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| 1 | Dual-lens beam compression for optical coupling in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors显示文摘The optical coupling of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs) has always been restricted to a single-mode fiber for a limited detection area. In this study, for enhancing photon coupling, a dual-lens system operating at 2.2 K was used to compress the beam size on the basis of the Gaussian beam theory and geometric approximation. A magnification of approximately 0.3 was obtained, and a focused spot with diameter of approximately 10 lm was measured from a multimode fiber. Assisted with the compressed beam, a system efficiency of 55 %(1550 nm) was achieved for a SNSPD with a detection area of 10 lm 9 10 lm and 62.5 lm multimode fiber coupling. At the same time, a high speed of106 MHz was measured with the proposed system. The realization of a highly compressed optical beam reduced the optical coupling requirement and helped maintain a high speed for the SNSPD. | Labao Zhang Chao Wan Min Gu Ruiying Xu Sen Zhang Lin Kang Jian Chen Peiheng Wu | 2015 | Science Bulletin2015，60，16： | 6 |
| 2 | Detection of infrared photons with a superconductor显示文摘A superconductor single photon detector based on NbN nanowire was fabricated using electron beam lithography (EBL) and reactive ion etching (RIE) for infrared photon detection. When biased well below its critical current at 4.2 K, NbN nanowire is very sensitive to the incident photons. Typical telecommunication photons with a wavelength of 1550 nm were detected by this detector. Data analysis indicates the repeating rate of the device with 200 nm NbN nanowire may be up to 100 MHz, and the quantum efficiency is about 0.01% when biased at 0.95Ic. | ZHANG LaBao ZHONG YangYin KANG Lin CHEN Jian JI ZhengMing XU WeiWei CAO ChunHai | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，12： | 6 |
| 3 | Heterogeneously integrated,superconducting silicon-photonic platform for measurementdevice-independent quantum key distribution显示文摘Integrated photonics provides a route to both miniaturization of quantum key distribution(QKD)devices and enhancing their performance.A key element for achieving discrete-variable QKD is a singlephoton detector.It is highly desirable to integrate detectors onto a photonic chip to enable the realization of practical and scalable quantum networks.We realize a heterogeneously integrated,superconducting silicon-photonic chip.Harnessing the unique high-speed feature of our optical waveguide-integrated superconducting detector,we perform the first optimal Bell-state measurement(BSM)of time-bin encoded qubits generated from two independent lasers.The optimal BSM enables an increased key rate of measurement-device-independent QKD(MDI-QKD),which is immune to all attacks against the detection system and hence provides the basis for a QKD network with untrusted relays.Together with the timemultiplexed technique,we have enhanced the sifted key rate by almost one order of magnitude.With a 125-MHz clock rate,we obtain a secure key rate of 6.166 kbps over 24.0 dB loss,which is comparable to the state-of-the-art MDI-QKD experimental results with a GHz clock rate.Combined with integrated QKD transmitters,a scalable,chip-based,and cost-effective QKD network should become realizable in the near future. | Xiaodong Zheng Peiyu Zhang Renyou Ge Liangliang Lu Guanglong He Qi Chen Fangchao Qu Labao Zhang Xinlun Cai Yanqing Lu Shining Zhu Peiheng Wu Xiao-Song Ma | 2021 | Advanced Photonics2021，3，5： | 5 |
| 4 | Temperature dependence of niobium superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors in He-3 cryocooler显示文摘Performances of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs) based on low TCmaterials strongly depend on the operating temperatures. We have fabricated infrared-sensitive niobium SNSPDs based on doped niobium(Nb*) films and measured them in He-3cryocooler. The critical current approaches to the de-pairing current at 0.3 K. Therefore, with the decrease in temperatures, we have observed a monotonous increase of count rate at the wavelength of 1,521 nm and exponential decrease of dark count rate at all bias currents. The possible origin of dark counts for doped Nb devices is also discussed. | Tao Jia Chao Wan Limin Zhao Yu Zhou Qingyuan Zhao Min Gu Xiaoqing Jia Labao Zhang Biaobing Jin Jian Chen Lin Kang | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，28： | 2 |
| 5 | Enhanced photon communication through Bayesian estimation with an SNSPD array显示文摘Laser communication using photons should consider not only the transmission environment’s effects,but also the performance of the single-photon detector used and the photon number distribution.Photon communication based on the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector(SNSPD)is a new technology that addresses the current sensitivity limitations at the level of single photons in deep space communication.The communication’s bit error rate(BER)is limited by dark noise in the space environment and the photon number distribution with a traditional single-pixel SNSPD,which is unable to resolve the photon number distribution.In this work,an enhanced photon communication method was proposed based on the photon number resolving function of four-pixel array SNSPDs.A simulated picture transmission was carried out,and the error rate in this counting mode can be reduced by 2 orders of magnitude when compared with classical optical communication.However,in the communication mode using photon-enhanced counting,the four-pixel response amplitude for counting was found to restrain the communication rate,and this counting mode is extremely dependent on the incident light intensity through experiments,which limits the sensitivity and speed of the SNSPD array’s performance advantage.Therefore,a BER theoretical calculation model for laser communication was presented using the Bayesian estimation algorithm in order to analyze the selection of counting methods for information acquisition under different light intensities and to make better use of the SNSPD array’s high sensitivity and speed and thus to obtain a lower BER.The counting method and theoretical model proposed in this work refer to array SNSPDs in the deep space field. | XIANG LI JINGROU TAN KAIMIN ZHENG LABAO ZHANG LIJIAN ZHANG WEIJI HE PENGWEI HUANG HAOCHEN LI BIAO ZHANG QI CHEN RUI GE SHUYA GUO TAO HUANG XIAOQING JIA QINGYUAN ZHAO XUECOU TU LIN KANG JIAN CHEN PEIHENG WU | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，5： | 1 |
| 6 | High-timing-precision detection of single X-ray photons by superconducting nanowires显示文摘Precisely acquiring the timing information of individual X-ray photons is important in both fundamental research and practical applications. The timing precision of commonly used X-ray single-photon detectors remains in the range of one hundred picoseconds to microseconds. In this work, we report on high-timing-precision detection of single X-ray photons through the fast transition to the normal state from the superconductive state of superconducting nanowires. We successfully demonstrate a free-running X-ray single-photon detector with a timing resolution of 20.1 ps made of 100-nm-thick niobium nitride film with an active area of 50 μm by 50 μm. By using a repeated differential timing measurement on two adjacent X-ray single-photon detectors, we demonstrate a precision of 0.87 ps in the arrival-time difference of X-ray photon measurements. Therefore, our work significantly enhances the timing precision in X-ray photon counting, opening a new niche for ultrafast X-ray photonics and many associated applications. | Shuya Guo Jingrou Tan Hengbin Zhang Jinguang Wang Tianhao Ji Labao Zhang Xiaolong Hu Jian Chen Jun Xie Kai Zou Yun Meng Xiaomin Bei Ling-An Wu Qi Chen Hao Wang Xuecou Tu Xiaoqing Jia Qing-Yuan Zhao Lin Kang Peiheng Wu | 2024 | National Science Review2024，11，1： | 0 |
| 7 | Saturation efficiency for detecting 1550 nm photons with a 2×2 array of Mo0.8Si0.2 nanowires at 2.2 K显示文摘Amorphous materials are attractive candidates for fabricating the superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs) due to their superior tolerance and scalability over crystalline niobium nitride. However, the reduced superconducting transition temperature degenerates both operating temperature and saturation efficiency. Herein, the SNSPD(6.5 nm thickness and 50 nm width) based on the amorphous Mo0.8Si0.2 film with a high optical absorption coefficient demonstrates close-to-unity intrinsic detection efficiency for 1550 nm photons from 75 m K to 2.2 K. Further, a high-performance array SNSPD with optimized 90 nm-width wires is also demonstrated. As-fabricated uniform 4-pixel SNSPD exhibits a saturation plateau for the photon counts at 2.2 K,which overcomes the limitation of operation at low temperature(< 1 K) for traditional amorphous SNSPDs.Coupled with superior intrinsic quantum efficiency, highly efficient photon counts, and low dark count ratio, this detector paves a way for achieving high efficiency and superior yield for large array systems. | Feiyan Li Hang Han Qi Chen Biao Zhang Han Bao Yue Dai Rui Ge Shuya Guo Guanglong He Yue Fei Shuchao Yang Xiaohan Wang Hao Wang Xiaoqing Jia Qingyuan Zhao Labao Zhang Lin Kang Peiheng Wu | 2021 | Photonics Research2021，9，3： | 0 |
| 8 | Soft and transient magnesium plasmonics for environmental and biomedical sensing显示文摘由于它有水和 biofluids 的控制反应, Mg 作为一个可分解的售票员启用了许多短暂电子设备的发展。另外, Mg 是有高扑灭效率的新奇 plasmonic 材料,但是它的 transientoptical 性质没彻底地被探索。在这研究,第一次,我们在环境、生物医学的传感器应用利用 Mg 的短暂、悦耳的 plasmonic 性质。我们使用了软 nanoimprint 平版印刷术制作能在人的皮肤上被使用的灵活、大区域的 Mg plasmonic 结构。他们的回声(或颜色) 能被渐渐的 Mg 溶解在水液体或充满蒸汽的环境在可见范围调节;没有对复杂电子电路或电源供应的需要,这些结构能容易作为被动光传感器被实现。我们在在锻练期间的在人的皮肤上的环境湿度和汗损失的生理的察觉的精确监视演示我们的光传感器的应用程序。我们的设备能被用作光传感器和罐头帮助最小化与消费者设备废物联系的长期的健康效果和环境风险的 decomposable/resorbable,它将在短暂 photonic 设备应用导致许多新可能性。 | Ruomu Li Suxia Xie Labao Zhang Liqiang Li Deying Kong QiangWang Run Xin Xing Sheng Lan Yin Cunjiang Yu Xinran Wang Li Gao | 2018 | Nano Research2018，11，8： | 0 |
| 9 | Wideband cryogenic amplifier for a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector显示文摘We present a low-power inductorless wideband differential cryogenic amplifier using a 0.13-μm Si Ge Bi CMOS process for a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector(SNSPD).With a shunt-shunt feedback and capacitive coupling structure,theoretical analysis and simulations were undertaken,highlighting the relationship of the amplifier gain with the tunable design parameters of the circuit.In this way,the design and optimization flexibility can be increased,and a required gain can be achieved even without an accurate cryogenic device model.To realize a flat terminal impedance over the frequency of interest,an RC shunt compensation structure was employed,improving the amplifier’s closed-loop stability and suppressing the amplifier overshoot.The S-parameters and transient performance were measured at room temperature(300 K)and cryogenic temperature(4.2 K).With good input and output matching,the measurement results showed that the amplifier achieved a 21-d B gain with a 3-d B bandwidth of 1.13 GHz at 300 K.At 4.2 K,the gain of the amplifier can be tuned from 15 to 24 d B,achieving a 3-d B bandwidth spanning from 120 k Hz to 1.3 GHz and consuming only 3.1 m W.Excluding the chip pads,the amplifier chip core area was only about 0.073 mm^(2). | Lianming LI Long HE Xu WU Xiaokang NIU Chao WAN Lin KANG Xiaoqing JIA Labao ZHANG Qingyuan ZHAO Xuecou TU | 2021 | Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering2021，22，12： | 0 |
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