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| 1 | Regional applicability of seven meteorological drought indices in China显示文摘The definition of a drought index is the foundation of drought research.However,because of the complexity of drought,there is no a unified drought index appropriate for different drought types and objects at the same time.Therefore,it is crucial to determine the regional applicability of various drought indices.Using terrestrial water storage obtained from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment,and the observed soil moisture and streamflow in China,we evaluated the regional applicability of seven meteorological drought indices:the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI),modified PDSI(PDSI_CN) based on observations in China,self-calibrating PDSI(scPDSI),Surface Wetness Index(SWI),Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI),Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI),and soil moisture simulations conducted using the community land model driven by observed atmospheric forcing(CLM3.5/ObsFC).The results showed that the scPDSI is most appropriate for China.However,it should be noted that the scPDSI reduces the value range slightly compared with the PDSI and PDSI_CN;thus,the classification of dry and wet conditions should be adjusted accordingly.Some problems might exist when using the PDSI and PDSI_CN in humid and arid areas because of the unsuitability of empiricalparameters.The SPI and SPEI are more appropriate for humid areas than arid and semiarid areas.This is because contributions of temperature variation to drought are neglected in the SPI,but overestimated in the SPEI,when potential evapotranspiration is estimated by the Thornthwaite method in these areas.Consequently,the SPI and SPEI tend to induce wetter and drier results,respectively.The CLM3.5/ObsFC is suitable for China before 2000,but not for arid and semiarid areas after 2000.Consistent with other drought indices,the SWI shows similar interannual and decadal change characteristics in detecting annual dry/wet variations.Although the long-term trends of drought areas in China detected by these seven drought indices during 1961-2013 are consistent,obvious differences exist among the values of drought areas,which might be attributable to the definitions of the drought indices in addition to climatic change. | YANG Qing LI MingXing ZHENG ZiYan MA ZhuGuo | 2017 | Science China Earth Sciences2017，60，4： | 21 |
| 2 | Modeling spatial and temporal variations in soil moisture in China显示文摘On the basis of station observations,an atmospheric field (ObsFC) was constructed for the Community Land Model version 3.5 (CLM3.5).The model (CLM3.5 driven with ObsFC,hereafter referred as to CLM3.5/ObsFC) was used to simulate soil moisture (SM) from 1951 to 2008 in China.The resulting SM was compared with in situ observations,remote-sensing data and estimations made by various land models,indicating that CLM3.5/ObsFC is capable of reproducing the temporospatial characteristics and long-term variation trends of SM over China.Using an in situ observation-based forcing field improves the simulation of SM.Analysis of SM simulated using CLM3.5/ObsFC shows that the overall spatial pattern of SM was characterized by a gradually decreasing and alternating distribution of arid-humid zones from the southeast to northwest.Regionally averaged SM was the driest over southern Xinjiang Province and western Inner Mongolia,while the most humid regions were located over the Northeast Plain,Jianghuai region and the Yangtze River basin.The long-term variation trends of SM were generally characterized by increases in arid and humid regions and decreases in semiarid regions.Moreover,the variation was relatively intense from the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s in the arid region.The time series was more stable in the humid region except for a period near 1970 and after the year 2003.A downward trend was most prominent in the semiarid region from the 1990s to the end of the time series.For 1951-2008,in the arid,semiarid and humid regions,the SM volume percentage changed by 2.35,-1.26 and 0.08,respectively.The variation trends and intensity remarkably differed among the different regions,with the most notable changes being over the arid and semiarid regions north of 35°N. | LI MingXing MA ZhuGuo NIU Guo-Yue | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，17： | 17 |
| 3 | Soil moisture drought detection and multi-temporal variability across China显示文摘Soil moisture droughts can trigger abnormal changes of material and energy cycles in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system,leading to important effects on local ecosystem,weather,and climate.Drought detection and understanding benefit disaster alleviation,as well as weather and climate predictions based on the understanding the land-atmosphere interactions.We thus simulated soil moisture using land surface model CLM3.5 driven with observed climate in China,and corrected wet bias in soil moisture simulations via introducing soil porosity parameter into soil water parameterization scheme.Then we defined soil moisture drought to quantify spatiotemporal variability of droughts.Over the period from 1951 to 2008,40%of months(to the sum of 12×58)underwent droughts,with the average area of 54.6%of total land area of China's Mainland.The annual monthly drought numbers presented a significant decrease in arid regions,but a significant increase in semi-arid and semi-humid regions,a decrease in humid regions but not significant.The Mainland as a whole experienced an increasing drought trend,with77.3%of areal ratio of decrease to increase.The monthly droughts in winter were the strongest but the weakest in summer,impacting 54.3%and 8.4%total area of the Mainland,respectively.The drought lasting three months or more occurred mainly in the semi-arid and semi-humid regions,with probability>51.7%,even>77.6%,whereas those lasting 6 and 12 months or more impacted mainly across arid and semi-arid regions. | LI MingXing MA ZhuGuo | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，10： | 13 |
| 4 | Water-vapor source shift of Xinjiang region during the recent twenty years显示文摘这篇论文的目的是在过去的 20 年期间调查 Xinjiang 区域和他们的移动的气候水蒸汽来源。首先,原则和步粗略地被调整寻求水蒸汽来源。第二,在对流层的静止水蒸汽运输是打算的区分水蒸汽旁边来哪里从的气候 ERA-40 分析。另外,在运输之间的搭配和大气的列水蒸汽内容被分析。结果证明主要蒸汽来自 Xinjiang 的西方方面为季节中间月,除了 7 月当水蒸汽来自北方或西北方向时。水蒸汽来源是不同的不同季节,例如里海和地中海是来源在在 10 月的在 7 月的 1 月和 4 月,北方大西洋和北极海和黑海和里海分别地。在里面最近在 Xinjiang 上面的更多的水蒸汽与全球温暖来自高纬度和北极海的十年,和从与 1973-1986 的案例比较的地中海的更少。事实上,在画热带上的空气变得干燥,异常的水蒸汽运输方向在 1987-2000 期间转到西方或西南。由对比,在中间、高的纬度上的空气以前比 14 年更温暖、湿。 | Dai Xingang Li Weijing Ma Zhuguo Wang Ping | 2007 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2007，17，5： | 12 |
| 5 | Causes and Changes of Drought in China:Research Progress and Prospects显示文摘Drought is one of the most serious and extensive natural hazards in the world.Subject to monsoon climate variability,China is particularly influenced by drought hazards,especially meteorological drought.Based on a comprehensive understanding of the current status of international drought research,this paper systematically reviews the history and achievements of drought research in China since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,from four main perspectives:characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of historical and recent drought events,drought formation mechanism and change trend,drought hazard risk,and the particular flash drought.The progress and problems of drought research in China are analyzed and future prospects are proposed,with emphasis on the multi-factor synergetic effect for drought formation;the effect of land-atmosphere interaction;identification,monitoring,and prediction of flash drought;categorization of drought and characteristics among various types of drought;the agricultural drought development;drought response to climate warming;and assessment of drought hazard risks.It is suggested that strengthening scientific experimental research on drought in China is imperative.The present review is conducive to strategic planning of drought research and application,and may facilitate further development of drought research in China. | Qiang ZHANG Yubi YAO Yaohui LI Jianping HUANG Zhuguo MA Zhilan WANG Suping WANG Ying WANG Yu ZHANG | 2020 | Journal of Meteorological Research2020，34，3： | 8 |
| 6 | Soil moisture-based study of the variability of dry-wet climate and climate zones in China显示文摘An ensemble soil moisture dataset was produced from 11 of 25 global climate model (GCM) simulations for two climate scenarios spanning 1900 to 2099; this dataset was based on an evaluation of the spatial correlation of means and trends in reference to soil moisture simulations conducted using the community land model driven by observed atmospheric forcing. Using the ensemble soil moisture index, we analyzed the dry-wet climate variability and the dynamics of the climate zone boundaries in China over this 199-year period. The results showed that soil moisture increased in the typically arid regions, but with insignificant trends in the humid regions; furthermore, the soil moisture exhibited strong oscillations with significant drought trends in the transition zones between arid and humid regions. The dynamics of climate zone boundaries indicated that the expansion of semiarid regions and the contraction of semi-humid regions are typical characteristics of the dry-wet climate variability for two scenarios in China. During the 20th century, the total area of semiarid regions expanded by 11.5% north of 30°N in China, compared to the average area for 1970-1999, but that of semi-humid regions decreased by approximately 9.8% in comparison to the average for the period of 1970-1999, even though the transfer area of the humid to the semi-humid regions was taken into account. For the 21st century, the dynamics exhibit similar trends of climate boundaries, but with greater intensity. | LI MingXing MA ZhuGuo | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，4： | 8 |
| 7 | Assessment of an Evapotranspiration Deficit Drought Index in Relation to Impacts on Ecosystems显示文摘Ecosystems have increasingly been subject to the challenge of heavy drought under global warming. To quantitatively evaluate the impacts of drought on ecosystems, it is necessary to develop a drought index that can sensitively depict the response of vegetation to drought evolution at a biological time scale. For the ability of direct connection between climate and ecosystem by deficit of evapotranspiration, in the present study, a drought index was defined based on standardized evapotranspiration deficit (SEDI), according to the difference between actual and potential evapotranspiration, to meet the need for highlighting drought impacts on ecological processes. Comparisons with traditional indices show that SEDI can reasonably detect droughts and climatic dry and wet transitions, especially at a monthly time scale, and can also regenerate long-term trends. Moreover, SEDI can more sensitively capture the biological changes of ecosystems in response to the dynamics of drought intensity, compared with the indices of precipitation and temperature. SEDI is more practical than the precipitation and temperature indices to highlight signals of biological effects in climate droughts. Hence, it has potential for use in assessments of climate change and its impact on ecosystems. | Xia ZHANG Mingxing LI Zhuguo MA Qing YANG Meixia LV Robin Clark | 2019 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2019，36，11： | 6 |
| 8 | Characteristics and Preliminary Causes of Tropical Cyclone Extreme Rainfall Events over Hainan Island显示文摘The characteristics of tropical cyclone(TC) extreme rainfall events over Hainan Island from 1969 to 2014 are analyzed from the viewpoint of the TC maximum daily rainfall(TMDR) using daily station precipitation data from the Meteorological Information Center of the China Meteorological Administration, TC best-track data from the Shanghai Typhoon Institute,and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The frequencies of the TMDR reaching 50, 100 and 250 mm show a decreasing trend[-0.7(10 yr)^(-1)], a weak decreasing trend [-0.2(10 yr)^(-1)] and a weak increasing trend [0.1(10 yr)^(-1)], respectively. For seasonal variations, the TMDR of all intensity grades mainly occurs from July to October, with the frequencies of TMDR 50 mm and 100 mm peaking in September and the frequency of TMDR 250 mm [TC extreme rainstorm(TCER) events]peaking in August and September. The western region(Changjiang) of the Island is always the rainfall center, independent of the intensity or frequencies of different intensity grades. The causes of TCERs are also explored and the results show that topography plays a key role in the characteristics of the rainfall events. TCERs are easily induced on the windward slopes of Wuzhi Mountain, with the coordination of TC tracks and TC wind structure. A slower speed of movement, a stronger TC intensity and a farther westward track are all conducive to extreme rainfall events. A weaker northwestern Pacific subtropical high is likely to make the 500-h Pa steering flow weaker and results in slower TC movement, whereas a stronger South China Sea summer monsoon can carry a higher moisture flux. These two environmental factors are both favorable for TCERs. | Xianling JIANG Fumin REN Yunjie LI Wenyu QIU Zhuguo MA Qinbo CAI | 2018 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2018，35，5： | 6 |
| 9 | A novel 4/6-type alpha-conotoxin VilA selectively inhibits nAchR α3β2 subtype显示文摘 | Liang Li Na Liu Rong Ding Shuo Wang Zhuguo Liu Haiying Li Xing Zheng Oiuyun Dai | 2015 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2015，47，12： | 4 |
| 10 | Has the stilling of the surface wind speed ended in China?显示文摘Since the 1960 s,the global land surface wind speed(SWS)has significantly weakened,a phenomenon known as global terrestrial stilling.The latest research found that the stilling reversed around 2010,and since then the global SWS has been strengthening.However,there is still a lack of systematic quantitative analysis in China.We analyzed the transition and regional differences in the long-term trends of the SWS in China based on observational SWS data from 1971 to 2019.The results showed that annual mean SWS in China underwent a reversal from a continuously weakening trend to a significantly strengthening trend around 2014 and implying that stilling may have ended in 2014.The reversal had obvious regional and seasonal variations.In Northeast China,Western Xinjiang as well as on the Tibetan Plateau,the years with both annual and seasonal mean SWS changing from weakening to strengthening were around 2013/2014,1993/1994,and 2000.However,in the west of North China,SWS showed an obviously strengthening trend only in autumn and winter after 2007;while only autumn mean SWS showed a strengthening trend after 2012 in South China.It should be noted that stilling is ongoing in the eastern and southern coastal areas,North China and Eastern Xinjiang. | Qing YANG Mingxing LI Ziqing ZU Zhuguo MA | 2021 | Science China Earth Sciences2021，64，7： | 4 |
| 11 | Irregular LIPSS produced on metals by single linearly polarized femtosecond laser显示文摘Currently,supra-wavelength periodic surface structures(SWPSS)are only achievable on silica dielectrics and silicon by femtosecond(fs)laser ablation,while triangular and rhombic laser induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)are achievable by circularly polarized or linear cross-polarized femtosecond laser.This is the first work to demonstrate the possibility of generating SWPSS on Sn and triangular and rhombic LIPSS on W,Mo,Ta,and Nb using a single linearly polarized femtosecond laser.We discovered,for the first time,SWPSS patches with each possessing its own orientation,which are completely independent of the light polarization direction,thus,breaking the traditional rules.Increasing the laser power enlarges SWPSS periods from 4–6μm to 15–25μm.We report a maximal period of 25μm,which is the largest period ever reported for SWPSS,~10 and~4 times the maximal periods(2.4μm/6.5μm)of SWPSS ever achieved by fs and ns laser ablation,respectively.The formation of triangular and rhombic LIPSS does not depend on the laser(power)or processing(scan interval and scan methodology)parameters but strongly depends on the material composition and is unachievable on other metals,such as Sn,Al,Ti,Zn,and Zr.This paper proposes and discusses possible mechanisms for molten droplet generation/spread/solidification,Marangoni convection flow for SWPSS formation,and linear-to-circular polarization transition for triangular and rhombic LIPSS formation.Reflectance and iridescence of as-prepared SWPSS and LIPSS are characterized.It was found that besides insufficient ablation on W,the iridescence density of Ta-,Mo-,Nb-LIPSS follows the sequence of melting temperatures:Ta>Mo>Nb,which indicates that the melting temperature of metals may affect the regularity of LIPSS.This work may inspire significant interest in further enriching the diversity of LIPSS and SWPSS. | Dongshi Zhang Ruijie Liu Zhuguo Li | 2022 | International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing2022，4，1： | 4 |
| 12 | Femtosecond laser induced simultaneous functional nanomaterial synthesis,in situ deposition and hierarchical LIPSS nanostructuring for tunable antireflectance and iridescence applications显示文摘Femtosecond laser induced periodic surface structures(LIPSSs)are excellent biomimetic iridescent antireflective interfaces.In this work,we demonstrate the feasibility to develop tunable iridescent antireflective surfaces via simultaneous synthesis of functional metal-oxide nanomaterials,in situ deposition and hierarchical LIPSSs nanostructuring by means of femtosecond laser ablation(fs-LA)of tungsten(W)and molybdenum(Mo)in air.Adjusting the scanning interval from 1μm to 20μm allows the modulation of particle deposition rates on LIPSSs.Diminishing the scan interval enables a higher particle deposition rate,which facilitates the development of better UV-to-MIR ultrabroadband antireflective surfaces with a less pronounced iridescence.Through comparing the reflectance of hierarchical LIPSSs with different densities of loosely/tightly deposited particles,it is found that the deposited WO_(x)and MoO_(x)particle aggregates have high UV-to-MIR ultrabroadband absorbance,especially extraordinary in the MIR range.Loosely deposited particles which self-assembly into macroporous structures outperform tightly deposited particles for ultrabroadband antireflective applications.The presence of loosely deposited MoO_(x)and WO_(x)particle absorbers can cause up to 80%and 60%enhancement of antireflectance performances as compared to the tightly particle deposited LIPSSs samples.One stone of'fs-LA technique'with three birds of(particle generation,in situ deposition and LIPSS hierarchical nanostructuring)presented in this work opens up new opportunities to tune the reflectance and iridescence of metallic surfaces. | Ruijie Liu Dongshi Zhang Zhuguo Li | 2021 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2021，，30： | 3 |
| 13 | Liquid vortexes and flows induced by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid governing formation of circular and crisscross LIPSS显示文摘Orientations of laser induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)are usually considered to be governed by the laser polarization state.In this work,we unveil that fluid dynamics induced by femtosecond(fs)laser ablation in liquid(fs-LAL)can easily break this polarization restriction to produce irregular circular-LIPSS(CLIPPS)and crisscross-LIPSS(CCLIPSS).Fs laser ablation of silicon in water shows formation of diverse LIPSS depending on ablation conditions.At a high power of 700 mW(repetition rate of 100 kHz,pulse duration of 457 fs and wavelength of 1045 nm),single/twin CLIPSS are produced at the bottom of macropores of several microns in diameter due to the formation of strong liquid vortexes and occurrence of the vortex shedding effect.Theoretical simulations validate our speculation about the formation of liquid vortex with an ultrahigh static pressure,which can induce the microstructure trenches and cracks at the sidewalls for fs-LAL of Si and tungsten(W)in water,respectively.At a low power of 50 mW,weak liquid vortexes are produced,which only give birth to curved LIPSS in the valleys of grooves.Consequently,it is deduced that liquid vortex plays a crucial role in the formation of macropores.Mountain-like microstructures induce complex fluid dynamics which can cause the formation of CCLIPSS on them.It is believed that liquid vortexes and fluid dynamics presented in this work open up new possibilities to diversify the morphologies of LIPSS formed by fs-LAL. | Dongshi Zhang Xinzhuo Li Yao Fu Qinghe Yao Zhuguo Li Koji Sugioka | 2022 | Opto-Electronic Advances2022，5，2： | 2 |
| 14 | Investigation on High Power Diode Laser Cladding of Ni-Fe-Cr Based Alloy Coatings显示文摘Appropriate laser cladding processing parameters for a Ni-Fe-Cr based alloy coating with good quality were studied using 3.5 kW diode laser.The characterization of the coating was investigated,and the influence of each parameter was analyzed.The mechanical properties and wear resistance of the coating were compared with the corresponding chemical composition wrought and cast materials.The results showed that a coating with aspect ratio about 3,dilution ratio 8%-10%and wetting angle 35o-50°could be formed with the laser power 1200-1500 W,travelling speed 8-10 mm/s,powder feed rate 16-18 g/min and shield gas flow 15 l/min.The tensile strength of the coating reached 953 MPa which was higher than that of wrought material 918 MPa and cast material 830 MPa.The microhardness of multi-layer coating was higher than that of single layer coating.The wear resistance of the coating was at the same level with the wrought and cast materials. | Zhang Yaocheng Jian, Huang Nie Pulin Liu Honggang Li Zhuguo Wu Yixiong | 2012 | 稀有金属材料与工程2012，41，S1： | 2 |
| 15 | A gossip-basedadaptive and reliable multicast model on hybrid P2P overlay显示文摘 | Li Zhuguo Chen Zheng Zeng Peng | 2012 | Information Technology Journal2012，11，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Recognition of wear mode using multi-variable synthesis approach based on wavelet packet and improved three-line method显示文摘 | XU Qisheng LI Zhuguo | 2007 | Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing2007，21，： | 1 |
| 17 | Microstructure evolution of Fe-based nanostructured bainite coating by laser cladding 显示文摘 | Yanbing Guo Zhuguo Li Chengwu Yao | 2014 | Materials & Design2014，63，10： | 1 |
| 18 | Yield model of high fluidity concrete in fresh state显示文摘 | LI Zhuguo TAKA-AKI O YASUO T | 2004 | Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering2004，16，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Dilution effect on the formation of amorphous phase in the laser cladded Ni–Fe–B–Si–Nb coatings after laser remelting process显示文摘 | Ruifeng Li Zhuguo Li Jian Huang Yanyan Zhu | 2012 | Applied Surface Science2012，，20： | 1 |
| 20 | Application of Grey Modeling Method to Fitting and Forecasting Wear Trend of Marine Diesel Engines显示文摘 | Zhang Hong Li Zhuguo Chen Zhaoneng | 2003 | Tribology International2003，36，10： | 1 |
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