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| 1 | A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus(Isolate BJ01)显示文摘The genome sequence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-associated virus provides essential information for the identification of pathogen(s), exploration of etiology and evolution, interpretation of transmission and pathogenesis, development of diagnostics, prevention by future vaccination, and treatment by developing new drugs. We report the complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of an isolate (BJ01) of the coronavirus that has been recognized as a pathogen for SARS. The genome is 29725 nt in size and has 11 ORFs (Open Reading Frames). It is composed of a stable region encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (composed of 2 ORFs) and a variable region representing 4 CDSs (coding sequences) for viral structural genes (the S, E, M, N proteins) and 5 PUPs (putative uncharacterized proteins). Its gene order is identical to that of other known coronaviruses. The sequence alignment with all known RNA viruses places this virus as a member in the family of Coronaviridae. Thirty putative substitutions have been identified by comparative analysis of the 5 SARS- associated virus genome sequences in GenBank. Fifteen of them lead to possible amino acid changes (non-synonymous mutations) in the proteins. Three amino acid changes, with predicted alteration of physical and chemical features, have been detected in the S protein that is postulated to beinvolved in the immunoreactions between the virus and its host. Two amino acid changes have been detected in the Mprotein, which could be related to viral envelope formation. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the possibility of non-human origin of the SARS-associated viruses but provides noevidence that they are man-made. Further efforts should focus on identifying the etiology of the SARS-associated virus and ruling out conclusively the existence of otherpossible SARS-related pathogen(s). | QIN E'de ZHU Qingyu YU Man FAN Baochang CHANG Guohui SI Bingyin YANG Bao PENG Wenming JIANG Tao LIU Bohua DENG Yongqiang LIU Hong ZHANG Yu WANG Cui LI Yuquan GAN Yonghua LI Xiaoyu L Fushuang TAN Gang CAO Wuchun, YANG Ruifu Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China WANG Jian, LI Wei, XU Zuyuan, LI Yan, WU Qingfa, LIN Wei, CHEN Weijun, TANG Lin, DENG Yajun, HAN Yujun, LI Changfeng, LEI Meng, LI Guoqing, LI Wenjie, L Hong, SHI Jianping, TONG Zongzhong, ZHANG Feng, LI Songgang, LIU Bin, LIU Siqi, DONG Wei, WANG Jun, Gane K-S Wong, YU Jun & YANG Huanming* Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300 National Center for Genome Information, Beijing 101300, China | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，10： | 121 |
| 2 | Environment as the Stage for Economic Actors显示文摘The relative importance of economics and environment in debate may soon be reversed due to the influence of three fac- tors. Firstly, in the global economy it is hard to hide the unwanted products of economic processes. Secondly, huge advances in sci- ence will reduce the imperfect knowledge of markets, making some monitoring and analyzing tools show the design of sensible and equitable livelihood in communities, which is more important than the motivation of maximising profits for some individuals or firms. Thirdly, China, as the last major player on the planet to take on economic growth, comes from traditions fundamentally differ- ent from those economies that have experienced the Industrial Revolution previously. Its challenges with sustainability and en- vironmental conservation predate Western economics by millennia, and it is implementing policies domestically and starting to work on the world stage that acknowledges that the surroundings are the host for any economic and socio-political system. | John E Coulter Shi Lei Samantha Jenkins | 2007 | Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment2007，5，1： | 10 |
| 3 | Rotational Swashplate Pulse Continuously Variable Transmission Based on Helical Gear Axial Meshing Transmission显示文摘The current research on pulse continuously variable transmission(CVT) is mainly focused on reducing the pulse degree and making pulse degrees a constant value. Current research mainly confined to find out new design parameters by using the method of optimization, and reduce the pulse degree of pulse CVT and its range of variation. But the fact is that the reduction of the pulse degree is not significant. This article presents a new structure of mechanical pulse CVT-the rotational swashplate pulse CVT with driven by helical gear axial meshing. This transmission is simple and compact in structure and low in pulsatile rate (it adopts 6 guide rods), and the pulsatile degree is irrelevant to the transmission ratio. Theoretically, pulsatile rate could be reduced to zero if appropriate curved surface of the swashplate is used. Compared with the connecting rod pulse CVT, the present structure uses helical gear mechanism as transmission part and it avoids unbalanced inertial force in the former model. This paper analyzes the principle of driving of this transmission, presents its mechanical structure, and discusses its motion characteristics. Experimental prototype of this type of CVT has been manufactured. Tests for the transmission efficiency(when the rotational speed of the output shaft is the maximum) and the angular velocity of the output shaft have been carried out, and data have been analyzed. The experimental results show that the speed of the output shaft for the experimental prototype is slightly lower than the theoretical value, and the transmission efficiency of the experimental prototype is about 70%. The pulse degree of the CVT discussed in this paper is less than the existing pulse CVT of other types, and it is irrelevant to the transmission ratio of the CVT. The research provides the new idea to the CVT study. | SUN Jiandong FU Wenyu LEI Hong TIAN E LIU Ziping | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2012，25，6： | 10 |
| 4 | An implementation assessment of China's Environmental Information Disclosure Decree显示文摘China's 2007 Open Government Information Regulations is widely considered as a milestone in the country's information policy history and is praised as a'sunshine program'.The Environmental Information Disclosure Decree was the first to operationalize these general regulations into a sectoral information disclosure system on environment.This study assessed the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system about six months after the Decree took eect on May 1,2008.Through reviewing the websites of all 31 provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus and the Ministry of Environmental Protection,conducting an experiment with actual information disclosure request,and through interviews with all provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus,this article concluded that the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system still falls short.Future improvements should focus on further publicity of the regulations and decree to enhance public participation,the establishment of an independent evaluation and supervision system for information disclosure,the exchange of experiences and best practices among provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus,and on strengthening the legal status of environmental information disclosure. | Lei Zhang Arthur E J Mol Guizhen He Yonglong Lu | 2010 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2010，22，10： | 9 |
| 5 | Synthesis of aluminum nanoparticles as additive to enhance ignition and combustion of high energy density fuels显示文摘 | Xiu-Tian-Feng E Lei Zhang Fang Wang Xiangwen Zhang Ji-Jun Zou | 2018 | Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering2018，12，3： | 7 |
| 6 | Comparison of non-schistosomal rectosigmoid cancer and schistosomal rectosigmoid cancer显示文摘AIM: To compare the clinicopathological features of patients with non-schistosomal rectosigmoid cancer and schistosomal rectosigmoid cancer.METHODS: All the patients with rectosigmoid carcinoma who underwent laparoscopic radical surgical resection in the Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgical Center at Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University between October 2009 and October2013 were included in this study. Twenty-six cases of colonic schistosomiasis diagnosed through colonoscopy and pathological examinations were collected. Symptoms,endoscopic findings and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated retrospectively.RESULTS: There were no significant differences between patients with and without schistosomiasis in gender, age, CEA, CA19-9, preoperative biopsy findings or postoperative pathology. Patients with rectosigmoid schistosomiasis had a significantly higher CA-125 level and a larger proportion of these patients were at an early tumor stage(P = 0.003). Various morphological characteristics of schistosomiasis combined with rectosigmoid cancer could be found by colonoscopic examination: 46% were fungating mass polyps, 23%were congestive and ulcerative polyps, 23% were cauliflower-like masses, 8% were annular masses.Only 27% of the patients were diagnosed with rectal carcinoma preoperatively after the biopsy. Computed tomography(CT) scans showed thickened intestinal walls combined with linear and tram-track calcifications in 26 patients.CONCLUSION: Rectosigmoid carcinoma combined with schistosomiasis is associated with higher CA-125 values and early tumor stages. CA-125 and CT scans have a reasonable sensitivity for the accurate diagnosis. | Hao Feng Ai-Guo Lu Xue-Wei Zhao Ding-Pei Han Jing-Kun Zhao Lei Shi Tobias S Schiergens Serene ML Lee Wen-Peng Zhang Wolfgang E Thasler | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，23： | 6 |
| 7 | Check of free oscillation signal with SG data显示文摘The observation of the Earth’s free oscillation is an important way to study the Earth’s inner structure and geophysical parameters. Many geophysicists have investigated the Earth’s normal modes with strainmeters and spring gravimeters. Since the superconducting gravimeters appeared, people have gained a new kind of more stable instruments to detect the normal modes. The measurement for the Earth’s free oscillation with the superconducting gravimeters is one of the main goals of the Global Geodynamics Project. In this note, we have investigated the Earth’s normal modes excited by Peru Ms 7.9 Earthquake on June 23, 2001 with the superconducting gravimeter C032 at the Wuhan station. After having completed the subtraction of gravity tides with the 20th order polynomial fitting, and the correction for pressure and the analysis of the noise spectrum of the superconducting gravimeter, we accurately observed all base normal modes from 0S0 to 0S32 and the splittings of 0S2 and 0S3. Those results show a good | Xiang’e Lei Houze Xu Heping Sun | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，18： | 4 |
| 8 | Aggressive juvenile polyposis in children with chromosome 10q23 deletion显示文摘Juvenile polyps are relatively common findings in children,while juvenile polyposis syndrome(JPS) is a rare hereditary syndrome entailing an increased risk of colorectal cancer.Mutations in BMPR1A or SMAD4 are found in roughly half of patients diagnosed with JPS.Mutations in PTEN gene are also found in patients with juvenile polyps and in Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome and Cowden syndrome.Several previous reports have described microdeletions in chromosome 10q23 encompassing both PTEN and BMPR1A causing aggressive polyposis and malignancy in childhood.These reports have also described extra-intestinal findings in most cases including cardiac anomalies,developmental delay and macrocephaly.In this report we describe a boy with a 5.75 Mb deletion of chromosome 10q23 and a 1.03 Mb deletion within chromosome band 1p31.3who displayed aggressive juvenile polyposis and multiple extra-intestinal anomalies including macrocephaly,developmental delay,short stature,hypothyroidism,atrial septal defect,ventricular septal defect and hypospadias.He required colectomy at six years of age,and early colectomy was a common outcome in other children with similar deletions.Due to the aggressive polyposis and reports of dysplasia and even malignancy at a young age,we propose aggressive gastrointestinal surveillance in children with 10q23 microdeletions encompassing the BMPR1A and PTEN genes to include both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts,and also include a flowchart for an effective genetic testing strategy in children with juvenile polyposis. | Seth Septer Lei Zhang Caitlin E Lawson Jose Cocjin Thomas Attard Holly H Ardinger | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，14： | 4 |
| 9 | A comparative analysis of optimization and generalization properties of two-layer neural network and random feature models under gradient descent dynamics显示文摘A fairly comprehensive analysis is presented for the gradient descent dynamics for training two-layer neural network models in the situation when the parameters in both layers are updated.General initialization schemes as well as general regimes for the network width and training data size are considered.In the overparametrized regime,it is shown that gradient descent dynamics can achieve zero training loss exponentially fast regardless of the quality of the labels.In addition,it is proved that throughout the training process the functions represented by the neural network model are uniformly close to those of a kernel method.For general values of the network width and training data size,sharp estimates of the generalization error are established for target functions in the appropriate reproducing kernel Hilbert space. | Weinan E Chao Ma Lei Wu | 2020 | Science China Mathematics2020，63，7： | 4 |
| 10 | Detection of spheriodal free oscillation excited by Peru 8.2 M_(s) earthquake with five international superconducting gravimeter data显示文摘In this paper, authors obtain the spectral peaks of the earth free oscillation and check all normal modes from 0S0 to 0S48 accurately, with the Fourier analysis and the maximum entropy spectrum method dealing jointly with six groups of the observational residual data from five international superconducting gravimeter stations. By comparing the observational results in this paper with three former groups of observations or models, authors notice an extra discrepancy between two observational 0S2 modes excited separately by Peru earthquake and Alaska earthquake, which probably mirrors the anisotropy of the Earth's inner core. The analysis on the splitting 1S2 mode shows that the asymmetric factor of rotationwise spectral splitting is possible to be different from that of anti-rotationwise spectral splitting. | LEI Xiang'e XU Houze SUN Heping | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，1： | 4 |
| 11 | Frequency-multiplexing photon-counting multi-beam LiDAR显示文摘We report a frequency-multiplexing method for multi-beam photon-counting light detection and ranging(Li DAR),where only one single-pixel single-photon detector is employed to simultaneously detect the multibeam echoes.In this frequency-multiplexing multi-beam Li DAR,each beam is from an independent laser source with different repetition rates and independent phases.As a result,the photon counts from different beams could be discriminated from each other due to the strong correlation between the laser pulses and their respective echo photons.A 16-beam Li DAR system was demonstrated in three-dimensional laser imaging with 16 pulsed laser diodes at 850 nm and one single-photon detector based on a Si-avalanche photodiode.This frequencymultiplexing method can greatly reduce the number of single-photon detectors in multi-beam Li DAR systems,which may be useful for low-cost and eye-safe Li DAR applications. | TIANXIANG ZHENG GUANGYUE SHEN ZHAOHUI LI LEI YANG HAIYAN ZHANG E WU GUANG WU | 2019 | Photonics Research2019，7，12： | 4 |
| 12 | Breast cancer in China显示文摘 | Lei Fan Kathrin Strasser-Weippl Jun-Jie Li Jessica St Louis Dianne M Finkelstein Ke-Da Yu Wan-Qing Chen Zhi-Ming Shao Paul E Goss | 2014 | Lancet Oncology2014，，7： | 4 |
| 13 | Differential expression of meat quality and intramuscular fat deposition related genes in Hanjiang black pigs显示文摘 | Guofang Wu Xin'e Shi Jiping Zhou Lei Wang Yuefeng Li Chengchuang Song Aoqi Xiang Peiyue Dong Shiduo Sun | 2014 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2014，46，12： | 3 |
| 14 | Maize WI5 encodes an endo-1,4-β-xylanase required for secondary cell wall synthesis and water transport in xylem显示文摘Water transport from roots to leaves through xylem is important for plant growth and development.Defects in water transport can cause drought stress,even when there is adequate water in the soil.Here,we identi-fied the maize(Zea mays)wilty5(wi5)mutant,which ex-hibits marked dwarfing and leaf wilting throughout most of its life cycle under normal growth conditions.wilty5 seed-lings exhibited lower xylem conductivity and wilted more rapidly under drought,NaCl,and high temperature treat-ments than wild-type plants.Map-based cloning revealed that WI5 encodes an active endo-1,4-β-xylanase from gly-cosyl dehydration family 10,which mainly functions in degrading and reorganizing cell wall xylan.Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction andβ-glucuronidase assays revealed that WI5 is highly expressed in stems,especially in internodes undergoing secondary wall as-sembly.RNA sequencing suggested that WI5 plays a unique role in internode growth.Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy confirmed that wi5 is defective in xylan deposition and secondary cell wall thickening.Lignin deposition and xylan content were markedly re-duced in wi5 compared to the wild-type plants.Our results suggest that WI5 functions in xylem cell wall thickening through its xylanase activity and thereby regulates xylem water transport,the drought stress response,and plant growth in maize. | Xiaojiao Hu Yang Cui Xiaomin Lu Weibin Song Lei Lei Jinjie Zhu Jinsheng Lai Lizhu E Haiming Zhao | 2020 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2020，62，10： | 3 |
| 15 | Multiple sgRNAs facilitate base editingmediated i-stop to induce complete and precise gene disruption显示文摘Dear Editor,Gene editing is a process to introduce desired changes into targeted loci of genomic DNA.Recently,type II clustered regularly in terspaced short palindromic repeats-associated Cas9 endonuclease(CRISPR/Cas9)system has been demonstrated as a versatile tool for engineering eukaryote genome(Hsu et al.,2014),such as in mice(Zuo et al.,2017). | Kun Jia Zongyang Lu Fei Zhou Zhiqi Xiong Rui Zhang Zhiwei Liu Yu'e Ma Lei He Cong Li Zhen Zhu Dejing Pan Zhengxing Lian | 2019 | Protein & Cell2019，10，11： | 3 |
| 16 | Preparation and hybridization analysis of DNA/RNA from E. coli on microfabricated bioelectronic chips显示文摘 | Cheng Jing Sheldon E L Wu Lei Uribe A Gerrue L O Carrino J Heller M J O'Connell J P | | 0，，： | 2 |
| 17 | Photocatalytic decompositions of gaseous HCHO and methylene blue with highly ordered TiO_2 nanotube arrays显示文摘The highly ordered Ti O_2nanotubes(NTs) were fabricated by the anodic oxidation method.Their morphology,structure and crystalline phase were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractometer(XRD).The effects of morphology,specific surface area,pore structures and photocatalytic activity of the Ti O_2 NTs were investigated.UV–vis spectra analysis showed that its light absorption had been extended to the visible light range.The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous HCHO and MB aqueous solution.The samples had better adhesion strength in the dark and showed a higher photocatalytic activity than nanoparticles.Especially,with ultraviolet light pretreatment,the nanotubes exhibited more stable active for photocatalytic decomposition and the photodecomposition rate remained at high level after 3 cycles of the photocatalysis experiment.Thus,how the number of surface active group ·OH increased and the mechanism for the great improvement for the photocatalytic activity are discussed. | Lixia Li Jing Ya Fengjiao Hu Zhifeng Liu Lei E | 2016 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2016，25，4： | 2 |
| 18 | Rapid phenotypic evolution with shallow genomic differentiation during early stages of high elevation adaptation in Eurasian Tree Sparrows显示文摘Known as the‘third polar region’,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents one of the harshest highland environments in the world and yet a number of organisms thrive there.Previous studies of birds,animals and humans have focused on well-differentiated populations in later stages of phenotypic divergence.The adaptive processes during the initial phase of highland adaptation remain poorly understood.We studied a human commensal,the Eurasian Tree Sparrow,which has followed human agriculture to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Despite strong phenotypic differentiation at multiple levels,in particular in muscle-related phenotypes,highland and lowland populations show shallow genomic divergence and the colonization event occurred within the past few thousand years.In a one-month acclimation experiment investigating phenotypic plasticity,we exposed adult lowland tree sparrows to a hypoxic environment and did not observe muscle changes.Through population genetic analyses,we identified a signature of polygenic adaptation,whereby shifts in allele frequencies are spread across multiple loci,many of which are associated with muscle-related processes.Our results reveal a case of positive selection in which polygenic adaptation appears to drive rapid phenotypic evolution,shedding light on early stages of adaptive evolution to a novel environment. | Yanhua Qu Chunhai Chen Ying Xiong Huishang She Yong E Zhang Yalin Cheng Shane DuBay Dongming Li Per G P Ericson Yan Hao Hongyuan Wang Hongfeng Zhao Gang Song Hailin Zhang Ting Yang Chi Zhang Liping Liang Tianyu Wu Jinyang Zhao Qiang Gao Weiwei Zhai Fumin Lei | 2020 | National Science Review2020，7，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Machine learning from a continuous viewpoint,I显示文摘We present a continuous formulation of machine learning,as a problem in the calculus of variations and differential-integral equations,in the spirit of classical numerical analysis.We demonstrate that conventional machine learning models and algorithms,such as the random feature model,the two-layer neural network model and the residual neural network model,can all be recovered(in a scaled form)as particular discretizations of different continuous formulations.We also present examples of new models,such as the flow-based random feature model,and new algorithms,such as the smoothed particle method and spectral method,that arise naturally from this continuous formulation.We discuss how the issues of generalization error and implicit regularization can be studied under this framework. | Weinan E Chao Ma Lei Wu | 2020 | Science China Mathematics2020，63，11： | 2 |
| 20 | China’s provincial CO 2 emissions embodied in international and interprovincial trade显示文摘 | Ju’e Guo Zengkai Zhang Lei Meng | 2011 | Energy Policy2011，，： | 2 |
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