementing to a cylindrically symmetric top-hat electrostatic analyzer to provide a half-space field of view as 360°×90°(–45°–+45°), and fabricated the LEIS flight model for detecting magnetospheric ions in geosynchronous orbit. The performance of this payload has been evaluated in detail by a series of simulation and environmental tests, and the payload has also been calibrated through laboratory experiments using a low-energy ion source. The results show that capabilities of the LEIS payload are in accordance with the requirements of a magnetospheric mission. | HU RenXiang SHAN Xu YUAN GuangYuan WANG ShuWen ZHANG WeiHang QI Wei CAO Zhe LI YiRen CHEN ManMing YANG XiaoPing WANG Bo SHAO SiPei LI Feng ZHONG XiaoQing FAN Dan HAO XinJun FENG ChangQing SU ZhenPeng SHEN ChengLong LI Xin DAI GuYue QIU BingLin PAN ZongHao LIU Kai XU ChunKai LIU ShuBin AN Qi ZHANG TieLong WANG YuMing CHEN XiangJun | 2019 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2019，62，6： | 1 |
| 17 | LUT-based non-linearity compensation for BES III TOF’s time measurement显示文摘The impact of the integral non-linearity (INL) to the time resolution of HPTDC (High Performance Time to Digital Converter) is presented in this paper.An INL correction method based on look-up table (LUT),is proposed to minimize such INL and improve the time resolution.This scheme is implemented in a single Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device for real-time compensation.The INL characteristic estimation is based on a statistical approach,in which a sufficiently large number of random input signals are measured.The prototype tests show that the deviation for time resolution due to INL can be reduced greatly,from more than 80 ps to less than 20 ps,which can meet the requirement of BES (Beijing Spectrometer) III Time-Of-Flight detector. | LIU Shubi FENG Changqing YAN Han AN Qi | 2010 | Nuclear Science and Techniques2010，21，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Three dimensional phase field study on the thickness effect of ferroelectric polymer thin film显示文摘The electromechanical behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)[P(VDF -TrFE)]ferroelectric thin film was investigated using the three dimensional(3D) phase-field method. Various energetic contributions,including elastic,electrostatic,and domain wall energy were taken into account in the variational functional of the phase field model.Evolution of the microscopic domain structures of P(VDF-TrFE) polymer film was simulated.Effects of the in-plane residual stress,the film thickness and externa... | Tao Li,~(1,a))Changqing Chen,~(2,b)) and Jinxiong Zhou~1 1)School of Aerospace,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China 2)Department of Engineering Mechanics,AML & CNMM,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China | 2011 | Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters2011，1，1： | 1 |
| 19 | The components and carbon isotope of the gases in inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Paleozoic gas pools in the Ordos Basin,China显示文摘The components and carbon isotope of gases in inclusions are one of the most important geochemical indexes for gas pools.The analysis results of the components and carbon isotope of gases from inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Palaeozoic gas pools in the Ordos Basin show that most inclusions grown in reservoir sandstone are primary inclusions.There is only a little difference about the components and carbon isotope between the well gases and the secondary inclusions gases.This indicated that the epigenetic change of gas pools is little.This difference between the well gases and the secondary inclusions gases is caused by two reasons:(i)The well gases come from several disconnected sand bodies buried in a segment of depth,while the inclusion gases come from a point of depth.(ii)The secondary inclusions trapped the gases generated in the former stage of source rock gas generation,and the well gases are the mixed gases generated in all the stages.It is irresponsible to reconstruct the palaeo-temperature and palaeo-pressure under which the gas pool formed using carbon dioxide inclusions. | MI JingKui 1 ,DAI JinXing 1 ,ZHANG ShuiChang 1 ,ZHANG WenZheng 2 ,GONG Se 1 &LI XianQing 3 1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China 2 Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710021,China 3 Key Laboratory of Coal Resources,Ministry of Education,China University of Miningand Technology,Beijing 100083,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S1： | 1 |
| 20 | Waveform digitization utilizing switched-capacitor arrays显示文摘Compared with traditional waveform digitization with flash-ADCs, waveform digitization with switched-capacitor arrays (SCAs) is able to achieve the sampling speed above 1 GS/s without degrading the analog to digital conversion precision significantly. In this paper, we present the implementation of a fast waveform digitization system with the use of SCAs, and evaluate its performance of waveform digitization and the waveform timing. At about 5 GS/s, the dynamic input range of the digitizer is about 66 dB, and its timing precision is about 20 ps (RMS). | WANG Jinhong ZHAO Lei FENG Changqing LIU Shubin AN Qi | 2012 | Nuclear Science and Techniques2012，23，2： | 1 |
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