| 2 | Up-regulation of PIK3CA promotes metastasis in gastric carcinoma显示文摘AIM:To explore expressions of PIK3CA in the progression of gastric cancer from primary to metastasis and its effects on activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt pathway.METHODS:mRNA and protein levels of PIK3CA were assessed,respectively,by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in specimens of normal gastric mucosa,primary foci and lymph node and distant metastasis of gastric cancer.Akt and phosphorylated Akt protein were also examined by Western blotting in these tissues,in order to analyze the effect of PIK3CA expression level changes on the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.RESULTS:PIK3CA mRNA in lymph node metastasis were approximately 5 and 2 folds higher,respectively,than that in the corresponding normal gastric mucosa and primary gastric cancer tissues(P<0.05),while no statistical significance was found compared with distant metastasis.Immunohistochemically,PIK3CA protein expression was discovered in 7(35%)specimens of 20 primary foci vs 10(67%)of 15 of lymph node metastasis or 11(61%)of 18 of distant metastasis(35%vs 67%,P=0.015;35%vs 61%,P=0.044).With the increased level of PIK3CA expression,the total Akt protein expression remained almost unchanged,but p-Akt protein was upregulated markedly.CONCLUSION:Increased expression of PIK3CA is expected to be a promising indicator of metastasis in gastric cancer.Up-regulation of PIK3CA may promote the metastasis of gastric cancer through aberrant activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. | Liu JF Zhou XK Chen JH Yi G Chen HG Ba MC Lin SQ Qi YC. | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010,16,39: | 20 |
| 5 | Fungal diversity notes 367-490:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa显示文摘This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic papers where materials are examined,described and novel combinations are proposed where necessary to improve our traditional species concepts and provide updates on their classification.In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appropriate asexual and sexual connections,DNA sequence data are also analysed from concatenated datasets(rDNA,TEF-a,RBP2 and b-Tubulin)to infer phylogenetic relationships and substantiate systematic position of taxa within appropriate ranks.Wherever new species or combinations are being proposed,we apply an integrative approach(morphological and molecular data as well as ecological features wherever applicable).Notes on 125 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including eight new genera,101 new species,two new combinations,one neotype,four reference specimens,new host or distribution records for eight species and one alternative morphs.The new genera introduced in this paper are Alloarthopyrenia,Arundellina,Camarosporioides,Neomassaria,Neomassarina,Neotruncatella,Paracapsulospora and Pseudophaeosphaeria.The new species are Alfaria spartii,Alloarthopyrenia italica,Anthostomella ravenna,An.thailandica,Arthrinium paraphaeospermum,Arundellina typhae,Aspergillus koreanus,Asterina cynometrae,Bertiella ellipsoidea,Blastophorum aquaticum,Cainia globosa,Camarosporioides phragmitis,Ceramothyrium menglunense,Chaetosphaeronema achilleae,Chlamydotubeufia helicospora,Ciliochorella phanericola,Clavulinopsis aurantiaca,Colletotrichum insertae,Comoclathris italica,Coronophora myricoides,Cortinarius fulvescentoideus,Co.nymphatus,Co.pseudobulliardioides,Co.tenuifulvescens,Cunninghamella gigacellularis,Cyathus pyristriatus,Cytospora cotini,Dematiopleospora alliariae,De.cirsii,Diaporthe aseana,Di.garethjonesii,Distoseptispora multiseptata,Dis.tectonae,Dis.tectonigena,Dothiora buxi,Emericellopsis persica,Gloniopsis calami,Helicoma guttulatum,Helvella floriforma,H.oblongispora,Hermatomyces subiculosa,Juncaceicola italica,Lactarius dirkii,Lentithecium unicellulare,Le.voraginesporum,Leptosphaeria cirsii,Leptosphaeria irregularis,Leptospora galii,Le.thailandica,Lindgomyces pseudomadisonensis,Lophiotrema bambusae,Lo.fallopiae,Meliola citri-maximae,Minimelanolocus submersus,Montagnula cirsii,Mortierella fluviae,Muriphaeosphaeria ambrosiae,Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi,Neomassaria fabacearum,Neomassarina thailandica,Neomicrosphaeropsis cytisi,Neo.cytisinus,Neo.minima,Neopestalotiopsis cocoe¨s,Neopestalotiopsis musae,Neoroussoella lenispora,Neotorula submersa,Neotruncatella endophytica,Nodulosphaeria italica,Occultibambusa aquatica,Oc.chiangraiensis,Ophiocordyceps hemisphaerica,Op.lacrimoidis,Paracapsulospora metroxyli,Pestalotiopsis sequoiae,Peziza fruticosa,Pleurotrema thailandica,Poaceicola arundinis,Polyporus mangshanensis,Pseudocoleophoma typhicola,Pseudodictyosporium thailandica,Pseudophaeosphaeria rubi,Purpureocillium sodanum,Ramariopsis atlantica,Rhodocybe griseoaurantia,Rh.indica,Rh.luteobrunnea,Russula indoalba,Ru.pseudoamoenicolor,Sporidesmium aquaticivaginatum,Sp.olivaceoconidium,Sp.pyriformatum,Stagonospora forlicesenensis,Stagonosporopsis centaureae,Terriera thailandica,Tremateia arundicola,Tr.guiyangensis,Trichomerium bambusae,Tubeufia hyalospora,Tu.roseohelicospora and Wojnowicia italica.New combinations are given for Hermatomyces mirum and Pallidocercospora thailandica.A neotype is proposed for Cortinarius fulvescens.Reference specimens are given for Aquaphila albicans,Leptospora rubella,Platychora ulmi and Meliola pseudosasae,while new host or distribution records are provided for Diaporthe eres,Di.siamensis,Di.foeniculina,Dothiorella iranica,Do.sarmentorum,Do.vidmadera,Helvella tinta and Vaginatispora fuckelii,with full taxonomic details.An asexual state is also reported for the first time in Neoacanthostigma septoconstrictum.This paper contributes to a more comprehensive update and improved identification of many ascomycetes and basiodiomycetes. | Kevin D.Hyde Sinang Hongsanan Rajesh Jeewon D.Jayarama Bhat Eric H.C.McKenzie E.B.Gareth Jones Rungtiwa Phookamsak Hiran A.Ariyawansa Saranyaphat Boonmee Qi Zhao Faten Awad Abdel-Aziz Mohamed A.Abdel-Wahab Supharat Banmai Putarak Chomnunti Bao-Kai Cui Dinushani A.Daranagama Kanad Das Monika C.Dayarathne Nimali Ide Silva Asha J.Dissanayake Mingkwan Doilom Anusha H.Ekanayaka Tatiana Baptista Gibertoni Aristóteles Góes-Neto Shi-Ke Huang Subashini C.Jayasiri Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Sirinapa Konta Hyang Burm Lee Wen-Jing Li Chuan-Gen Lin Jian-Kui Liu Yong-Zhong Lu Zong-Long Luo Ishara S.Manawasinghe Patinjareveettil Manimohan Ausana Mapook Tuula Niskanen Chada Norphanphoun Moslem Papizadeh Rekhani H.Perera Chayanard Phukhamsakda Christian Richter AndréL.C.Mde A.Santiago E.Ricardo Drechsler-Santos Indunil C.Senanayake Kazuaki Tanaka T.M.D.S.Tennakoon Kasun M.Thambugala Qing Tian Saowaluck Tibpromma Benjarong Thongbai Alfredo Vizzini Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Nalin N.Wijayawardene Hai-Xia Wu Jing Yang Xiang-Yu Zeng Huang Zhang Jin-Feng Zhang Timur S.Bulgakov Erio Camporesi Ali H.Bahkali Mohammad A.Amoozegar Lidia Silva Araujo-Neta Joseph F.Ammirati Abhishek Baghela R.P.Bhatt Dimitar Bojantchev Bart Buyck Gladstone Alves da Silva Catarina Letícia Ferreira de Lima Rafael JoséVilela de Oliveira Carlos Alberto Fragoso de Souza Yu-Cheng Dai Bálint Dima Tham Thi Duong Enrico Ercole Fernando Mafalda-Freire Aniket Ghosh Akira Hashimoto Sutakorn Kamolhan Ji-Chuan Kang Samantha C.Karunarathna Paul M.Kirk Ilkka Kytovuori Angela Lantieri Kare Liimatainen Zuo-Yi Liu Xing-Zhong Liu Robert Lücking Gianfranco Medardi Peter E.Mortimer Thi Thuong Thuong Nguyen Itthayakorn Promputtha K.N.Anil Raj Mateus A.Reck Saisamorn Lumyong Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh-Fazeli Marc Stadler Mohammad Reza Soudi Hong-Yan Su Takumasa Takahashi Narumon Tangthirasunun Priyanka Uniyal Yong Wang Ting-Chi Wen Jian-Chu Xu Zhong-Kai Zhang Yong-Chang Zhao Jun-Liang Zhou Lin Zhu | 2016 | Fungal Diversity2016,,5: | 2 |